| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abduction | movement away from the midline or the axis of the body |
| acetabulum | area of the pelvis where the femur attaches to form the hip joint |
| adduction | movement toward the midline or the axis of the body |
| appendicular skeleton | contains bones of the body that hang, the limbs or appendages |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints |
| atlas | the first cervical vertebrae located at the base of the brain that allows for up and down motions of the head |
| axial skeleton | contains bones of the body that lie perpendicular or lengthwise |
| axis | second cervical vertebrae that allows for rotation and shaking of the head |
| ball and socket | joint that rotates in numerous directions |
| bone | hard, active tissue that consists mostly of calcium and forms the skeleton of the body, gives body support, structure, and protection |
| bone marrow | fluid within the medullary cavity where blood cells are produced |
| bone plate | surgical steel plate placed around a fractured bone that holds the bone together with surgical scres |
| callus | cartilage that rebuilds and thickens over a fractured bone that has healed |
| cancellous bone | sponge like, softer layer of bone located inside the ends of bone |
| cannon | long bones in hoofed animals located above the ankle joint |
| carpal | lower leg that is similar to the wrist |
| carpus | joint formed by several carpal bones and arranged in two rows in the area of the wrist |
| cartilage | forms at the ends of bones to protect and cushion the bone |
| cartilage joint | connects at the end of a joint where two bones meets and acts as a cushion |
| cast | material made of a hard substance and placed over a broken bone to keep the bone in place as it heals |
| cerclage wire | surgical wire used to hold fragments of broken bone together while healing |
| cervical | first section of the spinal column located over the neck area |
| coccygeal | last section of the vertebrae that lies over the tail area |
| comminuted fracture | bone breaks in several different locations and causes fragments |
| compact bone | thick tissue that forms the outer layer of bone |
| compound fracture | a break in the bone that causes the bone to break through and penetrate the skin |
| cranial drawer sign | in and out movement or motion of the knee when the cruciate ligament is torn |
| cruciate ligament tear | common knee injury to large breed dogs that tears the ligament over the patella |
| dewclaw | the short inside bone that forms the first digit that acts as an opposable thumb |
| dislocation | a bone that complete moves out of place |
| endosteum | thin connective tissue covering inner bone |
| extension | bending causing the joint to open and lengthen |
| femur | large upper bone of the rear leg, thigh bone |
| fibrous joint | fixed joint with little or no movement |
| fibula | small bone that lies in the lower rear leg and in the back of the limb |
| flexion | bending causing the joint to close and shorten |
| forelimb | the front leg of an animal |
| fracture | broken bone |
| growth plate | area of bone in young animals that allows the bones to grow and mature as the animal ages and the cartilage turns to bone |
| hinge | joint that opens and closes |
| hip dysplasia | common genetic condition of large breed dogs where the ball and socket joint of the femur and pelvis becomes diseased |
| hock | common term for the point of the rear leg where the tibia and fibula meet |
| humerus | large upper bone of the forelimb |
| ilium | first section of the pelvis |
| IM pin | intramedullary pin |
| intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) | common injury of the back in long backed breeds where inflammation and swelling occur when one vertebrae puts pressure on another |
| intramedually pin | stainless steel pin or rod placed into the center of a broken bone to keep the bone in place as it heals |
| ischium | section section of the pelvis |
| joints | where two bones meet and allows a bending motion |
| ligament | fibrous strands of tissue that attach bone to bone |
| loin | lower back or lumbar area |
| lumbar | third section of the vertebrae that lie over the lower back |
| luxation | a bone that comes completely out of place when broken |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| maxilla | upper jaw |
| medullary cavity | hollow center within bone where blood cells are produced |
| meniscus | ligament that lies directly over the patella and forms an x shape over the cruciate ligament |
| metacarpal | bones that form the long bones of the feet in the forelimbs |
| metatarsal | bones that form the long bones of the feet in the hind limb |
| muscle | structures located throughout the animal's body that attach to different locations and serve to protect, allow bending and movement, and aid in the strength of an animal |
| musculoskeletal system | body system consisting of bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments |
| olecranon | the elbow |
| ossification | the formation of bones |
| patella | knee cap that forms joint of the upper and lower rear leg |
| pelvic limb | rear leg of an animal |
| pelvis | hip bone |
| periosteum | thin connective tissue covering outer bone |
| phalanges | toes or digits |
| pivot | joint that rotates around a fixed point |
| pubis | third section of the pelvis |
| radius | larger bone of the front of the lower forelimb |
| rib | bone that attaches to individual thoracic vertebrae and protects the heart and lungs |
| sacral | the fourth section of the vertebrae that lies over the pelvic area |
| sacrum | area over the pelvis that is fused together and forms the highest point of the hip joint |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| simple fracture | a break in the bone that may be complete or incomplete, but does not break the skin, also known as a closed fracture |
| sinuses | small, open spaces of air located within the skull and nasal bones |
| skull | the bone that holds and protects the brain and head area |
| spinal column | extends from the base of the skull to the end of the tail and allows movement, also called the spine |
| spinal cord | canal of nerves that run through the center of the vertebrae located in the spinal column |
| splint | support applied to a broken bone with bandage and padding to allow a bone to heal |
| splint bone | two small bones on the back of a horse's cannon bone that may become inflammed from large amounts of work and stress on the legs |
| sternum | breastbone that protects the organs of the chest |
| subluxate | bone partially out of place |
| suture | where two fibrous joints meet, fine line where little or no movement occurs |
| synovial joint | moveable joint in the area where two joints meet |
| tarsal | the point of the rear leg where the tibia and fibula meet, ankle area |
| tarsus | joint of the ankle of the rear limb |
| tendon | fibrous strands of tissue that attach bone to muscle |
| thoracic | second section of the vertebrae located over the chest area |
| tibia | larger bone in the lower rear leg and lies in front |
| ulna | small bone on the back of the lower forelimb |
| vertebrae | individual bones of the spine that surround and protect the spinal cord |
