Chemistry final chapter five sg

Properties
Mendeleev organized the chemical elements based on their
Period
A horizontal row in the periodic table is called an
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The physical and chemical properties of the elements are function of their atomic number
The periodic law states that
4
When a carbon atom is in its ground state, how many electrons does It have in its outermost shell?
Magnesium
Which of the following elements is most similar in behavior to calcium?
Group 3: alkali metals
Which periodic group of family of elements is not correctly match with its common family name?
Iron
Which of the following elements is a transition metal?
Group 1
All the alkali metal elements are found on the periodic table in
Electronegativity
A measure of the ability of an atom Ina chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound is called
Al
Which of the following elements has the greatest atomic radius?
As
Which of the following elements had the greatest ionization energy?
Ar
Which of the following elements had an electron affinity of 0/kJ/m
Noble gases
Which of the following elements have full outer energy levels when they are in the ground state?
H
Which of the following elements is not a metal?
Group 1
Which one of the following groups contains atoms that, in compounds, have the lowest attraction for electrons?
Fourth ionization energy
Which ionization energy is generally the largest?
Nonmetals and metals
The metalloids are located on the periodic table between
Properties
In his periodic table, Mendeleev did not list all of the elements in order of increasing atomic mass because he wanted to group together elements with similar
Noble gases
A new group was added to Mendeleev’s periodic table after the discovery of
Atomic number
Moseley discovered that elements with similar properties occurred at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing
Are less metallic
Compared with the elements at the left end of the p-block element group, the elements at the right end
Generally increases
As the atomic number increases within a group of elements, the atomic radius
Increases
For each successive electron Removed from an atom, the ionization energy
17
The halogens are located on the periodic table in group
2
The number of valence electrons for group 2 elements is
Lanthanides
The elements with atomic numbers from 58 through 71 in the periodic table are called the
Valence electrons
The electrons available to be gained, lost, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds are called
Electron affinity
The energy change when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom is called the _______ of the atom
Electronegatively
The measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from Another atom in the compound is called
Ionization energy
The energy required to remove one electron from an atom is called its
Atomic radius
One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together is the
Ion
An atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge is called an
Sodium has the largest atomic radius, all the other elements belong to group three, but sodium has the lowest atomic number and therefore the first element in period three, atomic radius decreases as you move from left to right across a period.
Of the following elements, which has the largest atomic radius- sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, and chlorine
In general, ionization energies of main group elements increase from left to right across a period and decrease down a group
Describe the general trends in ionization energies down a group and across a period.
Electron affinity and electronegative are related, therefore, atoms with a high negative electron affinity are the most electronegative
Why are elements with high electron affinities also the most electronegative?
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of there atomic numbers
State the periodic law
Elements of the s and p blocks
Main group elements
Elements that make up the f block
Lanthanides and actinides
Entire set of d block elements
Transition elements
Group 1 elements
Alkali metals
Group 17 elements
Halogens
Developed a standard method for measuring atomic masses
Stanislao Cannizzaro
Organized the elements according to increasing atomic mass and noticed similar properties
Dimitri Mendeleev
Discovered that nuclear charge, not mass, should be the basis for organizing the periodic table
Henry Moseley
They are full.
Why are gases relatively unreactive
Alkaline earth metals are stronger, harder and denser than alkali metals, they also have high melting points and are less reactive
How do properties of alkali earth metals compare with alkali metals?
Electrons used to combine with other elements
What are valence electrons and where are they located?
One, loose
Group one
Two, loose
Group two
Three, loose
Group thirteen
One, gain
Group seventeen
Neither
Group eighteen
Gold has the smaller atomic radius because atomic radii decrease across a period and gold is farthest to the right in the sixth period
Of Cs, Hf, Au, which element has the smallest atomic radius?
F, O, C, Li, Na, Rb
Arrange in decreasing electron affinities- C, O, Li, Na, Rb, and F
Ne, F, O, C, Li, K
Arrange in decreasing ionization energies- Li, O, C, K, Ne, and F
O, group sixteen
Which element is the most electronegative among C, N, O, Br and S
According to increasing atomic number
In the modern periodic table, elements are ordered
Atomic mass
Mendeleev noticed that certain similarities in the chemical properties of elements appeared at regular intervals when element were arranged in order of increasing
Group
The discovery of the noble gases changed Mendeleev’s periodic table by adding a new
Largely unreactive
The most distinctive property of the noble gases is that they are
Eleven
Lithium has an atomic number of three, the second element in this group has a atomic number of
9 protons, 10 neutrons
An isotope of fluorine has a mass number of 19 and an atomic number of 9, how many protons? Neutrons?
Plutonium
Element below samarium?
53, 131, iodine, F,CL, Br, At
Isotope has 53 protons, 78 neutrons, and 54 electrons, what is the atomic number, mass number, name, two other elements in the same group
Horizontal- period
Vertical- group
Which one is a group and which one is a period?
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom, the atomic mass is a weighted average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element
Difference between atomic mass and number?
Either absorbed or released
When an electron is added to a neutral atom, energy is
Neither absorbed nor released
The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom is the atoms
Negative
Electron affinity values tend to become more
Increase
Ionization energy values tend to
Smaller
Atomic radii tend to become
At
Name the halogen with the least negative electron affinity
Li
Name the alkali metal with the highest ionization energy
Ar
Name the element in period three with the smallest atomic radius
C
Name the group fourteen element with the largest electronegetivity
53, 127, atomic #
Consider the neutral atom with 53 protons and 74 neutrons, atomic number? Mass number?is the elements position in a modern periodic table determined by its atomic number of atomic mass?
In
Which has the larger radius Al or In?
Ca
Which has the larger radius Se or Ca?
Ca
Which has the larger radius, Ca or Ca 2+?
Nonmetals
Which class has the greater ionization energies, metals or nonmetals?
Cl
Which has the greater ionization energy, As or CL?
Negative ion
An element with a larger negative electron affinity is most likely to for a
O
Which has greater electronegetivity, o, or Se
O
In the covalent bond between Se and O, go which atom is the electron pair more closely drawn?
6
How many valance electrons are there in a neutral atom of Se?
Ca+, Zn2+
Identify all of the following ions that do not have noble gas stability, k+, s2-, ca+, I-, al3+, zn2+
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