Chapter 1
The survey investigated the effects of fabric industry on the growing of economic system of Pakistan before and after constitution of universe trade organisation, 1995. The purpose of the survey was to derive insight about the effects of fabric industry on the growing of Pakistan ‘s economic system.
The ground for choosing the subject “ The effects of fabric industry on the growing of economic system of Pakistan before and after constitution of universe trade organisation, 1995 ” was to research this subject in Pakistan that how our fabric industry is straight affects our economic system. Although there are many researches conducted merely to research that how Pakistan ‘s economic system is affected before and after the constitution of universe trade organisation.
Industry is considered as the basic component of any state particularly textile industry contributes significantly to the state ‘s GDP ( Gross domestic merchandise ) , exports every bit good as employment. The fabric industry is one of the most of import sectors of Pakistan. It is, in fact, the anchor of the Pakistani economic system. It has a entire established whirling capacity of 1550 million kilogram of narration, weaving capacity of 4368 million square metres of cloth and finishing capacity of 4000 million square metres. The industry has a production capacity of 670 million units of garments, 400 million units of knitwear and 53 million kilogram of towels.
The industry has a sum of 1221 units engaged in ginning and 442 units engaged in whirling. There are around 124 big units that undertake weaving and 425 little units. There are about 20600 power looms in operation in the industry. The industry besides houses around 10 big completing units and 625 little units.
Pakistani fabric industry has about 50 big and 2500 little garment fabricating units. Furthermore, it besides houses around 600 knitwear-producing units and 400 towel-producing units.
Harmonizing to Dr. Mirza Ikhtiar Baig ( 2010 ) the current planetary state of affairs of the fabric industry and the portion of the Pakistan in planetary fabric industry is the chief topic of our subject. The textile demand in the universe increased massively in last few decennaries. The planetary portion of the fabric addition about 18 $ trillion and it is expected to increase 6.5 % in future twelvemonth. China is known as the major exporter state of the fabric goods in the universe. The universe broad fabric export is about 400 $ billion. The Asiatic Countries have the major portion in planetary fabric export.The portion of the China is around 55 $ billion, the portion of the Hong Kong is about 38 $ billion, the portion of the Korea is about 35 $ billion, the portion of the Taiwan is about 16 $ billion and the portion of the Indonesia is about 9 $ billion, India besides emerged as the major exporter of fabric goods.
In instance of Pakistan, Pakistan besides emerged as the fabric exporter in the universe. Pakistan emerged as the major exporter of the cotton and cotton narration, Pakistan export the 30 % of textile cotton narration and 8 % cotton cloth to the universe. Pakistan entire fabric export is 7.4 $ billion in 2002 which account the 1.2 % portion in the universe fabric export. Pakistan largely exports the fabric natural stuffs to the universe and did non export the value added points, this is the chief job of Pakistan fabric sector. Pakistan should larn from Bangladesh who imports the natural cotton from Pakistan and other states and so made the value added points and export it to the universe. If we want to increase our fabric gross so we focus on the value added points in future exports.
1: Fabric INDUSTRY IN Nationwide Financial System:
Fabric visualization-2005 has been aimed at an unfastened market, alone, market driven and vivacious fabric sector, which is globally incorporated, worldwide spirited and to the full equipped to mistreat the chances shaped by Fabric goods are the critical single necessities after so nutrient. Fabric sector in Pakistan playing the of import function in the growing of our national economic system, it has the large portion in our GDP growing rate. It is playing the impotent function in our export sector, employment sector and investing sector. It has the major portion in our foreign exchange net incomes. It has the largest portion in our fabrication sector. Textile portion in overall fabrication is about 46 % ; foreign export earning is about 68 % and 38 % portion in services sector. In malice of the authorities ‘s attempts to diversify the exports sector and every bit good as industrial sector, the fabrics sector of Pakistan still the anchor of industrial activity in the state.
FABRIC VISUALIZATION 2005:
Harmonizing to study ( 2005 ) Fabric visual image 2005 is a vision about the new techniques introduce in sector. The vision about the, free entry and exist, barrier free markets, construct of competitory markets, dynamic and advanced which is internationally incorporate and to the full equipped to work chances created by the Multi Fiber agreement at international degree. At present Pakistan hold the 8th place in Asiatic states Pakistan can take the 5th or 4th place if Pakistan to the full exploits the chances created by MFA.
