Question | Answer |
---|---|
Large, low, flat landform is called a | Plain |
An elevated plain is a | Plateau |
Large, rocky highly elevated landform is a | Mountain |
A group of mountains that are closely related in shape, structure, and age | Mountain range |
An imaginary line that circles the earth at 0 degrees | Equator |
Imaginary lines that travel east and west describing position relative to the equator are called | Latitude lines |
Imaginary lines travel north and south describing position relative to the prime meridian are called | Longitude lines |
Mercator, Equal-area, and Conic are examples of | Map Projections |
The height above sea level is called | Elevation |
Describes symbols on a map | Key |
The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area is its | Relief |
The shape of the land is its | Topography |
A feature of topography formed by processes of the earth's surface is | landform |
Shapes and pictures that stand for features on the Earth's surface are called | Symbols |
Often given as a ratio; it relates distance on a map to a real distance on the earth | Scale |
A flat model of the Earth or part of the Earth | Map |
Used to measure the distance around the earth | Degree |
An imaginary line that divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres | Equator |
One half of the sphere that makes up the earth's surface | Hemisphere |
How long ago did the earth begin to form? | 4,600,000,000 years BP |
What force caused the earth to form? | Gravity |
Accretion began ____________ years ago. | 4,600,000,000 |
Accretion lasted ___________ years. | 1,000,000,000` |
What substance was part of earth's first atmosphere? | Helium |
Which substance was NOT part of earth's second atmosphere? | Helium |
Which substance was not part of earth's atmosphere during the later Pre-Cambrian time? | Helium |
This substance was introduced to the earth's atmosphere by living organisms: | Oxygen |
This substance changed state and settled in the basins of the crust to become oceans: | Water vapor |
This present day organism is most similar to the earliest life forms | Bacteria |
This is a ball of dust and ice that orbits the sun | Comet |
The earth is in this galaxy | Milky Way |
The closest galaxy to us other than our is | Andromeda |
The closest star to us other than the sun is | Proxima-Centuri |
The distance light travels in one year is called | Light year |
Number of planets in our solar systems: | 7 |
Name the planets in order | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
Another term for inclination is | Axis Tilt |
The tilt of the earth's axis is | 23 1/2 degrees |
Axis tilt gives us _____________ in the temperate zones. | The seasons |
June 21st is the _______________ | Summer Solstice |
September 22nd and March 21st are called | Equinox |
The shortest day of sunlight of the year is the | Winter Solstice |
The longest day of the year is the | Summer Solstice |
3 theories of how the moon was formed: | 1) made up of same material as the earth, but formed separately 2) a small planet collided with earth during accretion. The fragments were placed in orbit. Gravity caused pieces to form the moon 3) a lump of the earth fell off and formed the moon |
The moon was formed | About the same time as the earth |
The moon's Marias are | Hardened lava from the moon's volcanoes. |
The moon's orbit around the earth takes | 29 1/2 days |
The name of the giant ice sheet that covered most of North America during the Ice Age is called | Wisconsin Glacier |
The moraine left by an advance 60,000 years ago is called | Ronkonkoma Moraine |
The movement of glacier that occurred 17,000 years ago is called | Harbor Hill Advance |
A hill made of glacial debris left where the front of the glacier stopped is called | Moraine |
An area made of sand or smaller particle of sediment that is washed off a glacier is called | Outwash Plain |
An area of permeable sediment that contains water is called | Aquifer |
A flat sandy area found downhill or a moraine that is formed from sand being washed off is | Outwash Plain |
Formed from ice melting underground leaving a depression that is filled by coming in contact with an aquifer is called | Kettle Lake |
Formed from large ice fingers digging into the moraine is called | Harbor |
Steep hills formed from eroded headlands being washed away by the sea are called | Bluffs |
The material left behind by eroding glaciers is called | Glacial Debris |
The elevation of the ocean's surface is called | Sea level |
The taking away of sediment is called | Erosion |
The placing of sediment is called | Deposition |
Impermeable sediment is called | Clay |
The materials that make up the earth's surface is | Sediment |
When a kettle hole comes in contact with an aquifer and fills with water is called | Kettle lake |
The outwash plain that is found south of the Harbor Hill Moraine is called | Terryville Outwash Plain |
The outwash plain found south of the Ronkonkoma Moraine is called | South Shore Outwash Plain |
The elevation of the ocean's surface is called | Sea level |
