Chapter 14 test flashcard on biology

false
Protists are prokaryotes.
false
There is currently no scientific evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory.
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true
According to the endosymbiotic theory, eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
true
According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria evolved from small aerobic bacteria that were engulfed by a larger prokaryotic cell.
false
According to the endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts evolved from small protists.
false
Chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, have DNA.
true
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are surrounded by membranes.
true
Protists contain organelles.
false
All protists are multicellular.
true
Most protists require a watery environment in which to live.
false
Protists have no way of moving on their own; they must hitch a ride with a motile organism.
true
Algae are protists.
true
Spores can be produced by some protists as a response to harsh conditions in their environment.
true
Some protists can carry out photosynthesis.
false
Protists cannot reproduce sexually.
A.
Which of the following is not a principle of the endosymbiotic theory?
A. Mitochondria evolved from aerobic bacteria that were engulfed by a larger prokaryotic cell.
B. Chloroplasts evolved from endosymbiotic photosynthetic bacteria.
C. Prokaryotic cells evolved from eukaryotic cells.
D. The first eukaryotic cells evolved from a mutually beneficial relationship between two or more prokaryotic cells.
B.
How are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar?
A. They are both organelles in eukaryotic cells.
B. They are both surrounded by membranes.
C. They divide by binary fission.
D. all of the above
C.
Which location is least likely to have a population of protists?
A. desert
B. damp soil
C. ocean
D. lake
B.
Cilia
A. are false feet.
B. are short appendages that help some protists move.
C. contain all of the DNA in a protist.
D. all of the above
D.
The algae Spirogyra produces spores
A. when conditions in their environment are ideal.
B. to get rid of extra chloroplasts.
C. when conditions in their environment become unfavorable.
D. as a way to make food.
B.
The fusion of two Spirogyra spores to form a diploid zygote is an example of
A. asexual reproduction.
B. sexual reproduction.
C. binary fission.
D. triploid fission.
D.
Ingestive protists obtain food by
A. photosynthesis.
B. diffusion.
C. osmosis.
D. engulfing the food.
B.
Photosynthesis is
A. the process of engulfing food particles.
B. the process of transforming light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into chemical energy (food).
C. a type of cell movement.
D. none of the above.
j. protists
the simplest eukaryotes
d. endosymbiosis
a mutually beneficial relationship between a cell and the cell that engulfed it
f. flagella
longer, whip-like appendages that aid movement
b. chloroplast
an organelle that carries out photosynthesis
k. prokaryote
cell without a nucleus
e. eukaryote
cell with a nucleus
g. mitochondria
an organelle that carries out cellular respiration
c. cilia
short, whip-like appendages that aid movement
h. motility
the ability to move
i. psuedopods
“false feet”
l. spore
a reproductive cell produced by protists and other organisms
a. aerobic bacteria
prokaryotes that use oxygen for cellular respiration
motility
A term for the ability to move is ____________.
flagella
Whip-like cellular appendages some protists use to help them move are ____________.
endosymbionts
Cells that live inside other cells in a mutually beneficial relationship are called ____________.
protists
____________ are the simplest eukaryotes.
psuedopod
A temporary, foot-like extension of the protist’s cytoplasm that it can use for movement is a ____________.
organelles
Mitochondria are cellular ____________.
chloroplasts
Photosynthesis in protists happens in the ____________.
DNA
Protists have a nucleus containing ____________.
spores
____________ are the haploid Spirogyra cells that can survive in harsh environments.
meiosis
Haploid cells are produced from a diploid zygote by ____________.
multicellular
Protists can be single celled or ____________.
ingestion, absorption, photosynthesis
Protists have get food by ____________, ____________, or ____________.
true
Protists are often classified based on how similar they are to animals, fungi, or plants.
false
Protozoa are fungus-like protists.
true
Many protists are single-celled organisms.
true
Some protists are multicellular organisms.
true
Some protozoa eat bacteria.
true
Some protists eat algae.
false
Malaria is caused by algae that live in protozoa.
false
Sporozoan protozoa are those that move only when they are adults.
false
Diatoms are a type of protozoa.
false
Kelp are fungus-like protists.
true
Kelp are multicellular organisms that live in the ocean.
false
All algae have roots, stems, and leaves.
false
All algae reproduce only by sexual reproduction.
true
On rotting logs, one may find slime molds.
true
Fish may have parasites called water molds.
D.
Protozoa can get their food by
A. eating algae.
B. eating dead organic material.
C. preying on other organisms and engulfing and digesting them.
D. all of the above.
C.
Which of the following is not a class of protozoa?
A. flagellate
B. sporozoan
C. bacteria
D. amoeboid
B.
The type of protozoan that uses psuedopods (false feet) to move is
A. a ciliate protozoan.
B. an amoeboid protozoan.
C. a sporozoan.
D. an algae.
D.
