Question |
Answer |
abortion |
condition that causes a pregnant female to lose her baby |
alfalfa |
hay high in protein |
alveoli |
tiny structures within the udder where nutrients are converted to milk |
anthelmintics |
dewormer medications used to control parasites |
back rubbers |
equipment used to allow cows to rub their back on a rolling bar that applies fly control chemicals |
back grounding system |
production system that raises calves to market size for profit |
banding |
method of castrating male livestock by using a tight rubber band placed over the testicle area to cut off circulation and cause the tissue to fall off |
Bang's disease |
common name for brucellosis |
beef cattle |
cows specifically eased for meat |
bloat |
air ingested into the stomach causing the stomach to swell |
bovine |
veterinary term for cow |
Bovine Viral diarrhea |
virus in cattle causing diarrhea and respiratory signs |
branding |
the use of extreme heat or cold temperatures to mark the skin with a number of symbol |
brucellosis |
reproductive disease of mammals passed through breeding practices |
bull |
adult male cattle of breeding age |
calf |
young newborn cattle of either gender |
California Mastitis Test |
test used to diagnose and measure the level of cell infection within the mammary glands |
calving |
the labor process of cows |
campylobacter |
bacterial infection that affects the intestinal tract or reproductive tract in cattle |
castration |
surgical removal of the testicles to prevent reproduction |
caustic |
chemicals used to butn horn buds to prevent horn growth |
cold housing |
building with no heat where air circulates out moisture and usually houses the entire herd as a group |
colostrum |
antibodies produced in the first 24 hours of the mother's milk to protect the immune system of the calf |
commercial business |
grade type of cow that is a mixed breed |
concentrates |
mixtures of food high in energy and fat |
conformation |
the body's shape and form |
cow |
adult female cow of breeding age |
cow kicking |
the direction of cows kicking to the side with their rear legs |
cow calf system |
production system that raises cattle to breed them as adults |
creep feeders |
equipment used to feed young calves that prevents adult cattle from eating the food |
culled |
to remove from the herd |
cutability |
quality and quantity of meat from a beef animals |
dairies |
buildings where cows are milked |
dairy cattle |
cows raised specifically for milk |
dam |
mother or female parent |
dehorning |
process of remoiving the horns to prevent injury to people and other animals |
DHI program |
Dairy Herd Improvement program that maintains records of dairy herd information |
displaced abomasum |
condition in cattle that causes the stomach to rotate out of place |
DNA testing |
blood or hair samples used to identify an animal's parents |
dry cow period |
time that milk production is stopped to allow the reproductive system to rest |
dual purpose breed |
breed the serves more than one purpose, in the case of cattle, both milk and meat producing breed |
ear marking |
notches made on the edges of the ear flaps to identify cattle |
ear tag identification |
tags with numbers applied to the ears by piercing the ear flap |
elastrator |
instrument used to stretch bands over the testicles for castration |
emasculator |
surgical tool used to cut the spermatic cord during a castration procedure |
family sized herd |
a group of fewer that 100 head of cattle |
feedlot size |
the ideal weight of calves that increases size and profit |
finishing system |
production system that produces a calf through the entire adult stage and then sold as meat or for breeding |
forager |
animal that eats grass and pasture |
free choice |
food that is given in large quantities and available at all times |
freemartin |
adult cow that is sterile and now able to reproduce |
freshening |
the labor process of dairy animals |
genetic flaws |
undesired traits of characteristics passed from one or both parents to the offspring |
gestation cycle |
length of pregnancy |
grass tetany |
condition in cattle due to eating rich pasture high in nitrogen gases, causes abdominal pain |
halter |
equipment that fits over the head and is used to control the animal |
heifer |
young female cow that has not yet been bred |
herd |
group of cattle |
herd health manager |
person that maintains the records and and health care of a herd of cattle |
horn bud |
area of horn growth on top of the head |
hypocalcemia |
milk fever, condition causing low blood calcium |
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis |
respiratory virus affecting cattle, commonly called red nose |
infertility |
not capable of reproducing |
insecticides |
sprays and pour on chemicals used to control flies and other insects |
ketosis |
condition in dairy cattle that causes low blood sugar |
lactation |
the process of milk production |
large size herd |
a group of more than 100 head of cattle |
lead |
rope that attaches to a halter and is used to walk an animal |
leptospirosis |
bacterial disease transmitted in urine of infected animals |
liquid manure system |
costly waste removal system used on large farms and requires above or below ground storage tanks with water added for ease of pumping |
manure |
waste material high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium |
marbling |
appearance of intramuscular fat within the meat |
market weight |
adult weight of cattle when they are sold for beef |
mastitis |
inflammation of the mammary gland |
metabolic disease |
conditions that cause a chemical change within the body, usually from stres |
microchips |
electronic identification in a computer chip placed under the skin |
milk fever |
low blood calcium condition called hypocalcemia |
milking herd |
group of cattle used to produce high quality amounts of milk |
nasal septum |
cartilage between the nostrils |
neck tag identification |
tag with numbers worn around the neck of cows to identify them |
nose printing |
methods similar to finger printing in which the lines of the nose are imprinted for identification |
nose tongs |
equipment placed in the nasal septum to apply pressure and allow leading |
offspring |
young animals produced by male and female animal |
palatability |
how well food tasts and is eaten |
pedigree |
the parents and breeding lines of animal's offspring |
polled |
no horn growth |
predicted transmitting ability |
how well food tastes and is eaten |
progeny |
offspring |
purebred business |
registered breed of cattle that has pedigrees |
pushing |
moving cattle by walking toward them quietly and calmly so they move away into another area |
quarters |
sections of the mammary glands that store milk |
reefing |
restraint procedure using rope to place a cow on the ground for restraint |
retained placenta |
reproductive condition in female animals where the afterbirth materials have not passed within eight hours after labor |
roughage |
hay or grass source fed to livestock and ruminants |
selection guidelines |
set of rules that state the standards of the type of cow and how it is chosen for a production program |
sepsis |
conditions when toxins enter the bloodstream causing a severe infection |
silos |
tall storage buildings that keep food free of moisture |
sire |
male parent |
slough |
tissue that dies and falls off |
solid manure system |
waste material system low in cost where manure is collected and removed ona daily basis and store on a pile away from cattle |
sound |
showing not signs of lameness or injury |
springing heifer |
young female cow that is pregnant with the first calf |
square knot |
knot tie looped into a square and used to tie and untie cattle easily |
squeeze chute |
cage like structure made of metal pipes that holds a cow and prevents the cow from kicking during restraint |
stanchion |
head gate that holds the head of a cow in place during restraint |
starter food |
easily digestible food for calves as they begin eating |
steer |
castrated male cattle |
tail switch restraint |
restraint method of twisting the tail at the base to prevent a cow from kicking and moving |
tattoos |
numbers applied to the skin using an electronic needle with ink |
teats |
sections of the mammary gland used to produce milk |
total herd |
cows that have replacement heifers when the adult cows become too old to continue milk production and breeding |
total mix ration |
nutrients needed daily within a mixture of high quality products |
udders |
mammary glands in dairy animals that produce milk |
warm housing |
heated building that holds cattle in the winter and is insulated with individual stalls for each cow |