THE FUTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXTILE EXPORTS
The development of the fabric industry is to a great extent depending upon the GATT rounds which finally become the ground of the constitution of WTO in 1995. The chief docket of the GATT rounds is to duty of quotas system, one-sidedly, bilaterally, multilaterally in the fabric sector. It means that there will be no quota on fabric merchandises. Pakistan is besides the member of the GATT unit of ammunitions and so after the member of the WTO and the benefits of the GATT regulations. In GATT unit of ammunitions and WTO, USA and EU was in favour of the some limitation on China ‘s fabric exports. Pakistan and India treated most favourite state because both are the founding states.
1.1.4. STRENGTH AND LIMITATIONS OF PAKISTAN:
The portion of the fabric sector of overall universe export is about 6 % , which is accounted nearly370 $ billion. The portion of the vesture goods is about 210 $ billion and staying the portion of the narration and natural cotton. In instance of Pakistan, the fabric sector has the major portion in Pakistan export. The 60 % to 70 % export of the Pakistan is depend on the fabric sector which is accounted about 7 $ billion in twelvemonth 2002-2003.The portion of the natural cotton and narration is about 30 % and portion of the cloth is about 35 % ( Ayesha Fayyaz, 2010 ) .
1: The 15 EU member ‘s states are the extremely developed states of the universe and they are the chief importers of fabric goods. On 1st may 2004 the 10 others states are besides join the EU, these 10 freshly members are relatively less developed and more economical to compare with 15 states therefore EU companies relocate their units in those states for inexpensive fabric fabrication and export more textile goods. The EU export increased and became 11 % of the universe fabric export.
2. The EU member ‘s states increase the employment degree in this sector. That ‘s why they are more focal points on development of this sector. The 2.5 to 3.5 million people are employed in this sector.
3. Soon another menace of Pakistani exporter is that if EU withdraws his 0 % responsibility under EU GSP strategy, so Pakistani exporters face the amendss in her adept volume.
4. In instance of the USA more than one million people are employed in the fabric sector. In USA there are 1000s of companies who produce the fabric goods. The companies chiefly in South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia and province of Alabama. These province protested against the 0 % responsibility on fabric goods. After the constitution of WTO and Asiatic crises about 250 units shut down and more so two lacings people lost their occupations. Therefore in 2004-2005 the USA Government impose the quota with different per centum on fabric goods.
At present USA will besides concentrate on the high tech fabric goods to vie the modern universe. USA focuses on non-woven, peculiarly focal point on the hygiene merchandises like kids ‘s nappies and rubs, feminine hygiene, grownup incontinency and extremely end manner points, peculiarly for adult females ‘s wear.
USA and EU wants the better market entree to their fabric merchandises and on the other manus they besides want to implement the regulations of the WTO on duties, quota and rational belongings rights. They besides want to implement the regulations which are mentioned in GATS and WTO like environmental conditions, labourers installations, pay rate and revenue enhancement aggregation system. Pakistani exporters will fix to contend these challenges of the modern universe.
USA imposes safety steps on fabric exports, which can besides consequence on Pakistan exports, but the Pakistani exporters holding the opportunity to acquire the benefit from the quota limitation on China and Vietnam imposed by the USA in 2005 as cited in Dawn News & A ; the Economist Magazines ( 2000 ) .
Corporation in different sectors is cardinal to success ; if the Pakistan Government and the private sectors cooperate with each other it is good for the Pakistan fabric industry. The authorities should be encouraged of production of MMF synthetics, and the private sector should be encouraged the buffer stock strategy of cotton and stock heap strategies. The Government should cut down the responsibilities on fabric machinery and other equipments. The Pakistan Government should supply the installations to the exporters to get down the concern. The cost of start new concern in Pakistan is really high to compare with the regional states so the Government, Ministry of Commerce and Stat Bank of Pakistan should take stairss to ease the concern adult male. The ministry of Commerce focal points on three weakest links in the fabric like deceasing, selling and ginning.
