| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cali/o, calic/o | calyx (calix); cup shaped |
| cyst/o | urinary bladder |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| meat/o | meatus |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ren/o | kidney |
| trigon/o | trigone (region of the bladder) |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| vesic/o | urinary bladder |
| albumin/o | albumin (a protein in the blood) |
| azot/o | nitrogen |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| dips/o | thirst |
| kal/o | potassium |
| ket/o, keton/o | ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone) |
| lith/o | stone |
| natr/o | sodium |
| noct/o | night |
| olig/o | scanty |
| -poietin | substance that forms |
| py/o | pus |
| -tripsy | crushing |
| ur/o | urine (urea) |
| urin/o | urine |
| -uria | urination; urine condition |
| arteriole | small artery |
| calciferol | active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney |
| calyx, calix | cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis |
| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids |
| cortex | outer region of an organ |
| creatinine | nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
| electrolyte | chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water |
| erythropoietin (EPO) | hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow |
| filtration | process where some substances, but not all, pass through a filter |
| glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus |
| glomerulus | tiny ball of capillaries in the kidneys |
| hilum | depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
| kidney | one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone |
| meatus | opening or canal |
| medulla | inner region of an organ |
| nephron | combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney |
| nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine |
| potassium (K+) | electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood |
| reabsorption | process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream |
| renal artery | blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney |
| renal pelvis | central collecting region in the kidney |
| renal tubule | microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration |
| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and towards the heart |
| renin | hormone secreted by the kidney |
| sodium (Na+) | electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys |
| trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder |
| urea | major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
| ureter | one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
| urethra | tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| uric acid | nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine |
| urinary bladder | hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine |
| urination (voiding) | process of expelling urine; also called micturition |
| erythropoietin (EPO) | a hormone that stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow |
| caliectasis | widening of the calyx |
| caliceal | pertaining tot he calyx |
| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
| cystectomy | removal of the urinary bladder |
| cystostomy | new opening to urinary bladder |
| glomerular capsule | capsule surrounding the glomerus |
| meatal stenosis | narrowing of the opening or canal |
| paranephric | pertaining to near the kidney |
| nephropathy | disease of the kidneys |
| nephroptosis | drooping or sagging kidney |
| nephrolithotomy | removal of a kidney stone |
| hydronephrosis | abnormal fluid in the kidney |
| nephrostomy | new opening to the kidney |
| pyelolithotomy | removal of a stone from the renal pelvis |
| renal ischemia | to hold back blood from the kidney |
| renal colic | kidney pain |
| trigonitis | inflammation of the trigone |
| ureteroplasty | surgical repair of the ureter |
| ureteroileostomy | a new opening from the ureter to the small intestine |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra |
| urethral stricture | abnormal narrowing of the urethra |
| intravesical | within the urinary bladder |
| vesicoureteral reflux | urine flows from the bladder back to the ureters |
| albuminuria | urine condition of the albumin |
| azotemia | excessive nitrogen in the blood |
| bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine (UTI) |
| polydipsia | pertaining to excessive thirst |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| ketosis | abnormal condition of ketone bodies |
| ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine |
| nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of kidney stones |
| hyponatremia | low sodium in the blood |
| nocturia | excessive urination at night |
| oliguria | small amount of urine |
| erythropoietin | substance that forms RBC's |
| pyuria | pus in the urine |
| lithotripsy | crushing of a stone |
| uremia | urine products in the blood |
| enuresis | bed wetting |
| diuresis | complete formation of urine |
| antidiuretic hormone | hormone that stops the production of urine |
| urinary incontinence | loss of control of urine to the bladder |
