Chapter 24: Viruses Review Sheet

Viruses are considered nonliving because
a. they cannot reproduce by themselves
b. they are not made up of cells
c. they cannot carry out metabolism by themselves
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The study of viruses is a part of biology because
a. they belong to the kingdom Eubacteria
b. they are about to become extinct
c. they are living organisms
d. they are active inside living cells
d. they are active inside living cells
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Biologists now know that viruses
a. are the smallest organisms
b. consist of a protein surrounded by a nucleic acid coat
c. contain RNA or DNA in a protein or lipid-protein coat
d. all form the same crystalline shape
c. contain RNA or DNA in a protein or lipid-protein coat
The capsid of a virus is the
a. protective outer coat
b. cell membrane
c. nucleus
d. cell wall and membrane complex
a. protective outer coat
Viruses are classified according to
a. whether they contain RNA or DNA
b. the shape of their genome
c. whether they have membrane envelope
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
All viruses have
a. cytoplasm
b. ribosomes
c. mitochondria
d. none of the above
d. none of the above
Tobacco mosaic virus
a. is able to be crystallized
b. causes disease in tobacco plants
c. is smaller than bacterium
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Scientists first began to study viruses because they
a. were seen through a microscope
b. could not be seen but caused disease
c. formed crystals
d. were made of cells
b. could not be seen but caused disease
Viruses that use reverse transcriptase to cause their host cells to transcribe DNA from an RNA
a. bacteriophages
b. antibodies
c. retroviruses
d. capsoviruses
c. retroviruses
Which of the following contains only RNA?
a. a prion
b. a virus
c. a viroid
d. all of the above
c. a viroid
Unlike viruses, prions
a. are capable of reproducing outside of a host cell
b. are composed only of protein
c. can cause brain infections
d. can be treated with antibiotics
b. are composed only of protein
A typical virus consists of
a. protein coat and a cytoplasm core
b. a carbohydrate coat and nucleic acid core
c. a protein coat and a nucleic acid core
d. a polysaccharide coat and a nucleuc acid core
c. a protein coat and a nucleic acid core
Viruses
a. are cellular organisms
b. reproduce only in living cells
c. have nuclei and organelles
d. are surrounded by a polysaccharide coat
b. reproduce only in living cells
Animal viruses often infect only specific host cells because
a. the virus must have the same DNA as the host cell
b. the host cell must have specific receptors for proteins on the virus surface
c. viruses have receptors for host cell glycoproteins
d. the enzymes of the virus can attach only to specific host cells
b. the host cell must have specific receptors for proteins on the virus surface
In which cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become integrated into the host cell’s DNA?
a. lyctic
b. lysogenic
c. neither lytic nor lysogenic
d. both lytic and lysogenic
b. lysogenic
Antiobiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a. host cells protect the viruses
b. viruses have enzymes that inactivate the antibiotics
c. antibiotics interfere with cellular processes that viruses do not perform
d. viral protein coats block the antibiotics from entering the virus
c. antibiotics interfere with cellular processes that viruses do not perform
Which of the following is not a viral disease of humans?
a. hepatitis
b. SARS
c. shingles
d. all of the above are viral diseases of humans
d. all of the above are viral diseases of humans
Which of the following is not linked to cancer?
a. Ebola virus
b. human papillomavirus
c. hepatitis B virus
d. Epstein-Barr virus
a. Ebola virus
Which of the following human activities is most closely related with the emergence of viruses not previously seen in humans?
a. absence of a vaccination program
b. crowded living conditions
c. clearing of forests for housing
d. eating uncooked meat
c. clearing of forests for housing
Most scientists think that early viruses originated from
a. other viruses
b. existing cell parts
c. animals
d. spontaneous generation
b. existing cell parts
HIV causes AIDS by
a. converting a proto-oncogene to an oncogene
b. damaging a person’s blood vessels
c. destroying the covering of a person’s nerves
d. gradually destroying a person’s immune system
d. gradually destroying a person’s immune system
Which of the following is not a vector of viral diseases?
a. mosquitoes
b. ticks
c. prions
d. humans
c. prions
Which of the following has been the most successful at fighting viral diseases?
a. vaccination
b. vector control
c. drug therapy
d. both a and b
d. both a and b
Most scientists believe that viruses first appeared on Earth _______ living cells appeared.
a. after
b. a very long time before
c. at the exact time when
d. immediately before
a. after
The protein coat of a virus is called a(n) ____________.
capsid
Viruses can vary in size and _________.
shape
A virus that transcribes DNA from an RNA template is called a(n) _______________.
retrovirus
An enzyme called _____________________ manufactures DNA that is complementary to a virus’s RNA.
reverse transcriptase
______________________ are viruses that infect bacteria and have a polyhedral head and a helical tail.
Bacteriophages
All viruses reproduce by taking over the reproductive machinery of a(n) __________.
cell
Viruses that infect a host cell and have their nucleic acid replicated but not harm the host cell are in a(n) ______________ cycle.
lysogenic
Some viruses are thought to induce ___________, a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
cancer
In the _______ cycle, viruses destroy the host cell.
lytic
Chickenpox and ____________ are caused by the same virus.
shingles
A) Explain why viruses are not considered to be living organisms, and B) why are they nonetheless included in the study of biology.
A) Viruses are not alive because they lack some of the key characteristics of living organisms, such as a cytoplasm of organelles. They cannot carry out cellular functions such as metabolism and homeostasis. They do not grow as cells do by dividing in two and even though they have genetic material, they cannot reproduce outside their host cell. B) Viruses are included in the study of biology because they are active inside living cells.
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