The Government of Pakistan and State bank of Pakistan should supply loans to the exporters to spread out her concerns and better the quality of the goods at international criterion. The involvement rate on the loans must be low to compare with market.
1.1.5. Rise IN FABRIC EXPORTS Fabrication IN PAK:
In international market there crisp propaganda against the quality of the Pakistan fabric merchandises. Pakistan faced the challenges of the high quality and the competition with the regional states. After the abolishment of the fabric quota from January 2005 Pakistan surprised the all competitory states to increase its planetary portion of exports and acquire extra foreign exchange. Pakistan besides better its quality of the fabric merchandises that ‘s became the ground to gain excess gross.
Harmonizing to The Nation ‘s Money magazine ( 2005 ) after the abolishment of the quota free universe trade on fabric merchandises the Pakistan fabric sector earns 3.6 $ billion through exporting fabric merchandises, which show the 10 % growing over the corresponding period of the last twelvemonth. The different fabric experts holding the sentiment that the fabric exports of the Pakistan is expected to increase 5 $ billion during the first six months after the abolishment of the quota government ( January – June 2005 ) . The entire export of the twelvemonth 2004- 2005 is expected to increase 8.5 $ billion.
In 11 months of twelvemonth 2005 the fabric industry of Pakistan earn 7.70 $ billion worth of foreign exchange net incomes, which show the significantly addition in the foreign exchange net incomes to compare with the old old ages. In May 2005 the fabric exports of the Pakistan addition 830 $ million as against 650 $ million in April, it ‘s demo the pleasant tendency in fabric sector of Pakistan.
The Pakistani fabric makers are really optimistic in nature and want to increase the international portion, and they have mark to increase the exports around 10 $ billion US dollars. The fabric industry can accomplish this mark ; if the industry is steadily increase its exports portion in the international market. The Pakistani fabric makers claim that the fabric merchandises such as, yarn, cloths, fabric and bed linen are the most competitory points in the universe, the quality of these merchandises are really all right to compare with other universe. These points have a major portion in our overall fabric exports. They claim that the taking fabric manufacturers and the exporters of the universe like China, Germany, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka import these merchandises from Pakistan and change over them into high manner points and export the universe.
After few months of set uping the quota-free planetary trade of fabric, the knitwear and readymade garment sectors in Pakistan faced a force per unit area, but now these two sections of the Pakistan fabric industry besides show betterment in fabrication of the merchandises. The other sections of the Pakistan fabric like narration, bed linen, vesture, are making good before and after the new WTO government. Since 1999 to 2005 a ample investing about 5 $ billion to 6 $ billion US dollars are invested in Pakistan, which have pleasant effects on local fabric industry.
There is immense investing in Pakistan fabric industry ; this investing developed the fabric sector. The investing in the fabric sector is divided between different sections of the industry. The spinning has made 46 % of the entire investing ; the weaving sector has made 24 % . Fabric processing has made 12 % , made-up 8 % , knitwear and garments 5 % and 5 % invest in the man-made fabric sector. The fabric industry of Pakistan is expected to have investing more than 6 $ billion US dollars by the twelvemonth 2010 and this investing will increase the capacity and the quality of the merchandises.
Harmonizing Tariq Mahmood Acting president all Pakistan Millss association The USA imposed some limitation on Chinese fabric merchandises ; this limitation is besides good for the Pakistan fabric exporters. The EU and USA gives the majority of the fabric orders to the Pakistan because the Pakistan has the capacity to accomplish the mark on clip. Soon the USA and Europe became the major market of Pakistan fabric merchandises, and Pakistan generates big sum of the gross. .
Soon after establishing the quota-free international trade under the regulations of WTO, Chinese started marketing their fabric merchandises smartly in the USA, Europe and other major consumer states of the universe and wants to capture the local market. This behaviour of the China severely damaged the local fabric industry of the Europe and USA, and finally this became the ground of the trade war between China and EU, USA so the EU and USA wants to enforce some limitation on fabric merchandises. For the last few yearss a jerk of war started between China and USA on the issues of the reappraisal of the Yuan ( Chinese currency ) , Dumping, terrifies and this war between USA and China is good for the Pakistan fabric sector.