The agent of mechanical weathering in which rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called | Abrasion |
Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of | Freezing and thawing water |
What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change? | Chemical Weathering |
A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It probably has been chemically weathered by | Oxygen |
A hot and wet climate causes weathering to take place | Rapidly |
Soil formation begins with weathering of | Bedrock |
Soil that is rich in humus has high | Fertility |
When earthworms add their waste to the soil, then die and decay in the soil, they are contributing to the formation of | Humus |
Living organisms in soil help to | Mix the soil and make humus |
Decomposers are the soil organisms that | Break down and digest the remains of dead organisms. |
Soil is a valuable resource because it | is needed for plants to be grown. |
How long did it take for the thick, fertile soil of the North American prairies to develop? | Thousands of years |
The growth of plant roots and animal activity may result in | Mechanical weathering |
Most of the work of mixing humus within the soil is done by | Earthworms |
They type of soil called loam is made up of | Nearly equal amounts of silt , sand and clay |
Granite lasts a long time when it is used for building in areas where the climate | Is cool. |
A permeable rock weathers easily because it | contains many, small connected airspaces. |
The texture , or particle size, of soil determines | how much air and water the soil can hold. |
A marble statue is left exposed to the weather. Within a few years, the details on the statue have begun to weather away. This weathering is probably caused by | carbonic acid in rainwater. |
In which soil layer would you find soil that is rich in humus? | A horizon |
What 2 elements make up water? | Hydrogen and Oxyogen |
What is the formula for water? | H20 |
What are the charges of the hydrogen atom in a water molecule? | Positive |
What is not one of water's three states of matter? | Positive |
What makes molecules stick together? | Polarity |
What process takes place when water in liquid state turns into a gas state by using heat? | Evaporation |
What process involves water vapor changing back into a liquid? | Condensation |
What is the process of changing water from a liquid to a solid? | Freezing |
The process that involves water flowing between soil particles is called | Percolation |
Water that enters the earth through the soil is called | Infiltration |
Water that flows along the earth's surface is called | Runoff |
Cloud formation is what part of the Hydroloic cycle? | Condensation |
Where does all of Long Island's rain water runoff eventually end up? | The sea |
What do water droplets collect on when forming clouds? | Atmospheric dust |
What formed the large moraines of Long Island? | Glaciers |
What are the large sandy formations found downhill from moraines called? | Outwash Plains |
What do we call Long Island's large areas of groundwater? | Aquifers |
What is water stored underground called? | Groundwater |
Which of the following terms is not a wave? Tsunami Gulf Stream Tidal Bulge Ocean Swell |
Gulf Stream |
What is the largest ocean swell called? | Ground Swell |
Wave height is determined by two factors, wind speed and __________. | Fetch |
The largest of swells are formed from conditions of | Large fetch and strong winds |
High tide occurs when the _______________ of the tidal wave is in the area. | crest |
High tide occurs approximately _______ hours from low tide. | 6 |
The primary force that makes the tides is the ___________________. | moon's gravity |
The primary force that forms a Tsunami is ____________________. | seismic disturbance |
Tsunamis on the open ocean have a very large _________________. | wavelength |
When the Tsunami contacts shallow water, wavelength shortens and the height ________________. | gets larger. |
Another name for a tidal bulge is: | Tidal wave |
Which moon phase would have a corresponding large high tide? | Full |
What causes tidal waves to travels across the earth? | Earth's rotation |
If high tide was at 1:00 P.M., what time would the next high tide occur? | 1:00 A.M. |
If high tide was at 1:00 P.M., what time would the next low tide occur? | 7:00 P.M. |
The moon and the sun's gravitational pull are lined up during what phases of the moon? | New and Full |
Which of the following is a warm ocean current? Humboldt Current Gulf Stream Deep Ocean Currents Ridtides |
Gulf Stream |
The spinning of the earth that creates counter clockwise currents in the Northern Hemisphere is called | Coreolis Effect |
The Gulf Stream gets squeezed in two locations before it reaches Cape Hatteras, the Bahamas, and | between Florida and Cuba |
The Gulf Stream ends at which continent? | Europe |
The force that spins the Japanese Current toward the coast of California is | Coreolis Effect |
Seawater with the highest salinity and coldest temperature is found | on the ocean bottom. |
