| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Warm air masses and cool air masses collide | the denser cool air sinks under the less dense warm air |
| Plates moving away from each other | divergent |
| Plates moving toward each other | convergent |
| Plates sliding alongside each other | transform |
| Evidence of continental drift | fossils, glaciers in warm areas, and rocks |
| Evidence of sea floor spreading | ages of rocks, magnetic fields, life-forms (giant clams, mussels, tube worms) |
| Type of fault caused in the rock when plates slide | strike-slip fault |
| What causes wind and ocean currents? | the unequal heating of the Earth/atmosphere |
| The cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking | convection currents |
| High speed, high altitude winds | jet streams |
| Part of North Atlantic gyre that brings warm water along US east coast towards Europe | Gulf Stream |
| Unusual warming of waters off the coast of Peru due to weak trade winds | El Nino |
| To use a smaller amount of material | reduce |
| When waste is separated by different material types | recycle |
| Symbols used to indicate the amount of cloud cover of an area | empty circle = clear / quarter filled circle = somewhat cloudy / half filled circle = partly cloudy / filled circle = overcast |
| Renewable resources | resources replaced quickly in nature |
| Nonrenewable resources | resources that take a long time (millions of years) to replace |
| Earth seasons are caused by… | the tilt of Earth on its axis |
| How do the sun's rays hit the equator compared to other areas on Earth? | the sun's rays hit the equator more directly on the equator than higher or lower |
| To use materials again | reuse |
| Process when CO2 is being absorbed by plants and O2 is being released | photosynthesis |
| Process when O2 is being absorbed and CO2 is being released | respiration |
| Solar wind | consists of particles from the sun's corona that escape |
| Nicholas Copernicus (3) | sun centered the solar system (heliocentric) / distance of the planets from the sun directly relates to the size of the planets orbit / daily movement of stars and planets due to Earth's rotation |
| Galileo Galilei (4) | invented telescope in 1609; 3x sight, then 20x / discovered 4 satellites of Jupiter / discovered sunspots / observed that Venus went through the same phases as the moon |
| Johannes Kepler (1605) (2) | orbits are elliptical (circular) around offset sun / planets travel at different speeds |
| Parts of the sun | innermost = core / second layer = radiative zone / third layer = convection zone / photosphere / chromosphere / corona |
| Features of the sun (4) | sunspots = areas appearing dark because they are cooling / prominences = huge, arching columns of gas erupting from sun / solar flares = gases near sunspot suddenly brighten and shoot outward from sun's corona / CME's = coronal mass ejection |
