Table of Contentss
|
Item |
Chapter |
Page Number |
|
1 |
Introduction |
3 – 4 |
|
2 |
Methodology |
4 – 9 |
|
3 |
Decision |
9 |
|
4 |
Undertaking 2 Explain how to find countries and volume of cut and fill, utilizing appraising informations ( Pass ) . |
10 – 11 |
|
5 |
Bibliography |
12 |
Introduction
What is Contour?
Contours need to find the degree at assorted points on the land, and in the same horizontal place of those points should be fixed. Vertical control exercising carried out leveling work, but the degree of control exercised concatenation study or questionnaire study compass or aircraft to be. If the theodolite horizontal and perpendicular control can be achieved from the same instrument. A profile can be classified in different groups based instrument. Contour map that can be used to understand the form of the land. In add-on, the existent form of the line will phone you to more elaborate apprehension of the part. Besides that, contour are divided into two types of methods in appraising which is direct methods and indirect methods.
For the direct methods, It is included in the point found within the selected contour line of perpendicular and horizontal control. Instrument used for perpendicular control degree. A grade degree is set to take flight from the dominating highs of the nearby bench grade in the part. Collimation / tallness of the plane of the instrument was found the staff to be read a contour line is calculated. The staff of the instrument adult male asked the staff who cultivate the needed reading is found up and down motion in the part. Surveyor built utilizing his tools of this degree of control. After the people of the instrument directs staff individual to read another point in the same individual can be found. Second is to set up the degree of control. Therefore, a few points are based on a contour of one or two contour lines and proper record. Plane table study is really suited for the occupation. After puting the points needed for the constitution of the instrument from the instrument is moved to another point in order to cover a larger country. Level and fact-finding tools need non be shifted at the same time. That is, if two are nearby, so easy to pass on better. Get speed leveling sometimes manus degree, Abney degree of usage. This attack is slow, boring and inaccurate. It is suited for little countries.
While for the indirect methods, the degree of return in some selected points and their decreased degrees. Therefore, in this method to set up the degree of control the first, so happen the degree of those points. After positioning point program, the degree of diminution is inserted between the choice point markers and contour lines.
Beginnings: ( Methods of Contouring 2014 )
Diagram 1: Labeling Contour Maps ( Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cntr-map-1.jpg/300px-Cntr-map-1.jpg )
What is Autocad?
AutoCAD is used in edifices, Bridgess, and computing machine bit fabrication design for a computer-aided drawing package plan. AutoCAD is chiefly used for drafters, it has occurred although applied scientists, surveyors and designers may necessitate to utilize the package. Read on to larn more. AutoCAD is in the edifice, building and fabrication for the 2-D and 3-D computer-aided drawing package applications assist designs and other undertakings prepared. Who uses AutoCAD professionals frequently referred to the drafting. Although the drafters in some professional work, six of the most common countries of expertness are mechanical drawing, architectural drafting, civil drafting, electrical drafting, electronic drafting, outlining air power.
Methodology:
In methodological analysis, I will depict the measure that how we produce and plot a contour program and land subdivision. First measure is to descry the tallness informations. At the commend at that place, we key it the point and enter it. After we enter, it will demo a specify point so we will identify in the first point which is S1. For illustration ; 146.048, 313.212, 82.739. So we will identify it this point and for the remainder of the point like S2, S3, S4 and S5 is utilizing the same methods. ( Refer to plot 1 )
Diagram 1
After we province the specify point, we utilizing the lines to pull a one long lines at the horizontal and perpendicular. After we draw a two lines, so we will snap the line and type OFFSET, this will inquire the distance between two lines and the distance is 25, so we key in 25 and enter it. Then we will snap the lines beside the first lines and it will demo a new lines. While it was the same measure as a perpendicular portion. Make certain that the specify point it inside the box that we do. Besides that, before we draw the lines, to do certain the lines is straight we will snap ORTHO MODE from cutoff we can snap F8, this will automatically to assist you line become consecutive. ( refer to plot 2 )
Diagram 2
While following measure is we firs go to place page, so we click “ Layer Properties ” . Then we will divide few beds should be usage for the Buildings, Grid, Spot Height, Text, Border, Contours, Triangulated Ground Model ( TGM ) and Dimensions ( refer to plot 3 ) . Then we click the point that we key in that five specify point and set it into topographic point highs classs. While for the boxes, we will set it into the grid classs. After that, we turn off the topographic point tallness and grid visible radiation bulbs. Then we will choose line and key in the point A which is 168.934, 297.370. While for the remainder in some measure but after we key in until point F we have to identify in back to indicate A, so the edifice form we be shown up which is constructing 1. While for the Building 2, is same as the edifice 1 merely key in the co-ordinate. After we got this two edifice 1 and 2 we put it as a edifice classs which is highlight constructing 1 and 2 and snap the layout and choice edifices column. ( refer to plot 4 )
Diagram 3 & A ; 4
After it, turn on all the visible radiation bulbs and choice text and key in the word which can see from the drawings. And the font size of the text is 3.5. The text have to identify in is A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, Building 1, Constructing 2, S1 ( 82.739 ) , S2 ( 82.789 ) , S3 ( 86.479 ) , S4 ( 85.539 ) and last is S5 ( 84.039 ) ( refer to plot 5 ) . Then we highlight or the text put it as a text classs. While following is find the dimension between D and G. First chink to Annotate which is upper the column and so modify the dimension, select the text and key in the size is 3.5 and snap ok. Then we click the OBJECT SNAP which is can snap from the keyboard which is F3. This will assist you to observe the point from D and G. Then we click the dimension from the Annotate and chink from D to G. Then above the line, it will demo the distance between 2 points. While for the point E and J is same measure, so we merely repeated it. Then we highlight the two dimension and set it into dimension classs. ( refer to plot 5 )
Diagram 5
Following measure is to pull a triangulated form by utilizing the lines from S1 to S2 and S5, so S2 to S3 and S5, Then S4 will travel to S4 and S5 and S4 will travel to S1 and S5. Which is agencies connect all the point together by utilizing the lines. Therefore we can see the form is like that diagram below. Then we highlight the lines for connect to each point, and set it into the Triangulated Ground Model.