The Tsunami factor had besides become the ground of the development of the Pakistani fabric industry, because Tsunami to a great extent damaged the fabric industry of the Indonesia, India and Bangladesh.
The re-location of the fabric industry in EU and USA had besides good for the Pakistani fabric exporters, because they largely fulfils at that place textile demands from Pakistan. They import the different merchandises from Pakistan and used it in her merchandises. The fabric industry of Pakistan had equipped itself at the international criterion after the abolishment of the quota system and imports the advanced fabric machinery to better the capacity and quality.
The fabric sector invest more than 4 $ billion US dollars in last four to five old ages, investing on the latest machinery, substructure, communicating, enlargement, manpower and planing. The industry believes that this investing in industry will comfortably run into the up approachs challenges of the advanced universe.
Cotton is the basic demand of the fabric industry, and Pakistan is the taking manufacturer of the cotton in the universe. Pakistan bring forthing the 12 to 14 million bales of the cotton yearly. The Government of Pakistan should take measure to advance the research on cotton which increases the production and the quality of the cotton ; through research on cotton we can bring forth the disease free cotton. After the abolishment of the quota system the fabric industry has believe to necessitate the 16 million bales of cotton yearly, the 14 million of bales produce locally and 2 million of bales import from the other states. If we focus on the research we can carry through the demand of fabric industry, and besides export the other states.
1.1.6. Complication and Problems in Textile Investment
1: Lack of route and rail web installations in the state.
2: Poor direction by the different governmental bureaus.
3: Bad administration and hapless jurisprudence and order status in the state ( particularly in Karachi and Khyber Pukhtunkhawah.
4: Bad image of Pakistan portrayed by the international media and international bureaus.
5: Warnings, which are issued by the foreign states to their citizens to halt traveling of Pakistan is besides the large hurdle in Pakistan development.
6: Pakistan is the member of the WTO and mark ‘s many international understandings like rational belongings rights and international arbitration understandings which enforce Pakistan to obey the regulations.
7: Poor communicating installations are besides the major hurdle in Pakistan fabric development.
8: Corruptness in Governmental section is besides the major issue of the Pakistan development.
9: Severe electricity deficit in the state.
10: Fiscal instability in the state which became the ground of the lessening in foreign investing.
11: Our public-service corporation rates are excessively much high to compare with the regional states.
12: Our revenue enhancement aggregation system is really weak, which besides one of the chief hurdle in our development.
13: Energy crises in the state ( crises in natural gas/ crises in the handiness of gasoline ) .
14: The good quality soft H2O is non available for our fabric sector ( particularly in Karachi ) .
15: Negative impact of SRO ‘s civilization.
.
1.2. MOTIVATION OF RESEARCH:
There is a demand to research the factors act uponing the overall productiveness and development of the fabric industry of Pakistan and the jobs faced by the fabric industry of Pakistan, so that it can assist the policy shapers to determine the different policies to undertake with the assorted issues of the fabric industry, and it can merely be done with the aid of the research.
There is a demand to carry on survey on this subject so that it can be good for the persons every bit good as the Pakistan ‘s economic system. The issues faced by the fabric industry at current demand to be studied and can merely be solved through proper policy deductions.
There is a demand to explicate the assorted factors impacting the fabric industry of Pakistan so that the policy shapers have an thought to research the reactivity of the fabric industry due to current trade policies which will in bend help them to place the different policy steps to heighten the fabric industry in our state.
1.3. RESEARCH Question:
It is believed that the fabric industry acts as the anchor of any economic system, and the development and prosperity of the economic system depends mostly on the development of this sector. Here in this research, an effort is made to analyze the consequence of fabric industry on the growing of the economic system before and after the constitution of WTO ( 1995 ) from 1947 boulder clay current. The basic research inquiry arises from the treatment is that whether the fabric industry contributed positively towards economic growing in the state? The research tries to happen out the accurate replies of this inquiry by utilizing econometric theoretical accounts.
