Chromosomes, Mitosis & Meiosis Questions

Which of the following steps would NOT lead to variation of genetic material?
A. crossing over of homologous chromosomes
B. crossing over of sister chromatids
C. the random alignment of the chromosomes during metaphase
D. the combination of sperm and egg genes

The cell formed through fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called a/an
A. gamete.
B. sperm cell.
C. zygote.
D. egg cell.
E. ovum.

If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has ______ chromosomes.
A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16
E. 24

If a cell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of meiosis I, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis II?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 12
D. 24

During which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur?
A. prophase I of meiosis I
B. anaphase I of meiosis II
C. telophase I of meiosis I
D. prophase II of meiosis II
E. anaphase II of meiosis I

Homologous chromosomes are similar in all of these characteristics EXCEPT:
A. similar in size.
B. carry the same alleles for all traits.
C. carry genes for the same traits.
D. similar in shape and location of the centromere.

What is the importance of crossing-over?
A. It provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells.
B. It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.
C. It produces the proteins that are associated with DNA in chromosomes.
D. It separates the homologous chromosomes.

The overall function of meiosis includes all of the following EXCEPT
A. gamete production.
B. reduction of chromosome number (from 2N to N).
C. providing genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
D. growth of the overall individual.

During which stage of meiosis are the replicated chromosomes arranged along the equator?
A. prophase I
B. metaphase II
C. anaphase II
D. prophase II
E. metaphase I

At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid?
A. prophase I
B. metaphase II
C. anaphase II
D. prophase II
E. metaphase I

During which stage of meiosis does separation of homologous chromosomes occur?
A. prophase I
B. anaphase I
C. telophase I
D. prophase II
E. anaphase II

Which does NOT occur in meiosis?
A. two daughter cells at completion
B. four daughter cells at completion
C. two nuclear divisions
D. formation of homologous chromosome pairs

The polar body is
A. another name for an egg cell.
B. a precursor cell that becomes an egg cell.
C. a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell.
D. the cell produced when fertilization occurs.

Why do polar bodies form?
A. They nurse the egg as it leaves the follicle.
B. This is extra chromosomal material representing the X chromosome in each female cell.
C. They orient the sperm toward the egg.
D. They allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving all the food for one egg.
E. They orient the egg for penetration by the sperm.

In human females, when is meiosis II completed?
A. at ovulation
B. immediately after the sperm penetration of the secondary oocyte
C. immediately after the sperm penetrates the primary oocyte
D. None of the choices are correct.

Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur?
A. ovaries
B. prostate gland
C. epididymus
D. testes

Which is NOT true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis?
A. In meiosis, daughter cells are haploid.
B. In meiosis, there are four daughter cells.
C. In mitosis, there are two daughter cells.
D. In mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical.
E. In meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical.

All of the following are true concerning Down Syndrome EXCEPT
A. it is caused by autosomal trisomy 21
B. in 23% of cases, the sperm contributes the extra chromosome
C. it is the most common trisomy in humans
D. chances of a woman having a child with Down Syndrome decreases with her age

Monosomy occurs when an individual has only one of a particular type of chromosome.

True False

Nondisjunction occurs when both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell during meiosis I
True False

The presence of a chromosome segment more than once in the same chromosome is a result of:

A. deletion
B. duplication
C. translocation
D. aneuploidy

Extra copies of sex chromosomes are more easily tolerated in humans than extra copies of autosomes.
True False

The movement of chromosome segments from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome would be:

A. deletion
B. duplication
C. translocation
D. aneuploidy

Only one of the four daughter cells becomes a functional gamete in spermatogenesis.
True False

Jacobs Syndrome, XYY, results from nondisjunction during spermatogenesis.
True False

Virtually all specialized cells of multicellular organisms
A. develop through mutation from less specialized cells of the organism.
B. contain more genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism.
C. contain less genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism.
D. have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism.

If a parent cell has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis occurs?
A. 24 chromosomes
B. 48 chromosomes
C. 12 chromosomes
D. 96 chromosomes

Interphase:
A. occupies the majority of the cell cycle
B. includes G1, S and G2 stages
C. results in an increase in cell size
D. all of the above
E. A and B only

The function of mitosis is:
A. growth of the organism and tissue repair.
B. to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
C. asexual reproduction in some species.
D. All of the choices are correct.

In the life cycle of animals, ________ have the haploid number of chromosomes.
A. all body cells
B. sperm and egg cells
C. muscle and nerve cells
D. skin and blood cells

The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes for humans is
A. 23.
B. 24.
C. 44.
D. 46.
E. 48.

The haploid (n) number of chromosomes for humans is
A. 23.
B. 24.
C. 44.
D. 46.
E. 48.

Which statement is NOT true about mitosis?
A. Mitosis is a process that duplicates and divides the nuclear contents only.
B. Mitosis produces two daughter cells that contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
C. Mitosis produces two daughter cells that contain the same kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell.
D. Mitosis uses a diploid (2n) parent cell to form daughter cells containing a haploid number(n) of chromosomes.
E. Mitosis is involved in development of a fertilized egg into a multicellular organism.

Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?
A. G1, G2, S, M
B. G1, G2, M, S
C. G1, M, G2, S
D. G1, S, G2, M

Organisms produced as a result of mitosis exhibit a great deal of genetic variation.
True False

Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?
A. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
B. prophase, telophase, anaphase, metaphase
C. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
D. telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase
E. anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase

What occurs in anaphase?
A. Centrioles move to opposite poles.
B. Chromosomes move to opposite poles.
C. Chromosomes line up along the equator of the dividing cell.
D. The nuclear envelope disappears.
E. The nuclear envelope is constructed.

What p
hase of mitosis is pictured at right?

A. prophase
B. prometaphase
C. metaphase
D. anaphase
E. telophase

What phase of mitosis is pictured at right?

A. prophase
B. prometaphase
C. metaphase
D. anaphase
E. telophase

The event that signals the start of anaphase is
A. separation of sister chromatids
B. lining up of chromosomes in the middle of cell
C. a cleavage furrow starts to form
D. nuclear envelope disappears