To provide to the increasing demand for public conveyance systems, authoritiess have invested in local rail services, tubes and coach services. The metropoliss of Mumbai and Kolkata are located in the peninsular parts of the state and hence can non spread out their route conveyance networksA ( Pucher, Korattyswaroopam and Ittyerah 2004 ) . Mumbai and Kolkata have dedicated 11 per cent and 5 per cent severally, of its entire land country for coachs ( Ibid ) . These metropoliss have invested in local trains and have become a more preferable agencies of public conveyance. In metropoliss like Delhi and Chennai that face no such geographic limitations the coach services are making out to the fringes. Delhi has dedicated 21 per cent of its entire country for coachs ( Ibid ) . Thus we can detect that to undertake the job of urban conveyance, Mumbai and Kolkata are trusting on their widespread suburban rail conveyance. Construction of the tube is presently under manner in Chennai and the program for presenting a monorail in the metropolis has been finalised but its execution has non yet begunA ( Sasidharan 2012 ) .A A A
A But more figure of people that rely on public conveyance, commute by busesA ( Pucher, Korattyswaroopam and Ittyerah 2004 ) . Taking the factors of capacity, comfort and velocity into history, coachs are a preferable pick. But the jobs blighting coach conveyance in about all metropoliss in India are congestion on roads, pollution, limited webs, cost efficiency and safetyA ( Jaiswal, et Al. 2012 ) .
With more people preferring to have their ain vehicles, the traffic on the roads has increased doing it hard for coachs to run. With a assortment of vehicles such as personal conveyance, coachs and bullock carts busying the streets, traffic sufferings and congestion farther worsen. This consequences in increased costs and clip which discourage people from going in coachs. All these contribute to the air and noise pollution in metropoliss. Limited coach paths have non merely made transposing a incubus for citizens but besides led to overcrowded coachs which have resulted in a figure of accidents which has become a cause of great concern. There are about 80,000 deceases that take topographic point in India yearly due to mishaps on the roadA ( Jain, et Al. n.d. ) .
Another of import factor that has been responsible for inefficient coach services in the state is the low cost recovery rates. A considerable size of the urban population lives below the poorness line, hence coach menus have been kept low for their convenience. But this has resulted in limited grosss for the authorities to fund care, fixs and replacing of busesA ( Pucher, Korattyswaroopam and Ittyerah 2004 ) . However, the coach system in Bangalore has been able to cover its cost a 100 % and besides do a 5 % net income ( Pucher, Korattyswaroopam and Ittyerah 2004 ) . Other metropoliss like Hyderabad, Delhi and Mumbai have been able to cover 92 % , 80 % and 72 % of their costs severally. Kolkata, has been least profitable with a meager 42 % cost recovery rate ( Ibid ) . These issues with the public conveyance system emphasis on the pressing demand for a sustainable conveyance system, one which focuses on a safe and environment friendly manner of conveyance that provides citizens handiness and mobility within citiesA ( Krishnan, Sharma and Jaiswal 2012 ) .
It is widely believed that a Bus Rapid Transit System ( BRTS ) is capable of making precisely thisA ( Jaiswal, et Al. 2012 ) . The purpose of such a system is to supply ecologically sustainable and cost effectual coach services with better installations, comfort and velocity than that of an ordinary coach line.A It involves upgrading the current substructure of our theodolite system by utilizing modernised equipment and operations that gives discriminatory intervention to coachs on urban roadwaysA ( Krishnan, Sharma and Jaiswal 2012 ) .
Methodology of the survey
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This survey is wholly qualitative in nature. It comprises entirely of secondary research, chiefly because our instance surveies where distant from Bangalore doing it hard to roll up primary informations. For secondary informations, the survey has referred to many paperss including assorted research documents, studies and surveies conducted on the efficiency of the BRTS, web sites and newspaper articles.
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What is Bus Rapid Transit System ( BRTS ) ?