1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:
The fabric industry acts as the anchor of any economic system, and the development and prosperity of the economic system depends mostly on the development of this sector. This survey was conducted how the fabric industry is lending significantly towards economic growing
1.4.1 Hypothesis:
H0 Textile industry does non straight related to the development of the economic system.
H1 Textile industry straight related to the development of the economic system
Chapter 2 ; BACKGROUND
Harmonizing to Dawn News & A ; the Economist Magazines ( 2008 ) , in 1947 after self-government, merely two fabric Millss were working with 80,000 spindles and 3,000 looms. At that clip our domestic demand was 8 % merely.
1950
The organized development of cotton fabric Millss started in the late 50 ‘s. In 1952 PIDC and in 1953 Vatika Textile Mill at Karachi was organized.
1960
By mid 60 ‘s about 180 units of fabric bleaching, printing and processing
units in Pakistan. A figure of whirling units consisting of merely 12,500 spindles were set up. Newly established Millss were based upon imported engineering but there was deficiency of proficient staff and deficit of capitals. Pakistan ‘s fabric industry has lost its comparatively more outstanding place of the sixtiess and 1970s, and today holds a small over 2 per cent of the universe market. Pakistan enjoyed a really dynamic public presentation in the sixtiess, and was among the taking ; developing states that were emerging in the universe cotton fabric market. In fact, Pakistan ‘s record was rather covetous, as between 1962 and 1970 it cornered over 11 per cent of the universe market ( Admin, 2010 ) .
1970
During the epoch of 70-71 there were 113 textile units and the industry had 2,605 spindles and 30 1000s looms. After the separation of East Pakistan, Cotton Export Corporation of Pakistan was established this meant that most of the private sector was taken over by the province. The fabric industry suffered heavy Looss because the export cotton controlled by CEC ( Cotton Export Corporation of Pakistan ) , and the import of machinery was made hard due to deficits of foreign exchange ( Admin, 2010 ) .
1980
This stage brought a alleviation to the fabric Industry of Pakistan. There was a rapid growing in whirling sector. Till 1980-81 whirling continued to spread out to 4033 1000 spindles in 203 whirling units, and working capacity amounted to 2833 1000 spindles. The fabric sector holds a really of import place in Pakistan ‘s economic system in footings of employment value added and exports. It has the highest fabrication value added for any industry amounting to 17.5 per cent. Similarly, about tierce of the full manufactured employment is in the fabric sector. In footings of exports, about 30 per cent of Pakistan ‘s entire export came from cotton fabrics in 1990/1, up from 20 per cent in 1982-3. Cotton yarn ‘s part to exports increased from 10 in 1982 to 18 per centum in 1990.
1990
Machinery for bring forthing garments and made-up was besides freed from import responsibility. As a consequence, a immense enlargement in the spinning sector took topographic point in the first five old ages of the 1990s. World demand for good quality, broad breadth cloths grew and replacing and a modernisation procedure started. With these developments, production and export value-added points such as bed-sheets and place trappings started. Structural alterations with the replacing of out-of-date machinery and modernisation in the industry still continued in
position of universe competition. In 1991-92 Pakistan produced a record high harvest of 12.8 million bales.1993 to 1998 ; Pakistan recorded a development of 101 % per twelvemonth in cloth industry while its place is 3rd after China and India in the universe broad narration fabrication. The topographic point of Pakistan ‘s fabric fabrication comparatively persist and further following the full executing of WTO ( World Trade Organization ) contract from 2005 beyond when a period of unfastened trade will set up internationally. In 2000-2001 Pakistan ‘s Cotton production and ingestion was about equal around 10.45 million bales ( Arshiya Fayyaz, 2008 ) .
World Trade Organization and fabric industry:
World Trade Organization ( WTO ) a foreign organisation which support trade between member states, expression after countrywide trade contracts and resolutenesss differences when they arise ( Business lexicon, 2010 ) .
Harmonizing to Kimberly Amadeo, the WTO ( World Trade Organization ) is a set where associate disposal goes, to seek to work out the trade issues they face with one another. At its bosom are the WTO understandings, discussed and noticed by the volume of the universe ‘s covering provinces. But the WTO is non merely about loosen uping trade, but in some conditions its regulations hold up trade encirclement – for illustration to support clients, avoid the addition of virus or expression after the ambiance.
