| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| diffusion | the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across/through the cell membrane |
| passive transport | the diffusion of particles through the cell membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration without using energy |
| active transport | the diffusion of particles through the cell membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration using energy |
| endocytosis | the process in which a cell surrounds a large particle and encloses it in a vesicle |
| exocytosis | the process when a cell uses a vesicle to move a particle from within the cell to outside the cell |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar |
| cellular respiration | when cells use oxygen to break down food |
| fermentation | when cells do not use oxygen to break down food |
| cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell |
| chromosomes | storage structures for DNA |
| homologous chromosomes | similar pair of chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | the division of cytoplasm of a cell |
| mitosis | nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosome |
| binary fission | the cell division where one cell splits into 2 |
| chromatid | identical copies of a chromosome |
| centromere | the region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated |
