Chapter 4 - 9e biology test

1) Which of the following is not a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
A) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
B) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.
C) They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan.
D) Their DNA is not associated with histones.
E) None of the above.

2) Which of the following is not true about a gram-positive cell wall?
A) It maintains the shape of the cell.
B) It is sensitive to lysozyme.
C) It protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.
D) It contains teichoic acids.
E) None of the above.

3) Which of the following best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a
solution containing 5% NaCl?
A) Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.
B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
C) Water will move out of the cell.
D) Water will move into the cell.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

4) The best definition of osmotic pressure is
A) The movement of solute molecules from a higher to a lower concentration.
B) The force with which a solvent moves across a semi-permeable membrane from a higher
to a lower concentration.
C) The movement of a substance across a semi-permeable membrane from a higher to a
lower concentration.
D) The active transport of a substance out of a cell to maintain equilibrium.
E) The movement of solute molecules from a lower to a higher concentration across a
semi-permeable membrane.

5) By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a
higher concentration?
A) Simple diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Extracellular enzymes
E) Any of the above

6) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the plasma membrane?
A) Maintains cell shape
B) Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
C) Contains proteins
D) The site of cell wall formation
E) Selectively permeable

7) All of the following are lacking a cell wall except
A) Protoplasts.
B) Fungi.
C) L forms.
D) Mycoplasmas.
E) Animal cells.

8) Which of the following statements is true?
A) Endospores are for reproduction.
B) Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes.
C) Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain.
D) A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing.
E) A cell can produce many endospores.

9) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum internal transport
B) Golgi complex secretion
C) Mitochondria ATP production
D) Centrosome food storage
E) Lysosome digestive enzymes

10) Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Golgi complex
D) Vacuole
E) Cell wall

11) In Figure 4.1, which drawing is a tetrad?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

12) In Figure 4.1, which drawing possesses an axial filament?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

13) In Figure 4.1, which drawing is streptococci?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

14) In Figure 4.1, which drawing is bacilli?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

15) Which of the following is generally not true of prokaryotic cells?
A) They have a semirigid cell wall.
B) They are motile by means of flagella.
C) They possess 80S ribosomes.
D) They reproduce by binary fission.
E) None of the above.

16) Which of the following is not true about gram-negative cell walls?
A) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.
B) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and
phospholipids.
C) They are toxic to humans.
D) They are sensitive to penicillin.
E) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.

17) Which of the following is not a structure found in prokaryotic cells?
A) Flagella
B) Axial filament
C) Cilia
D) Pili
E) Peritrichous flagella

18) Which of the following is not true about the glycocalyx?
A) It may be composed of polysaccharide.
B) It may be composed of polypeptide.
C) It may be responsible for virulence.
D) It is used to adhere to surfaces.
E) None of the above.

19) Which of the following is not a chemical component of a bacterial cell wall?
A) Cellulose
B) Peptidoglycan
C) Teichoic acids
D) Peptide chains
E) N-acetylmuramic acid

20) Which of the following is not part of the active transport process?
A) Plasma membrane
B) Transporter proteins
C) ATP
D) Cell wall
E) None of the above

21) Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2?
A) Peritrichous flagella
B) Amphitrichous flagella
C) Lophotrichous flagella
D) Monotrichous flagella
E) Axial filament

22) In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in
A) Chloroplasts.
B) Cytoplasm.
C) Chromatophores.
D) Mesosomes.
E) None of the above.

23) The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion
A) Can move materials from a higher to a lower concentration.
B) Can move materials from a lower to a higher concentration.
C) Requires ATP.
D) Requires transporter proteins.
E) Doesnʹt require ATP.

24) Possible functions of magnetosomes include all of the following except
A) Get cells to the North Pole.
B) Protect cells from hydrogen peroxide accumulation.
C) Composed of iron oxide.
D) Locate suitable environments.
E) None of the above.

25) Which of the following cell structures has a role in the initiation of disease?
A) Gram-positive cell wall
B) Lipid A
C) Cell membrane
D) Fimbriae
E) All of the above

26) Fimbriae and pili differ in that pili
A) Are composed of pilin.
B) Are composed of flagellin.
C) Are used to transfer DNA.
D) Are used for asexual reproduction.
E) Are used for attachment.

27) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-negative cell wall?
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Canʹt tell

28) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a toxic cell wall?
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Canʹt tell

29) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall has a wall that protects against osmotic lysis?
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Canʹt tell

30) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by acetone -alcohol?
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Canʹt tell

31) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)?
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Canʹt tell

32) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids?
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Canʹt tell

33) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains porins?
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Canʹt tell

34) Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell?
A) Flagella
B) Around organelles
C) Plasma membrane
D) Ribosomes
E) B and C

35) Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell?
A) Flagella
B) Around organelles
C) Plasma membrane
D) Ribosomes
E) B and C

36) All of the following can be found in mitochondria and prokaryotes except
A) Circular chromosome.
B) 70S ribosomes.
C) Cell wall.
D) Binary fission.
E) ATP-generating mechanism.

37) Found in archaea.
A) Pseudomurein
B) Sterol-rich cell membranes
C) Peptidoglycan
D) Nucleus
E) A and C

38) Found in mycoplasmas.
A) Pseudomurein
B) Sterol-rich cell membranes
C) Peptidoglycan
D) Nucleus
E) A and C

39) You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume
that the cell
A) Has 9 pairs + 2 flagella.
B) Has a mitochondrion.
C) Has a cell wall.
D) Lives in an extreme environment.
E) Has a nucleus.

40) What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in distilled water with lysozyme?
A) The cell will plasmolyze.
B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
C) Water will leave the cell.
D) Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

41) What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in 10% NaCl with penicillin?
A) The cell will plasmolyze.
B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
C) Water will enter the cell.
D) Penicillin will diffuse into the cell.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

42) Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
A) Metachromatic granules phosphate storage
B) Lipid inclusions energy reserve
C) Ribosomes protein storage
D) Sulfur granules energy reserve
E) Gas vacuoles flotation

43) All of the following are energy reserves except
A) Carboxysomes.
B) Polysaccharide granules.
C) Lipid inclusions.
D) Sulfur granules.
E) Metachromatic granules.

44) Which one of the following is not a functionally analogous pair?
A) Nucleus nuclear region
B) Mitochondria procaryotic plasma membrane
C) Chloroplasts thylakoids
D) Cilia pili
E) 9+2 flagella bacterial flagella

45) The bacteria on the outside of termite protozoa
A) Digest cellulose.
B) Steer the protozoan to food.
C) Are transient microbiota.
D) Propel the protozoan.
E) None of the above

Essay Questions
1) What is the importance of a phospholipid bilayer to living cells? Where is it in prokaryotic
cells?

2) Provide evidence to substantiate the hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic
cells.

3) Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a)
sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, (b) resistance to phagocytosis, (c) chemical composition,
and (d) decolorization by alcohol.

4) Group A, β hemolytic streptococci (ʺthe flesh-eating bacteriaʺ) rapidly spreads through the
human body by digesting the hyaluronic acid between cells. Label the plasma membrane
shown below to illustrate digestion of the polysaccharide, hyaluronic acid.

Add these labels to the diagram in the appropriate places:
hyaluronic acid (a polysaccharide); GluUA-GlcNAc (a disaccharide);
glucose (a monosaccharide); hyaluronidase (an exoenzyme);
hyaluronic acid transporter protein.