World Trade Organization ‘s ( WTO ) Impact on Textile Industry in Pakistan:
Harmonizing to Jabir & A ; Rafique The contract on cloth and apparels, which were ingredient of the Uruguay Round trade treatments ; purpose to get rid of the constituent of unfairness in fabric and vesture. An understanding on fabric and vesture ( ATC ) really does is to give market place entree to developing states and does these throughout two properties.
A: merger
Bacillus: development duty
We should non detect the scientific characteristic of ATC ( understandings on fabric and vesture ) now, but concentrate on what is go oning since January 1, 2005. There is a crowd of inquiries that would turn into greatly of import for trade in fabrics and dress. Pakistan ‘s exports of fabrics and dress are likely to lift 8-billion us dollars score in 2003-04 to old old ages about US $ 7-billion exports, current sky-scraping monetary values of narration non defying. Pakistan will confront every bit intimidation and chances from January 1, 2005.
The fundamental job which will crash exports in 2004, but non yet determined are:
1. Whether the EU ( European Union ) and U.S.A. will allow carry-over in 2004 as required by all lifting states.
2. Whether bringing received January 1, 2005 beyond will be free irrespective of the twelvemonth of bringing or may be, for these, suited quota license could be indispensable, or these supplies may be drove back or taken away by imposts.
3. How the EU make a scheme to contract with free activities of supplies from the 10 fresh associate states which will link the Europe brotherhood on May 1, 2004.
Pakistan by no agency is capable to wholly utilize portion available to it ; normally, 25 % of the quotas stay unutilized. The proportion ingestion of quotas remains unutilized. In 2002, an entireness sum of 4,646 million regular hexahedron metres be offered to Pakistan from the listed states. An sum of 1,147 million corsets unutilized. Per unit monetary value obtain in 2002 ; the unutilized value explains US $ 600 million ( Osaka Senken, 2004 ) .
Cotton and cloths have the greatest industrialised base. In the old old ages, the subdivision of knitwear, cover, dry points and chosen material of ready to hand apparels have shown an important increasing tendency in exports. Though, the Pakistani fabric factory is relatively weak in unreal fibre goods, natural fibre apparels and fancy vesture.
The impact of complete add-on is likely to hit this sector hard. Because of back-loading, the restrictions would remain in topographic point till the terminal of 2004. As a consequence, no change epoch would be offered to the fabrication. This unexpected barter from a limited to a unfastened ambiance would certainly attach to the change troubles of untrained units ( Osaka Senken, 2004 ) .
The farther influential characteristic since January 1, 2005 will be:
1. Skills on which there has non been equal centre until now. The customary vision of negotiants, so as to contemptible employment and a rich bringing of narration is non true any longer.
2. After that is user spirit. Requirement for cotton and for cloth and vesture is common. So we should develop a spirited benefit on the goods and services that we had a comparatively addition on it.
3. While there will be no limitations on exports ; nevertheless competition from China and the Asiatic Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams with evident add-ons in the non-tariff fencing should be kept in position.
Uruguay unit of ammunition was established because it was thought that in twelvemonth 2005 this unit of ammunition would be a unit of ammunition to stop other unit of ammunitions. EU, Japan and other states made a anteroom to originate a new unit of ammunition. In November 2001, 4th WTO Ministerial meeting, the Doha enlargement plan, fundamentally the start of a new polygonal trade dialogue unit of ammunition was certified. Fresh jobs were raised, and these jobs were discussed in 2005. The fifth Ministerial Conference commence in Cancum, Mexico gave the impression that the urbanised universe required to eat its bar and hold it excessively.
On the other manus the unpleasant act, accomplishment, transmutation, of import militias, market place, peculiar revenue enhancement negotiations and peculiar local proviso should be followed.
To sum up, the Pakistani fabric fabrication should non relay on usual market place, theoretical accounts and conventional ways, because there is no confidence that the offered theoretical account will prevail as it is..
