Term |
Definition |
abiotic |
nonliving, not from a living organism |
biogeochemical cycle |
the movement of atoms and molecules from living organisms and the physical environment |
biotic |
a living organism or produced by a living organism. |
carbon cycle |
the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back. |
commensalism |
a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. |
competition |
ecological relationship in which two or more organisms depend on the same limited resource. |
consumer |
a organism that eats other organisms or organic matter. |
decomposer |
an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients. |
ecology |
the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environment. |
ecosystem |
a community of organisms and their abiotic, or nonliving, environment. |
energy pyramid |
a triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem’s loss of energy, which results as energy passes through the ecosystem’s food chain. |
food chain |
the pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms. |
food web |
a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. |
limiting factor |
an environmental factor that prevents an organism or population from reaching its full potential of size or activity. |
mutualism |
a relationship between two species in which both species benefit. |
parasite |
an organism that benefits from another species, the host, which is harmed. |
parasitism |
a relationship between two species in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed. |
predation |
when a predator feeds on prey |
predator |
an organism that kills and eats all or part of another organism. |
prey |
an organism that is killed and eaten by another organism. |
primary consumer |
an animal that feeds on plants; a herbivore Any organism that consumes or feeds on autotrophs or decaying matter. |
producer |
an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings. |
secondary consumer |
a carnivore that feeds only on herbivores An organism that largely feeds on primary consumers |
symbiosis |
a relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other. |
tertiary consumer |
An organism that largely feeds on secondary and primary consumers. |
trophic level |
position in the food chain |
water cycle |
the natural sequence through which water passes into the atmosphere as water vapor, precipitates to earth in liquid or solid form, and ultimately returns to the atmosphere through evaporation. |