Algae are considered plant-like because
A. they have roots, stems, and leaves.
B. they are often unicellular.
C. they eat dead organic matter.
D. they have chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis.
A.
The common feature shared by dinoflagellates, euglenids, green algae, and red algae is that they
A. all have chlorophyll.
B. all are multicelluar organisms.
C. never carry out photosynthesis.
D. all of the above
B.
Fungus-like protists have
A. cell walls made of cellulose.
B. cell walls made of chitin.
C. chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
D. none of the above.
C.
Slime molds will start to swarm when
A. the sun is out.
B. it is a full moon.
C. food is scarce.
D. there is a lot of pollen in the air.
A.
Water molds are
A. a type of fungus-like protist.
B. a type of animal-like protist.
C. found only in the ocean.
D. found only in Australia.
i. protozoa
animal-like protists
h. predator
an organism that hunts living organisms and consumes them as food
g. kelp
multicellular seaweed
j. slime mold
fungus-like protist typically found on decaying organic matter such as rotting logs
e. flagellate
an organism that uses flagella for motility
b. amoeboid
an organism that uses psuedopods for motility
c. ciliate
an organism that uses cilia for motility
f. herbivore
an organism that consumes plants
l. water mold
fungus-like protist typically found on surface water and moist soil
k. sporozoa
type of protozoa that cannot move in the adult stage
a. algae
plant-like protists
d. decomposers
an organism that gets food from dead organic matter
sporozoan
Plasmodium, the organism that causes malaria, is the ___________ type of protozoan.
water mold
Some members of the __________ group of protists infect plants and destroy crops such as potatoes, corn, grapes, and lettuce.
slime mold
When food is scarce, cells of the __________ group of protists swarm together and crawl as a mass, ingesting any food they find along the way.
protozoa
The __________ are animal-like protists.
flagellate
The __________ protozoa use flagella to move.
kelp
The __________ are multicellular seaweeds that can grow as large as some trees.
algae
__________ are the unicellular protists that can carry out photosynthesis.
predators
__________ capture and engulf prey.
amoeboid
The __________ protozoa uses psuedopods to move.
herbivores
__________ eat algae.
decomposers
___________ eat dead organic matter.
ciliate
The __________ protozoa use cilia for motility.
false
Fungi are a kingdom in the domain Prokarya.
true
Mushrooms are fungi.
true
Yeasts are fungi.
false
Amoeba are fungi.
false
Fungi spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state.
false
Fungi have cell walls made of cellulose, just like plants do.
true
Many fungi grow as hyphae.
false
Most fungi reproduce only by sexual reproduction.
false
A fungal spore is a diploid cell produced by meiosis of the parent cell.
true
Fungal spores can be transported by wind, water, and even by traveling on other organisms.
true
A yeast cell produced by budding off of a parent cell is genetically identical to the parent cell.
true
Mating of two haploid fungal hyphae produces a diploid zygospore.
true
Fungi first colonized land at about the same time as plants did.
true
In general, fungi are able to move themselves around.
true
Baker’s yeast is a fungus.
A.
The thread-like filaments of fungi are called
A. hyphae.
B. spores.
C. zygospores.
D. chitin.
C.
The largest known fungus is
A. in the Sahara desert and is 3 square feet.
B. in Antarctica and covers the entire surface of the continent.
C. in Oregon and covers 8.9 square kilometers.
D. none of the above.
A.
When environmental conditions are favorable, ________ is generally more beneficial for a fungal species.
A. asexual reproduction
B. sexual reproduction
C. moving to a new location
D. stopping reproduction completely
C.
Sexual reproduction of fungi involves
A. production of genetically identical offspring.
B. fusion of six haploid parent cells to form one giant cell.
C. fusion of two haploid parent cells to form a zygospore.
D. fusion of two diploid parent cells to form a tetraploid spore.
A.
Germination of a diploid zygospore followed by meiosis produces
A. four haploid cells.
B. four diploid cells.
C. two diploid cells.
D. a yeast bud.
D.
The earliest fungi evolved
A. independently from thousands of different ancestors.
B. at least 600 million years ago.
C. before prokaryotes.
D. after the first humans appeared on the earth.
B.
One way that fungi are similar to plants is
A. they both have cell walls made of cellulose.
B. they both carry out photosynthesis.
C. they both move rapidly from place to place.
D. none of the above.
B.
The phylum of fungi that is found in Antarctica, is often part of a symbiotic relationship, and is found in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world is
A. protozoa.
B. ascomycota.
C. algae.
D. water mold.
f. fungi
a kingdom whose members include mushrooms
g. hyphae
thread-like filaments consisting of haploid cells connected end-to-end and which can form branches
d. diploid
having two copies of each kind of chromosome (2n)
h. meiosis
two sequential cell divisions producing four cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
i. mitosis
the general name for cell division in all organisms that produces cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
l. zygospore
a diploid spore formed by fusion of two haploid cells
c. chitin
the material that makes up the cell wall of fungi
b. cellulose
the material that makes up the cell wall of fungi
j. mycelium
a mass of fungal hyphae
a. budding
a form of asexual reproduction in yeast
k. spore
a reproductive cell specialized for dispersal and survival in harsh environmental conditions
e. haploid
having one copy of each kind of chromosome (n)
zygospore
Fusion of two haploid fungal cells produces a __________.
fungi
__________is the kingdom whose members include baker’s yeast and mushrooms.
hyphae
Many fungi can make thread-like filaments called __________, which consists of haploid cells aligned end-to-end and which may form branches.
meiosis
Haploid cells can be formed via __________ of a diploid zygospore.
mitosis
A haploid offspring cell is produced by __________ of a haploid parent cell.
spores
A puffball mushroom releases __________ into the air when it is disturbed.
mycelium
A __________ is a mass of fungal hyphae.
diploid
A __________ cell is said to have 2n number of chromosomes.
haploid
A __________ cell is said to have n number of chromosomes.
cellulose
The cell wall of a growing plant cell is of made primarily of __________.
chitin
The cell wall of a fungus is made of __________.
budding
Yeast can reproduce asexually by __________, a process in which a bleb-like extension pinches off from the parent cell.
false
Fungi make chlorophyll.
false
Fungi carry out photosynthesis.
true
Fungi are heterotrophs.
true
Most fungi use dead organisms as their food.
true
When fungi break down dead organic matter, nutrients are also released, and these nutrients can be used by other living organisms.
false
In all parasitic relationships involving fungi, the fungi are attacked by an animal parasite.
true
Fungi make enzymes that help break down organic compounds.
false
Bacteria, but not fungi, can break down the cellulose in plant cell walls.
true
Fungi use their hyphae to access organic matter not reachable to other organisms.
false
Fungi are the primary producers of carbon-containing compounds in forests.
false
A mycorrhiza is a parasitic relationship between a plant and a fungus.
true
A lichen is a mutualistic relationship between a photosynthetic organism (such as a cyanobacterium) and a fungus.
true
Lichens are often found on rocks.
true
Some fungi make antibiotics such as penicillin.
true
Human hormones such as insulin can be produced by genetically engineered fungi.
C.
Fungi are ________ like ________.
A. autotrophs, plants
B. autotrophs, animals
C. heterotrophs, animals
D. heterotrophs, plants
B.
Saprotrophs get their food
A. by doing photosynthesis.
B. from absorbing dead organic matter.
C. by engulfing living organisms .
D. by eating live plants.
A.
Some of the nutrients that plants absorb from the soil
A. are released into the soil from dead organic matter by fungi.
B. are cellulose and lignin.
C. are saprotrophs engulfed by the plant’s leaves.
D. none of the above
D.
Fungal hyphae
A. are long filaments that aid in absorption of water and minerals.
B. can penetrate deep into organic matter.
C. release enzymes that can digest organic matter such as cellulose and lignin.
D. all of the above
B.
Parasitic fungi
A. help their host.
B. harm their host.
C. carry out photosynthesis.
D. make lignin.
C.
Mycorrhiza is
A. a parasitic relationship between a plant and an animal.
B. a mutualistic relationship between a plant and an animal.
C. a mutualistic relationship between a plant and a fungus.
D. a parasitic relationship between a plant and a fungus.
D.
A lichen is
A. a parasitic relationship between a plant and an animal.
B. a parasitic relationship between a plant and a fungus.
C. a mutualistic relationship between an animal and a fungus.
D. a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism.
B.
Penicillin is
A. an antibiotic produced by plants.
B. an antibiotic produced by a fungus.
C. a parasite of some insects.
D. a mutualism between a fungus and an animal.
g. lichen
a mutualism between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism (an algae or a cyanobacterium)
k. saprotroph
a type of fungus that gets its food from dead organisms
i. mutualism
a relationship between two organisms that helps both organisms
j. parasitism
a relationship between two organisms in which one is helped and the other is harmed
d. fungi
a kingdom whose members include yeasts, mushrooms, and molds
l. yeast
a kind of fungus used by humans in making bread and beer
h. mycorrhiza
a mutualism between a fungus and the roots of a plant
a. autotroph
an organism that can make its own food
e. heterotroph
an organism that cannot make its own food and gets food made by other organisms
c. decomposer
an organism that gets organic compounds from dead organisms
b. cellulose
a carbon-containing molecule that is the main building block of plant cells walls
f. hyphae
long, thin, often branching filaments made of fungal cells; helps with absorption of water and nutrients
heterotroph
A __________ is an organism that cannot make its own food and gets food made by other organisms.
mutualism
__________ is a relationship between two organisms that helps both organisms.
fungi
The kingdom of __________ includes members such as yeasts, mushrooms, and molds.
cellulose
__________ is the main building block of plant cells walls.
mycorrhizae
__________ is a mutualism between a fungus and the roots of a plant.
hyphae
Long, thin, often branching filaments made of fungal cells that help with absorption of water and nutrients are called __________.
autotroph
An organism that can make its own food is an __________.
decomposer
An organism that gets organic compounds from dead organisms is called a __________.
yeast
__________ is a kind of fungus used by humans in making bread and beer.
saprotroph
A __________ is a type of fungus that gets its food from dead organisms.
parasitism
__________ is a a relationship between two organism in which one is helped and the other is harmed.
lichen
A __________ is a mutualism between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism (an algae or a cyanobacterium).
false
Of all the protists, algae cause the most disease in humans.
false
Mutualistic relationships between protists and humans cause harm to human health.
true
Sleeping sickness is a disease caused by a protozoan, which is an animal-like protist.
true
Diseases such as sleeping sickness and Chagas disease are spread to humans by insects.
false
The work of thousands of researchers at the same time was needed to discover what caused Chagas disease.
true
One definition of vector is a living organism that transfers a disease-causing organism to a host.
false
Without treatment, Chagas disease always goes away by itself.
false
Giardia are fungi with many hyphae.
true
Symptoms of giardiasis include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever.
true
Protozoa in the genus Plasmodium cause malaria.
false
Malaria is spread only when people drink contaminated water.
false
Symptoms of malaria include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and increased energy.
false
Malaria is common in the United States in the 21st Century.
false
It is easy to tell if a mushroom is poisonous just by looking at it.
true
Ringworm, a skin disease that shows itself as a ring-shaped rash, is caused by a fungus.
A.
Humans can catch giardiasis by _______________________ the Giardia parasite.
A. drinking water contaminated with
B. breathing air containing
C. not having any contact with
D. all of the above
D.
Humans who live in ________ are at risk for getting malaria.
A. Alaska
B. Norway
C. Florida
D. Mexico
B.
Puffball mushrooms
A. are highly toxic.
B. are edible.
C. grow only in areas where there is malaria.
D. often cause hallucinations when eaten.
B.
Infection with Candida is life-threatening most often
A. in all people.
B. in people with immune systems that don’t work well.
C. when it infects the mouth.
D. none of the above
C.
The second most common skin disease in the United States is
A. mushroom poisoning.
B. ringworm.
C. athlete’s foot.
D. mold allergy.
D.
Symptoms of an allergy to mold may include
A. coughing.
B. trouble breathing.
C. sneezing.
D. all of the above.
B.
Allergies to mold
A. are very rare in humans.
B. are very common in humans.
C. occur only in children under two years old.
D. occur only in adults over 65 years old.
D.
Mold can grow
A. indoors.
B. outdoors.
C. only in deserts.
D. a and b
d. fungi
a kingdom including yeast, mushrooms, and molds
b. candiasis
technical name for a yeast infection caused by Candida fungi
f. malaria
a disease spread by mosquitoes infected with a protozoan parasite
g. Plasmodium
the group of protozoa that causes malaria
j. ringworm
a fungal skin infection typified by a ring-shaped rash
c. Chagas disease
an infection caused by a Trypanosoma parasite and spread by an insect known as the “kissing bug”
k. Trypanosoma
a group that includes protozoa with flagella that cause sleeping sickness
a. athlete’s foot
an infection, most often in between the toes, by Trichophyton fungi
l. vector
a general name for an organism that can transmit a disease to humans
i. protozoa
animal-like protists
h. protist
a group of eukaryotic organisms including algae, slime molds, and protozoa
e. giardiasis
a disease caused by a flagellate protozoan and transmitted through water or feces contaminated with this protozoan
vector
Mosquitoes are the _________ that transmits the Plasmodium protozoa that cause malaria.
TrypanosomaPlasmodium
A __________ spreads Chagas disease via an insect vector.
Ringworm
__________ is a common skin disease typified by a ring-shaped rash.
fungi
Mushrooms, yeast, and mold are all __________.
Protists
Algae, slime molds, water molds, and protozoa are all __________.
Candidiasis
__________ is a common yeast infection.
Malaria
__________ is a disease spread by a mosquito vector.
Protozoa
___________ are animal-like protists.
Athlete’s Foot
The second most common skin disease is __________.
giardiasis
People can get __________ by drinking water contaminated by this flagellated protozoan parasite.
Plasmodium
__________ protozoa cause malaria.
Chagas disease
A sometimes deadly disease spread by the “kissing bug” is __________.
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