Chapter 3
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dr. Noor Ahmed Mammon, ( 2010 ) analyzed the constitution and development of the jean bomber sector. Harmonizing to him, the weaving portion in Pakistan by and large is paying intense attending to the important success of the jean bomber sector. The vesture industry of Pakistan openly benefits from the latest developments in the jean adding up advanced monetary value to the fabric formed in Pakistan. The Denim country in Pakistan still much smaller in footings of graduated table is taking the system for the whole industry.
Aftab A Khan & A ; Mehreen Khan ( 2010 ) analyze the challenges of this decennaries, and analyze that Pakistan faces the toughest challenges in this decennaries. Harmonizing to their research the internal status of Pakistan is really bad and the exporters face the immense challenges. The exporters of Pakistan face crises of electricity dislocation, Shortfall of Gas, high rising prices rate, political instability, terrorist act, high involvement rate, and job of the foreign visas. Harmonizing to their study the Government of Pakistan should take stairss to work out these jobs because textile industry is backbone of our exports.
Jodie Keane et Al, ( 2008 ) examine the occupation of cloth and vesture industry in expansion and enlargement schemes in developing states. They propose that fabric and vesture industry are important in economic and societal conditions, in the short-run by supplying income, occupations, peculiarly for adult females, and foreign exchange grosss and in the long-term by supplying states the opportunity for continued economic growing. Harmonizing to them, the potency of the cloth and vesture industry to lend to long-term enlargement and advancement will depend non merely on the features of the investor, but besides on the worth every bit good as efficiency of authorities policies and establishments in lifting states to set up on this trade.
Dr. A. Ali & A ; Mohammad Munir ( 2008 ) analyzed the Pakistan ‘s fabric export in international market. They analyze that the portion of the bed wear, towels and knitwear has increased over the last six to seven old ages and they became the major export of our fabric sector. The portion of the other textile points like hose, jean and other fabric points remained inactive and changed marginally. The survey besides tell that after the quota free government in fabric the competition increased excessively much so Pakistan need to concentrate on the quality of the merchandise.
Afia Malik, ( 2004 ) examines the state of affairs of Pakistan fabric industry after the constitution of WTO ( 1995 ) . After the constitution of WTO in 1995 the trade between developing to developed states should wholly liberate quantitative limitations on fabric goods and trade governed by the normal GATT regulations. The study examines the growing of the fabric industry after WTO ( 1995 ) . The study examines the current state of affairs of fabric sector and besides examines the different sections of fabric industry. The study tells that cloth and vesture are the major sections of our fabric sector but in international the portion of these two sections is low to compare with others that are why competition is really high. Another job of our fabric sector is the quality of merchandises the quality of our merchandises is low to compare with international markets. We need to utilize the advanced engineering in our fabric sector and better our quality and capacity.
Hildegunn k. Nordas, ( 2004 ) examines the construction of the fabric and vesture industry and discusses about engineering and the promotion the fabric sector. They examine the growing of the sector after the quota riddance. They say that after riddance of quota the fabric sector in the underdeveloped states perform good. They say that after the constitution of the WTO ( 1995 ) the trade forms are changed in the states.
Rodrik and Rodriguez, ( 2000 ) summarized the theoretical foundations and empirical grounds of a dynamic nexus from trade policy to economic growing. This literature reappraisal is based on reduced-form cross-country arrested developments.
Mahmood et Al, ( 1996 ) Pakistan will hold an extra market entree of about 62 per centum and 67 per centum for fabric and vesture severally with the obliteration of MFA in 2005.
Akhter Alam ( 1991 ) examines the growing of the fabric industry in Pakistan. He say that fabric industry of Pakistan truly developed during 1950 to 1970, and have major portion in growing of the economic system, but in the reign of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto the nationalisation policy of the authorities consequence the industry excessively much and investing in the industry became zero. However the growing and betterment have seen in the industry during the last few old ages.
Trela and Whalley ( 1990 ) are the economic experts who estimate that Pakistan would 0.008 $ billion US dollars after the remotion of the quota and duty. However, take merely the bilateral quota but the duties were non removed. That ‘s why the Pakistan and other developing states faced crises. Developed states was non want to take the duty because they feel that after remotion the duty they faced crises in her ain fabric industries.
Chapter 4: Methodology
4.1. SAMPLE SIZE
The sample of the survey was 80 respondents and survey was based on a study which was conducted with different respondents.
