| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Mass | The material/stuff that matter takes up |
| Space/Volume | The specific area/place that matter takes up |
| Density | D=m/v The amount of mass in a specific volume of space |
| Atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
| Electron | Particles of atoms with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus along with proton |
| Proton | Particles in an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
| Neutrons | Particles in an atom with a neutral/ no charge located inside the nucleus along with the protons |
| Periodic Table | Large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
| Element | The simplest substances that cannot be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe |
| Periods/rows | Rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for electrons to move around |
| Groups or Family/ Columns | Columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has / the number of electrons that can move on it's outer shell / energy level |
| Valence Electrons | The electrons that move on the outer shell / energy levels of an atom |
| Atomic Number | How many protons an element has inside the nucleus / usually is same # of the neutrons and electrons |
| Atomic Mass | The measurements of the mass for an element atoms |
| Chemical Property | The ability of substances to combine with on another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
| Physical Property | The states of matter and appearance of a substance |
| Ionic Bond | When elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
| Covalent Bond | When elements share electrons during bonding |
| Chemical Change / Reaction | Elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
| Compound / Molecule | Two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio / pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
| Mixture | two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they do NOT change into a new substance / compound |
| Nobel Gasses | all the elements in Group #18- they are the most stable elements because that have eight electrons in their outer shell |
| Halogens | all of the elements in Group #17- they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in Group #1 because the have seven valence electrons and want to be stable |
| Alkali Metals | All of the elements in Group #1 – they are very reactive because they have only one valence electron |
| Metalloids | Elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons |
