Chapter 19 - Organic Chem

1
How many carbon atoms compose methane?
CH4
What is the condensed structural formula of methane?
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2
How many carbon atoms compose ethane?
CH3CH3
What is the condensed structural formula of ethane?
3
How many carbon atoms compose propane?
CH3CH2CH3
What is the condensed structural formula of propane?
4
How many carbon atoms compose butane?
CH3CH2CH2CH3
What is the condensed structural formula of butane?
5
How many carbon atoms compose pentane?
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
What is the condensed structural formula of pentane?
6
How many carbon atoms compose hexane?
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
What is the condensed structural formula of hexane?
7
How many carbon atoms compose heptane?
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
What is the condensed structural formula of heptane?
8
How many carbon atoms compose octane?
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
What is the condensed structural formula of octane?
9
How many carbon atoms compose nonane?
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
What is the condensed structural formula of nonane?
10
How many carbon atoms compose decane?
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
What is the condensed structural formula of decane?
organic chemistry
What is the study of compounds containing carbon?
saturated compound
What type of compound is where all carbon atoms have four single bonds?
unsaturated compound
What type of compound is where at least one carbon atom has a double or triple bond?
functional groups
What are groups with specific behavioral characteristics in organic compounds referred to as?
hydrocarbons
What are organic compounds that ONLY contain carbon and hydrogen atoms?
aliphatic
What are hydrocarbons WITHOUT benzene rings in the chemical structure?
aromatic
What are hydrocarbons WITH benzene rings in the chemical structure?
fossil fuels
What are the principal sources of hydrocarbons?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for non-cyclic alkanes?
4
Carbon can form how many single bonds?
3
Nitrogen can form how many single bonds?
2
Oxygen can form how many single bonds?
1
Hydrogen and halogens can form how many single bonds?
isomers
What are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas referred to as?
2
How many isomers does butane (C4H10) have?
3
How many isomers does pentane (C5H12) have?
5
How many isomers does hexane (C6H14) have?
9
How many isomers does heptane (C7H16) have?
methyl
CH3-
ethyl
CH3CH2-
propyl
CH3CH2CH2-
butyl
CH3CH2CH2CH2-
pentyl
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2-
hexyl
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-
alkyl groups
This group is a piece of a molecule with the general formula CnH2n+1, where n is some integer.
R=CnH2n+1
General formula for alkyl groups
alkane
CH3CH3
alkene
H2C=CH2
alkyne
HC=CH
alkyl halide
CH3CH2Cl
alcohol
CH3CH2OH
ether
CH3OCH3
aldehyde
CH3CHO
ketone
CH3COCH3
carboxylic acid
CH3COOH
ester
CH3COOCH3
amide
CH3CONH2
amine
CH3CH2NH2
109.5
Carbon tetrahedral bonding angle
120
Hydrogen bonding angle with double bonded carbon atoms
180
Hydrogen bonding angle with triple bonded carbon atoms
linear
Name for molecule with triple bonded carbon atoms
cycloalkanes
What are alkanes with the general formula C2H2n?
strained
Cyclopropane and cyclobutane have higher reactivity because their bonds are _____.
cyclopropane
C3H6
triangular
What is the shape of cyclopropane?
cyclobutane
C4H8
square
What is the shape of cyclobutane?
cyclopentane
C5H10
pentagonal
What is the shape of cyclopentane?
cyclohexane
C6H12
hexagonal
What is the shape of cyclohexane?
18
How many isomers does octane (C8H18) have?
35
How many isomers does nonane (C9H20) have?
75
How many isomers does decane (C10H22) have?
oxidized
When carbon atoms are ____ they often form additional bonds to oxygen.
reduction
When carbon atoms form additional bonds to hydrogen, ____ occurs.
substitution
____ is the exchange of one atom for another at the carbon atom.
addition
____ is a reaction where two reactants join to form a single product.
elimination
____ is the splitting of a single reactant into two products.
combustion
In alkane reactions, oxidation is also known as ____.
halogenation
In alkane reactions, substitution is also known as ____.
dehydrogenation
In alkane reactions, elimination is also known as ____.
cracking
In alkane reactions, decomposition is also known as ____.
isomerization
In alkane reactions, rearrangement is also known as ____.
alkyl halides
____ are compounds that have an X (where, X = -Fl, -Cl, -Br, or -I) attached to a carbon atom. RX is the general formula.
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