( PS: merely foreground the lines non the point like diagram below )
Diagram 6
After that, we click the draws which is under the lines, polyline and circle column. We select the multiple points and snap the point from S1 to S4 approximately two point. Let say from S1 to S4 the two point is 82 and 85, hence the figure in between this two point is 83 and 84. So we will snap two point between S 1 and S4 but the distance of the point must be medium of this two point and logical do n’t merely snap. While S1 to S5 we will snap one point. And from S5 to S3 besides got one point. And last from the S2 and S3 got 3 point ( mention to plot 7 ) . After we key in the point, the select the polyline and attach the point. While it is divided into 3 lines. The first line is from the upper point which is 83 co-ordinate, travel to the point which is S1 to S5 and travel to the upper point which is S2 to S3. While the 2nd lines is start from 2nd point ( S1 to S4 there ) go to indicate S5 and last spell to 2nd point ( S2 to S3 ) . While the 3rd lines is from S4 to the point between ( S5 to S3 ) and last is go to last 3rd point for S2 and S3. If non clearly, delight mention to plot 2 and it will be understand, what am I reference about. After that, we highlight the first lines and identify it PEDIT and choice spline. Then the line will be somewhat spline. While for the other line is same measure as a line 1, highlight the line key in PEDIT and choice SPLINE. While the point that use multiples points and the lines highlight all and set it into Contour classs.
Diagram 7
While the last measure is pulling a rectangular, above the grids for cardinal in the pupil name and matrix ID. And last is to difference classs utilizing the difference colour like diagram 8.
Diagram 8
Decision:
In my decision, to plan the 2D or 3D drawings is non a easy work by utilizing manually. AutoCAD is in assorted Fieldss, such as building, mechanical, structural, civil, electrical and mechanical technology and automotive applications. An designer can plan originative ideal in any portion of the edifice theoretical account of any type. For more information about AutoCAD, make complex undertakings simple. It combines the work of designers and applied scientists. From a little to a really big undertaking, you get a precise design has great declaration. It ‘s one of the basic drafting package, which is conspicuously used everyplace. Learn the package will supply design package and pulling package in the field of solid foundation. All mechanical applied scientists know, the paradigm can be a really expensive procedure. The AutoCAD by extinguishing the physical stuff and preliminary design workshop infinite allows important nest eggs in the design procedure. Although the purchase and operation of a package bundle has some costs, which tend to be much less than the cost load of the stuff and paradigm store when. As a digital simulation, AutoCAD theoretical accounts besides allow applied scientists to prove large-scale installings, this procedure will be dearly-won physical paradigms advantage.
Undertaking 2
Explain how to find countries and volume of cut and fill, utilizing appraising informations ( Pass ) .
In be aftering the edifice design and building, designers and applied scientists must foremost see the bing conditions of the site. In most instances, a given site is non flat and must be modified before any building can get down. Therefore, the procedure of cut and make full building procedure is normally the first to take topographic point at a site in one. If there is no computing machine package to find the sum of land to be added or removed, we can make a simple computation to gauge the volume of cut and make full any site. First, the site is divided into subdivisions. Basically, the site is “ cut ” into the land section, at a specified fixed distance, so we can look at each independent. Cutout part is based on the land, in order to accurately stand for the land topography being evaluated drawn. Topographic map describes the bing incline of land, and allows us to come to the site at an height of some of our cuts.
Now, we have a planar cross-section is divided, we can gauge that the country to be cut and filled in the site. Each portion of the cut to the desired land topography is expressed as “ cut line ” covered in the bing topography of the land line. Which brings us to two lines of each subdivision, and state us how many of the bing country must be removed or added. Then, the country between the lines is calculated to happen the cut-and-fill each sub-region. The figure below shows the bing degree lines and cutting country between the lines. From the diagram below, we can see that the start gauge how much land country must be cut off from the scene, and how much land country of the building site must be completed field degree.
Diagram 9: Cut and make full
Now, one time portion of the part has been found, we must see the site ( land between the cut part ) of extra length to be able to gauge the volume of land cut or fill. Finally, after the deliberate value required us to find non merely how much land must be removed from or patron ‘s web site, but besides where the land must be specifically taken or sponsor. Remove or add any site land is an expensive procedure, so that our estimations are made near to the bing conditions may be of import. Once we know how much land to cut or make full and cut and make full it, work can get down normal degree site and construct our edifice.
Beginnings: ( Cut and Fill 2015 )
Bibliography
Cut and Fill, ( 2015 ) , [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //jwilson.coe.uga.edu/EMAT6680/Parsons/MVP6690/Essay3/cutfill.html [ Accessed on 1st June 2015 ]
Methods of Contouring, ( 2014 ) , [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //theconstructor.org/surveying/methods-of-contouring/6451/ [ Accessed on 31 May 2015 ]
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