1-
What is the change of an ion with 6 protons and 7 electrons?
2-
An atom gains two electrons to form an ion. What is the charge of this ion?
1-
What is the charge of an ion formed from an element with the electron configuration 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁵?
The atomic radius of Na is larger than the atomic radius of Na+
How does Na compare to Na+?
Element X will attract electrons more strongly than gallium
Compared to gallium (Ga) element X has a higher electronegativity. Which of the following is true of element X?
Yes, because there are more filled orbitals in bromine
Is the shielding effect likely to be greater in bromine than in chlorine?
Groups= more protons mean stronger pull to nucleus but because of shielding effect from other energy levels size increases
Periods= size decreases because stronger pull
Periods= size decreases because stronger pull
How does atomic size change within groups and across periods?
1) Formation of cation- endothermic
2) Formation of anion- mostly exothermic
3) electrostatic connection- exothermic
=ionic bond
2) Formation of anion- mostly exothermic
3) electrostatic connection- exothermic
=ionic bond
What are the steps of an ionic bond forming? Energy released through steps?
First ionization energy tend sto decrease from top to bottom within a group and increase from left to right across a period
How do first ionization energies vary within groups and across periods?
Cations= smaller than atom
Anions= larger than atom
Anions= larger than atom
Compare the size of ions to the size of the atoms from which they form.
In general. electronegativity values decrease from top to bottom within a group and for representative elements, increase from left to right across a period
How do electronegativity values vary within groups and across periods?
ns²np⁵
What should the electron configuration for an element in the halogen group should always end with what?
2
How many valence electrons are in a magnesium atom?
Loses one electron to form Li+
What ion does lithium form?
Cations= lose an electron
Anions= gain an electron
Anions= gain an electron
How do cations form? Anions?
Nonmetals gain electrons, metals lose electrons
Atoms of which elements tend to gain electrons? Atoms of which elements tend to lose electrons?
Copper (I) ion
What is the Stock system name for the Cu+ ion?
Sulfate ion
What is the name of the SO₄²⁻ ion?
Nitrate ion
What is the name of the NO₃⁻ ion?
PO₄³⁻
What is the chemical formula for the phosphate ion?
Nitride ion
What is the name of the N³⁻ ion?
Metal cations/ non metal anions= subtracting from group number
Transition metal cations= Stock system or determining the charge of the other element in the chemical compound and finding a balance
Transition metal cations= Stock system or determining the charge of the other element in the chemical compound and finding a balance
How can you determine the charges of metal cations? Non metal anions? Transition metal cations?
Unlike monatomic ions, a polyatomic ion is composed of more than one atom. But like a monatomic ion, a polyatomic ion behaves a unit and carries a charge
What are similarities and differences between polyatomic ions and monatomic ions?
Mg₃N₂
What is the chemical formula for magnesium nitride?
K²SO₄
What is the chemical formula for potassium sulfate?
Al₂O₃
What is the chemical formula for aluminum oxide?
Copper (I) Sulfate
What is the name of the ionic compound Cu²SO⁴?
Calcium Bromide
What is the name of the ionic compound CaBr²?
Iron (III) nitride
What is the name of the ionic compound FeN?
Magnesium phosphate
What is the name of the ionic compound Mg³(PO⁴)²?
Ammonium chloride
What is the name of the ionic compound NH₄Cl?
X= 2+ Y= 1-
The elements X and Y combine to form the ionic compound XY2. What are the charges of X and Y?
Copper (II) sulfide
What is the name of the ionic compound CuS?
Names end in -ite or -ate
-Contain oxygen
To write the formula for a compound with a polyatomic ion, 1st write the symbol (or formula) for the cation followed by the symbol (or formula) for the anion. Then add subscripts as needed to balance the charges
-Contain oxygen
To write the formula for a compound with a polyatomic ion, 1st write the symbol (or formula) for the cation followed by the symbol (or formula) for the anion. Then add subscripts as needed to balance the charges
How do you write the formulas and the names of compounds with polyatomic ions?
Whenever more than one polyatomic ion needed to balance the charges ni an ionic compound, use parentheses to set off the polyatomic ion in the formula
When do you use parentheses in writing a chemical formula?
9.52 mol
How many moles of carbon is 5.73 x 10²⁴ atoms of carbon?
3.42 x 10-4 mol
How many moles of copper is 2.06 x 10²⁰ atoms of copper?
3.01 x 10₂₄ atoms
How many atoms of Al are in 2.50 moles of Al₂(SO₄)₃?
1.20 x 10²⁴ atoms
How many atoms of H are in 0.250 moles of (NH₄)₂CO₃?
180.0 g/mol
What is the molar mass of C₆H₁₂O₆?
106.8 g/mol
What is the molar mass of Fe(OH)₃?
…
What do you need to know to convert among the count, mass, and volume of something?
*To calculate the molar mass of a compound, find the number of grams of each element in one mole of the compound. Then add the masses of the elements in the compound
How do you determine the molar mass of an element? How do you determine the molar mass of a compound?
atom of a group of atoms that has positive or negative charge
What are ions?
When electrons are transferred between atoms
When do ions form
Ion with a positive charge; written as a symbol and at the top the number of electrons lost and a plus sign
What is a cation and how is it written?
Ion with a negative charge; symbol and at the topc the number of electrons gained and minus sign
What is a anion and how is it written?
-ide
What ending do anions have?
Ions produced when atoms of chlorine and other halogens gain electrons
What are halide atoms?
Form cations with positive charges equal to their group number
What happens when the metals in Group 1A, 2A, 3A lose electrons?
Number of electrons lost
How are the charges of cations of many transition metals determined?