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A BRTS is designed to give precedence to coachs through dedicated lanes for coach, walkers and non-motorised vehicles.A There is no specific or distinct definition of BRTS, chiefly because it is a wide term that has been looked by many bookmans otherwise. One of the most celebrated definitions is the one given by Wright. He believes that BRTS that is ‘Bus Rapid Transit System ‘ is a
“ Bus-based mass theodolite system that delivers the urban huge population with a fast, comfy, cost-efficient and an urban mobility for all ” A ( Wright 2005 ) .
It provides an unimpeded right of manner to coachs, increasing their efficiency and cut downing the clip taken for travel. It combines the velocity, dependability and comfortss of rail-based rapid theodolite systems with the flexibleness of buses.A It is a high-capacity conveyance system which is implemented by utilizing coachs through substructure planning and scheduling betterments that would assist in supplying better services to the population. It requires high investings in the modern engineerings such as Advance Traveller Information System ( ATIS ) and Automatic trailing of coachs, which aim at conveying in a newer manner of fining, coach programming and traffic signal precedence. Hence, to encapsulate BRTS is a system of incorporating modern engineering with an applicable service design along with a client interface.
Features of BRTS
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1.A A A A A A A A A A A A Physically isolated bus ways: A separate lane which is entirely unbroken side for the coachs providing by BRTS. This allows for greater velocity and lesser congestion of coachs and perfectly no traffic.
2.A A A A A A A A A A A A It has been said that BRTS is a comparatively inexpensive manner of transit and can be implemented more widely than other transport systems. The cost per centums are lesser, about 10A toA 20 % of that of light rail and 1A toA 10 % of the Metro ( Jaiswal 2012 ) .A This is because it can be tailored to the demands of the populace by increasing the frequence of coachs and the figure of bus Michigans.
3.A A A A A A A A A A A A The gestation clip for BRTS is comparatively short. The continuance of building for 18 kilometer of the BRTS path is expected to take one to three old ages and in the instance of metropolitan metropoliss it is expected to take three to five old ages, which is shorter than that of developing tubes in urban metropoliss ( Jaiswal 2012 ) .
4.A A A A A A A A A A A A BRTS is on ‘at grade degree ‘ as it involves the building of comfy and efficient high station platforms and shelter that caters to the demands of the handicapped.
5.A A A A A A A A A A A A In BRTS, commuters can merely traverse at the zebra crossings, therefore this will assist convey down human death rates drastically.
6.A A A A A A A A A A A A There is no stiff construction in BRTS that is it is flexible to run into the demands of the turning population and can suit local penchants, population denseness, geographics, budgetary restraints, and bing institutional constructions.
Figure 3: A Features of BRTS
Beginning: A A ” Developing Bus Rapid Transit System in India ” byA Madhuri Jain, Arti Saxena, Preetvanti Singh, and P.K Saxena, p.9
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The History of BRTS
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The BRTS system in Colombia called the TransMilenio system began its operation in 2001. As a consequence of its success, a figure of states, both developed and developing have emulated its theoretical account by retaining some indispensable characteristics and besides by doing alterations to do it applicable inA their metropoliss. ( One universe Foundation, 2012 ) .
The construct of BRTS is being promoted by the New York-based Institute for Transportation and Development Policy ( ITDP ) . BRTS has been progressively adopted in the Asiatic states since 2004. BRTS is presently under building in 18 metropoliss and under consideration in 5 metropoliss in Asia ( Kumara 2009 ) . In India, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission ( JNNURM ) aims to hike and reform development in the field of urban public conveyance. The BRTS was launched in Delhi, Ahmedabad, Vishakhapatnam, Pune, Indore, Jaipur and Bhopal. Furthermore, late in 2012, BRTS has been proposed in 14 more citiesA ( Asia BRTS meet ends 2012 ) .
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The Ahmedabad BRTS Experience-Case I
Started in October 2009, the Ahmedabad BRTS – known as Janmarg- is among the most successful solutions to the job of inefficient urban public transit in India. For this successful execution, the metropolis received legion awards ( Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System n.d. ) :
1.A A A A A A A A A A A A National Award for “ Best Mass Transit Rapid System Project – 2009 ” from Government of India.
2.A A A A A A A A A A A A International Award for “ Sustainable Transport Award – 2010 ” at Washington DC, USA.
3.A A A A A A A A A A A A International Award for “ Outstanding Innovations in Public Transportation – 2010 ” from UITP, Germany.
