DNA profiling
What is the preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual?
reverse transcriptase
Retroviruses such as HIV use ___ to convert information stored in their RNA to information stored in DNA
form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA
The feature of “sticky ends” that makes them especially useful in DNA recombination is their ability to
the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply
In order for gene therapy to be permanent,
step B
Which step in this process requires use of restriction enzymes?
phages
Genetic libraries can be constructed using either bacterial plasmids or what other vector?
transposable elements
Segments of eukaryotic DNA that can move or be copied from one site to another in the genome are called
DNA polymerase molecules
The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant ___ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs
step 3
Which step in the creation of cDNA involves the use of reverse transcriptase?
functions as a vector
In the process of human gene cloning using recombinant plasmids, the bacterial plasmid
20
What is the smallest number of cells needed to perform a successful DNA profile
98.8%
Approximately what percentage of the human genome is identical to that of a chimpanzee
stimulating the immune system
A vaccine works by
beta-carotene
Golden rice is golden in color because it is in rich in
shotgun
The ___ approach to gene cloning employs a mixture of fragments from the entire genome of an organism
Escherichia coli
The type of recombinant bacteria most often used to mass-produce genes is
an animal containing a gene from a third “parent,” which may even be another species
A transgenic animal is
the fact that GM organisms cannot be modified to prevent them from reproducing once they pass beyond the experimental stage
Which of the following has not been a significant issue in the creation of genetically modified (GM) organisms?
PCR
If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood, hair, or other organic matter from your body. If you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by ___, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime
mammalian cells
The only recombinant cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are
single nucleotide polymorphism
The genetic variation of one nucleotide in at least 1% of the population is known as
has been around since the dawn of civilization
Biotechnology
restriction sites
Restriction enzymes specifically recognize and cut short sequences of DNA called
promising
Gene therapy can currently be considered
DNA fragments with single-stranded ends
“Sticky ends” are
human insulin is less likely to provoke an allergic reaction than cow, pig, or horse insulin
The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that
nucleotides together
DNA ligase binds
is much greater than the number of genes
The number of proteins in humans
DNA technology limits genomic studies to prokaryotes
Which of the following statements about genetics is false?
cDNA libraries only contain information from active genes
A cDNA library differs from a genomic library in that
Genetic modification of plants increases the amount of tillage and use of chemical insecticides
Which of the following statements regarding genetically modified organisms is false?
the resulting DNA strand will lack introns
An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that
size
Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their
Repetitive DNA is identical in all humans
Which of the following statements regarding repetitive DNA is false?
each of the 13 STR bands must match
In order to match the pilot’s remains to the correct family using DNA profiling,
a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene
A nucleic acid probe is
the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation
When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein,
Bacteria
___ are a major source of restriction enzymes
98.5%
Approximately what percentage of human DNA is noncoding
a very close match in the DNA profile
Which of the following pieces of evidence would be considered the best for establishing biological relatedness?
A nucleic acid probe is a double-stranded section of DNA
Which of the following statements about nucleic acid probes is false?
gel
During the process of electrophoresis, the ___ functions like a thick filter,
It is fast and inexpensive
Why is the whole-genome shotgun method currently the tool of choice for analyzing genomes?
the two semen samples did not match the person who initially confessed.
When DNA fingerprinting was first used,
cut DNA at specific sites
Restriction enzymes
recombinant DNA
When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA, it is known as
Scientists think that the typical human gene probably specifies just one polypeptide
Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?
DNA ligase
DNA fragments that have matching sticky ends are joined by covalent bonds formed by the action of
Most of the genomes that have been sequenced to date are eukaryotes
Which of the following statements about genome sequencing is false?
Yes, family 3 matches
Based on analysis of the STR sites shown, does the missing pilot belong to any of these three families?
