| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Genetics | the study of heredity and how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| When two alleles of a gene are the same, what is the genotype? | homozygous |
| Define Heredity | the passing on of traits from parents to offspring |
| Which factor blocks or covers up another genetic factor? | dominant factor |
| Which factor is blocked or seems to disappear? | recessive factor |
| Define Alleles | different forms of a gene |
| What tool can you use to trace traits through a family | pedigree |
| Define heterozygous | the genotype when two allelels of a gene are different |
| Which inheritance pattern combines the parents' phenotypes | incomplete dominance |
| Define phenotype | how a trait appears or is expressed |
| Which inheritance pattern occurs when multiple genes determine a trait | polygenic inheritance |
| How do parents pass their genetics traits to their offspring? | through reproductive cells |
| What are the 3 types of RNA? | messenger RNA transfer RNA ribosomal RNA |
| If parent A has genotype (AA) and parent B has genotype (aa). What genotypes will the offspring have? | All Aa |
| If parent A is heterozygous (Aa) and parent B is homozygous dominant (AA). What is the probability of the offspring inheriting the trait? | not possible The punnett square predicts the outcomes AA, AA, Aa, or Aa |
| If parent A has genotype (aa) and parent B is (AA). A is dominant. What trait will the offsping have? | certain that the offspring will have the dominant trait A The punnett square predicts all outcomes are Aa |
| 2 orange lizards mated and had 4 offspring. 3 baby lizards were orange and 1 was green. What are the parents' genotypes? | heterozyous for green skin, which is recessive |
| Define RNA | Protein are made with the help of RNA, a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| aa represents which genotype? | homozygous recessive genotype |
| How is eye color determined? | polygenic inheritance |
| What does a punnett square show? | all the ways that alleles can combine |
| List 3 external causes of mutations. | exposure to: x-rays ultraviolet light radioactive materials |
| Capital letters in punnett squares represent which type of alleles? | dominant |
| How many recessive traits need to be observed when recessive genetic factors are present in offspring? | 2 |
| What is a gene? | a segment of DNA on a chromosome |
| What plant did Gregor Medel use to study heredity? | hundreds of pea plants |
| Which genetic factor blocks another factor? | dominant trait |
| Define self-pollination | when pollen lands on the same plant |
| List 3 forms of mutations | insertion deletion substitution |
| Define heterozygous genotype | hetero means different example Aa |
| Define homozygous genotype | homo means same example AA or aa |
| List the Nitrogen bases that form the rungs of the ladder in DNA | adenine cytosine guanine thymine |
| What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? | genotype are the alleles phenotype is the physical appearance of traits |
| Which base bonds with Adenine? | Thymine |
| Which base bonds with Cytosine? | Guanine |
| A heterozygous yellow plant (Aa) is crossed with a homozygous red plant (aa). If yellow is the dominant allele and red is recessive, what color ratio with the offspring have? | 2 yellow: 2 red |