4.A A A A A A A A A A A A National Award for “ Best Innovation Project Towards Improvement in Urban Mobility in the City of Ahmedabad through New Technological Innovations in Janmarg BRTS – 2010 ” from Government of India.
5.A A A A A A A A A A A A International Award for Design – “ Make bolding Ambition Award and Knowledge and Research Award – 2011 ” at 59th UITP World Congress, Dubai.
6.A A A A A A A A A A A A National Award for “ Award for Excellence in the class of Best ITS Project – 2011 ” from Government of India.
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Ahmedabad is the largest metropolis in Gujarat, and the 7th largest metropolitan country in India ( Census 2011 ) . Historically, it has been a metropolis known for its thriving concern communities. Given the new economic chances post liberalisation and rapid industrial growing of India and in peculiar Gujarat ; the metropolis has been spread outing quickly in recent old ages.
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Table 1: Population of Ahmedabad Metropolitan
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Year
Population
% addition
1981
25,48,000
N.AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
1991
33,12,200
30 %
2001
43,62,900
31.70 %
2011
63,52,254
45.60 %
Beginning: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2011A A A A
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Geographically, it is a compact cityA characterisedA by a great mixture of residential and concern countries which seem to intermix into each other. It is characterized by a few countries holding high denseness of population, a few good developed countries. It besides consists of a balanced street web system with well-developedA 5 ring roads and 17 radial roads ( NIUA, 2011 ) . Entire roadlength is about 2400 kilometer. There are 7 Bridgess that span across the brilliant Sabarmati river to link the eastern portion of the metropolis with West ( Ibid ) .A The metropolis besides has two outstanding railroad Stationss – Ahmedabad City Station and Maninagar station.
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History of City ‘s Transport System
From the early 1940 ‘s, there have been local coachs providing through the metropolis. Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service ( AMTS ) , a portion of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation ( AMC ) ran and operated coachs in the metropolis. It was moderately efficient. However, due to a assortment of grounds, the coach fleet could non be expanded and run into the demands of the turning population. For illustration, from 1995 to 2005, the figure of vehicles in the metropolis jumped from 0.51 million to 1.2 million. The per capita statistics would do this supply gap even starker. In 1990, Ahmedabad had 110 vehicles per 1000 people, in 2002 ; it became 280 vehicles per 1000 people. Vehicles here would include bikes. Therefore, it was copiously clear that there was a monolithic supply spread in public conveyance ( Jaiswal, et Al. 2012 ) .
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In 2005, taking awareness of this supply spread and the fiscal restraints of the Ahmedabad Corporation into consideration, it was decided to let private participants to go portion of the public conveyance system, along with the bing AMTC coachs.
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TableA 2: Tendencies in Bus Fleet
Year
Entire Bus Fleet
2000
752
2001
729
2002
630
2003
410
2004
382
2005
371
2006
545
2007
727
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Beginning: A Urban Transport Initiatives in India: Best Practices in PPP, National institute for Urban Affairs, 2011.
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As can be seen clearly from the tabular array, the determination to let denationalization increased the entire strength of the public conveyance system. However, the critical jobs remained unresolved.
Most of the traffic is dominated by two Wheelers, and three Wheelers. Harmonizing to the family study conducted by the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology in 2006 ( NIUA, 2011 ) , 8 hundred thousand bikes ply on the metropolis streets accounting for up to 19 % of the entire trips and the metropolis has 22 hundred thousand registered vehicles of which two Wheelers are about 73 % . There are relatively fewer 4 Wheelers, accounting for 12.5 % ( Kumara, 2009 ) . There are more than 35,000 three Wheelers. Several of them use debased fuels, taking to air pollution. It was the most contaminated metropolis in the state in 2003, harmonizing to a list prepared by the Central Pollution Control Board ( NIUA, 2011 ) . A displacement to CNG fuels in 2005 improved the state of affairs to an extent.
What this means in existent footings is comparatively simple. More figure of vehicles on the same sum of roads implies more congestion on the streets. Under such congestions, a policy to better public conveyance by simply increasing the coach fleet will non work out any jobs.
