Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, In July, 1956, made an announcement that the Suez Canal was been nationalised and in doing so he created the Egyptian Canal Authority whose aim was to manage it. Then the British and U. S. A pulled away their promised financial support for the construction of the new bridge. Following this, Britain, France and Israel made a secret agreement to invade Egypt; this led to the U. S. A siding with the United Nations, calls for a withdraw1. Thereafter all countries withdrew; from this incident Britain and France were forced to recognise the end of Empire.
The Vietnam War was from 26 September 1959 to 30 April1975. The North Vietnam (communist) and fought against South Vietnam (supported by the Americans) in the war. The Vietnam War was an attempt by the Americans to stop the spread of communism in south East Asia[i]. On January 23, 1973 both sides agreed to ceasefire. It was the first time the United States had lost a war. Thereafter Americans felt that their country should take a less active role in foreign policy. As the war led to economic loss and resulted in many civilian casualties for Vietnam.
In 1959 Fidel Castro of Cuba just after over-throwing Dictator Fulgencio Batista Zaldivar fears military intervention from the U. S. A. in 1961 he turned to the Soviet Union for support and requested for military assistance. The Soviet Union responded by sending troops to Cuba and they started putting up missile installations[ii] in retaliation the U. S. A sent spy planes over Cuba. These planes detected the missiles, situation became serious. Hence both countries come to the realisation that a nuclear war is very imminent, thereafter a series of treaties were agreed upon by both states. iii] In his quest to reclaim territory which he considered to belong to his people Saddam Hussein on 7th September 1980 attacked Iran. The conflicted continued for the next eight years. [iv] In 1988 Iraq launched an offensive attack which resulted in a lot of Iranian casualties. On 20 August 1988, Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran accepted the un-sponsored peace treaty. This war resulted in numerous casualties and loss of oil revenues for both countries, another implication was the financial situation at the end of the war. Saddam had to borrow heavily, Mostly from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. [v]
Many lives were lost during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The roots of the disaster can be traced back to 1959, when the Tutsi were chased away from Rwanda, in 1990; Tutsi refugees formed the Rwandan Patriotic Front. In April 1994 after President Habyarimana`s plane was gunned down, a very disgraceful genocide begun, which spent 100 days 800,000 people had been murdered with machetes knives. [vi]The Rwandan genocides implications include destruction of much of Rwanda’s infrastructure, tremendous loss of life in the most brutal ways imaginable and displacement of an estimated 4 million people. ———————- 1Gamal Abdel Nasser. Egypt’s Liberation: The Philosophy of the Revolution, Public Affairs Press, Washington DC, 1955, Pp 3. 2The Effects of the Vietnam War, http://www. cyberlearning-world. com/nhhs/html3/vet. htm. 3Sheldon M. Stern. Inside the secret Cuban missile crisis, Stanford university Press, California, 2005, Pp 11-18. 4Roger Hilsman, The Cuban missile crisis: the struggle over policy, Preager publishing. , 1996. Pp, 69-79. 5Farhang Rajae, Iranian perspectives on the Iran-Iraq war, the university press of Florida. 1997. Pp, 39-49. 6James D.
Hamilton, Oil and the Macroeconomy since World War II, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 91, No. 2 (Apr. , 1983). 7jehane Sedky-Lavandero, Mark Vergara, December 2004. Rwanda: Ten years after the genocide. http://www. unicef. org/infobycountry/rwanda_genocide. html. (accessed on 2010-03-16) 8Phuong N, Harvey M, Timothy Longman. , Trauma and PTSD Symptoms in Rwanda Implications for Attitudes Toward Justice and Reconciliation. Vol. 292 No. 5, August 4, 2009. Accessed from http://jama. ama-assn. org/cgi/content/abstract/292/5/602 (accessed on 2010-03-16). [pic] . 292 No. , August 4, Bibliography Gamal Abdel Nasser. Egypt’s Liberation: The Philosophy of the Revolution, Public Affairs Press, Washington DC, 1955, Pp 3. The Effects of the Vietnam War, http://www. cyberlearning-world. com/nhhs/html3/vet. htm. Sheldon M. Stern. Inside the secret Cuban missile crisis, Stanford university Press, California, 2005, Pp 11-18. Roger Hilsman, The Cuban missile crisis: the struggle over policy, Preager publishing. , 1996. Pp, 69-79. Farhang Rajae, Iranian perspectives on the Iran-Iraq war, the university press of Florida. 1997. Pp, 39-49. James D.
Hamilton, Oil and the Macroeconomy since World War II, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 91, No. 2 (Apr. , 1983). jehane Sedky-Lavandero, Mark Vergara, December 2004. Rwanda: Ten years after the genocide. http://www. unicef. org/infobycountry/rwanda_genocide. html. (accessed on 2010-03-16). Phuong N, Harvey M, Timothy Longman. , Trauma and PTSD Symptoms in Rwanda Implications for Attitudes Toward Justice and Reconciliation. Vol. 292 No. 5, August 4, 2009. Accessed from http://jama. ama-assn. org/cgi/content/abstract/292/5/602 (accessed on 2010-03-16). [pic] . 292 No. 5, August 4, 07250 2004
