| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the pupil of your eye? | the hole in the eye through which light enters. If the lights in a dark room are turned on, your pupil gets smaller. |
| Which part of the eye controls the amount of light that is allowed to enter? | iris |
| What are the photoreceptor cells that detect different color of light in the human eye? | cone cells |
| What does the optic nerve in your eye do? | it sends nerve impulses to the brain |
| Rod cells respond to _____________________________. | White, black, and gray and detect light. |
| The largest part of the brain. It controls the senses (touch, taste, smell, vision, and hearing). | cerebrum |
| 3 parts of the brain | cerebrum, cerebellum, and the medulla |
| central nervous system includes | the brain and the spinal cord |
| What does your outer ear do? | act like a funnel to collect sound waves |
| The eardrum is in the middle ear. What does the ear drum do? | vibrates in response to sound in the ear canal |
| Why is the inner ear important? | provides our sense of hearing and our sense of balance. |
| What does the circulatory system do for our bodies? | Delivers oxygen to our body and removes wastes and carbon dioxide from the cells. |
| What are the important parts of the circulatory system? | heart, blood, and blood vessels? |
| What are the three blood vessels? | arteries, veins, and capillaries |
| Which body system delivers oxygen and removes wastes from the cells? | circulatory system, also know as the body's "transport system" |
| What are alveoli? | Where gas exchange happens, found in the lungs, and are surrounded by capillaries. |
| What are the smallest blood vessels in the body? | Capillaries |
| Which blood vessel brings back blood towards the heart? | veins |
| What is the function of the right side of the heart? | collect oxygen-poor blood from the body and pump it to the lungs |
| What is the function of the left side of the heart? | collects oxygen-RICH blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body |
| Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? | arteries |
| What is the function of red blood cells? | carry oxygen to the cells, |
| Why are white blood cells important? | they are a part of the immune system and help fight infections. |
| Which body system consists of the lungs and passageways that lead to the lungs? | the respiratory system |
| What is process by which the body exchanges and uses gases? | respiration |
| Which body system breaks down food using enzymes and absorbs nutrients into the blood? | digestive system |
| Which organ mixes up digestive juices with swallowed food and liquids and sends it to the small intestine? | stomach |
| Which organ sits behind the stomach and produces enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid when food enters the duodenum? | pancreas |
| What is the job of the large intestine? | absorb water and package waste. |
| Why are the tiny, finger-like projections called villi important in the small intestine? | they increase surface area for absorption of nutrients |
| Some examples of vestigial organs? | human's appendix and whale leg bones |
| What is mitosis? | the division of a cell's nucleus |
| Why is mitosis important? | repairs damaged/injured cells, growth, and replaces dead cells |
| Which phase of mitosis shows the chromosomes lined up in the center of the cell? | metaphase |
| Which phase of mitosis shows the chromosomes pulling apart? | anaphase |
| Which phase of mitosis shows 2 nucleus? | telophase |
| During which phase is the DNA copied/replicated? | Interphase |
| What is the base pair rule for MRNA? | G goes with C. C goes with G. T goes with A. A goes with U. |
| What is the base pair rule for DNA? | G goes with C. C goes with G. A goes with T. T goes with A. |
| The 4 bases of RNA are: | AGUC |
| What is a change in the hereditary material called? | mutation |
| What is the form of a trait that an organism displays? | Phenotype (for example, tall or short) |
| The letter code for a trait | genotype (for example, TT or tt) |
| The form of a trait that always shows up when uppercase allele is present | dominant trait |
| The form of trait that always hides when dominant trait is present | recessive trait |
| Genotypes for dominant traits | RR (homozygous dominant) or Rr (heterozygous) |
| Genotypes for recessive traits | rr (homozygous recessive) |
| What makes up proteins in our cells? | amino acids |
| What is the tool used to determine the possible phenotypes of offspring for a certain trait? | Punnett Square |
| How does studying DNA base sequence help us learn about the relationships of different species? | the more similar their base sequence, the more closely related the species are |
| What happens when a species produces too many offspring? | only the healthiest (best fit) will survive |
| Which tool is used to show relationships between living species and their ancestors? | a cladogram |
| Characteristics of prokaryotic cells | no nucleus, bacteria, loose DNA |
| Characteristics of eukaryotic cells | nucleus, DNA is found in nucleus |
| How is bacteria classified? | shape (spiral, rod, and ball shape) |
| Where do Archaebacteria live? | in extreme environments, such as volcanoes. |
| What is a virus? | tiny, non-living particles made up of genetic material and proteins |
| What are some characteristics of a virus? | does not reproduce, eat or make its own food. |