The FORCE that makes Deep Ocean Currents move in a horizontal direction is | Gravity |
If it is high tide in Port Jefferson at 4:00 A.M., the next low tide will be at | 10:00 A.M. |
A material made of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together is called a | Mixture |
Anything that contains only one pure type of material | Substance |
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances; the building blocks of matter: | Elements (there are 118 of them) |
A mixture where the substances are distributed evenly throughout the mixture. | Homogeneous mixture |
A mixture where the substances are unevenly distributed throughout the mixture. | Heterogeneous mixture |
The SI unit that measures the distance between two points. | Meters |
The amount of space an object occupies. | Volume |
Any characteristic of a material that can be observed, measured. | Physical properties |
The amount of mass an object has compared to its volume | Density |
The system of International Standard metric measurements | SI Units |
The space a substance occupies | Volume |
The amount of matter in an object | Mass |
The force an object exerts because of gravity | Weight |
When two or more different atoms chemically combine to form a new substance | Compound |
When two or more atoms combine to form a new substance | Molecule |
The basic particle that makes up an element | Atom |
The study of matter | Chemistry |
Water is a | substance |
Milk is a | heterogeneous mixture |
Oatmeal is | heterogeneous mixture |
The SI Unit that measures volume | liters |
A fire usually indicates what type of change? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
What type of change is freezing? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
What type of change is melting wax? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
What type of change is electrolysis? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
What type of change is bending a paper clip? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
What type of change is condensation? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
What type of change is combustion? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
What type of change is oxidation? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
What type of change is a melting ice cream? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
What type of change is tarnishing? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
What type of energy is snow at the top of a mountain? | Potential |
What type of energy is water flowing down from a mountain? | Kinetic |
What type of energy travels in waves though space | Electromagnetic |
What type of energy is the movement of charged particles? | Electrical |
What type of energy would a light from a flashlight be? | Electromagnetic |
Dissolving salt in water is what type of change? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
Mixing compost into sand is what type of change? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
Every kind of matter has 6 kinds of properties. True or False | False |
Every form of matter has physical and chemical properties. True or False | True |
Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. True or False | True |
The parts of a mixture are combined into a set ratio. True or False | False |
Heterogeneous mixtures look the same throughout. True or False | False |
A solution is an example of a homogeneous mixture. True or False | True |
Acids and bases are what type of matter? | Compounds |
What is the taste of a base? | Bitter |
What happens to blue litmus paper in the presence of an acid? | Turns red |
The breaking down of a metal in an acid is called | Corrosion |
What is the taste of an acid? | Sour |
The reaction between an acid and a base is called | Neutralization |
What is the process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones called? | Digestion |
What is the universal solvent? | Water |
What is the charge of a proton? | Positive |
What is the charge of a neutron? | Neutral |
What is the charge of an electron? | Negative |
Name the central part of the atom | Nucleus |
The electrons are contained in the ________ of the atom. | shell |
Atoms make up all _________. | matter |
__________________ is the measurement of the force an object exerts because of gravity. | Weight |
All matter is composed of smaller particles called _________. | Atoms |
The charge of a proton is ________________. | + Positive |
The charge of a neutron is | 0 |
The charge of an electron is | – Negative |
The layer of the earth that contains solid iron and nickel | Inner Core |
The layer of the earth that makes the ocean bottom and the continents | Crust |
Transfer of energy through space is | Radiation |
Transfer of energy though direct contact with a substance is called | Conduction |
Transfer of heat through the movement of heated fluid is called | Accretion |
Which type of earth movement is making the Atlantic Ocean wider? | Sea Floor Spreading |
The super continent that occurred over 150,000,000 years ago was called | Pangaea |