4.2. Research Tool
Questionnaire
Web sites
Articles
4.3. DATA COLLECTION
Data was collected through questionnaire and other beginnings i.e. web sites, articles etc.
4.4. DATA ANALYSIS
Collected informations was analyzed through computing machine. Table and graphs were prepared harmonizing to informations received.
4.5. SURVEY RESULTS
1. What is your gender?
Male
50
Female
30
62 %
38 %
male
female
2. Make you believe that fabric industry of Pakistan is lending significantly towards economic growing?
Yes
59
No
11
Do n’t cognize
10
3. The development of the fabric industry is straight related to the development of the economic system?
Yes
60
No
13
Do n’t cognize
7
4. The fabric sector of Pakistan Acts of the Apostless as the anchor of the economic system.
Agree
50
Strongly hold
20
Disagree
10
5. Enhancement of the fabric industry will hike up economic growing in the state.
Agree
55
Strongly hold
20
Disagree
5
6. Make you believe that fabric industry was more successful before the constitution of WTO?
Yes
20
No
40
Do n’t cognize
20
7. Are WTO policies favourable for Pakistan ‘s fabric industry?
Yes
57
No
8
Do n’t cognize
15
8. Make the fabric industry of Pakistan grow after the constitution of WTO?
Yes
59
No
7
Do n’t cognize
14
9. The fabric sector is considered as the individual major determiner of growing in fabrication sector.
Agree
30
Strongly hold
40
Disagree
10
10. Bad political status and administration of the authorities of Pakistan has been a menace to the fabric industry.
Agree
50
Strongly hold
20
Disagree
10
11. Pakistan ‘s bad image portrayed by the international media is impacting the public presentation of its fabric industry or non?
Yes
66
No
8
Do n’t cognize
6
12. Lack of substructure is a hinderance in the manner of development of the fabric industry.
Agree
50
Strongly hold
25
Disagree
5
13. Were WTO policies helpful for the growing of fabric industry of Pakistan?
Yes
59
No
7
Do n’t cognize
14
14. Did you believe that development of the Pakistan economic system depends mostly on its fabric sector?
Agree
35
Strongly hold
25
Disagree
20
15. Is the present non-quota government of WTO greatly in favour of Pakistan ‘s fabric industry?
Yes
60
No
10
Do n’t cognize
10
16. Make you believe that Pakistan needs to concentrate more on value add-on.
Agree
60
Strongly hold
10
Disagree
10
17. Public-private interaction can turn out helpful in heightening productiveness of fabric industry.
Agree
60
Strongly hold
12
Disagree
8
18. Can betterment of substructure enhance fabric productiveness, and therefore increase economic growing in Pakistan?
Yes
68
No
5
Do n’t cognize
8
19. The abolition of fabric and vesture export quotas is in favour of Pakistan ‘s fabric sector.
Agree
55
Strongly hold
18
Disagree
7
20. Constitution of human resource development centres can assist hike textile productiveness.
Agree
50
Strongly hold
28
Disagree
2
Chapter 5: Decision AND Recommendation:
The undermentioned parts have been adapted from the World Bank Report of 2004 titled “ cloth and garments scheme Note: suggestions for Pakistan to extinguish cloth and garments sell abroad quotas ”
5.1. Policy recommendations:
The policies are given below which we can utilize in Pakistan ‘s fabric sector.
Improve Productivity degree
After the abolishment of quota system Pakistan demand to concentrate on the enhance production capacity in fabric sector. Pakistan need to concentrate on the value added points, manner garments and the concluding goods. Fabric sector is back bone of our state development, so Pakistan needs to concentrate on this sector which contributes more than half of the GDP. After enhance the production sector capacity Pakistan can easy accomplish the challenges of majority measure orders on clip ( largely from USA ) .
Improve procedure Efficiency
Pakistan must concentrate on the production procedure of fabric and increase the efficiency degree on that country where cost is comparatively higher to compare with others because this higher cost has negative impacts on the growing.
Improve quality of the Merchandise
Quality of the merchandise plays of import function in international market, so Pakistan must necessitate to concentrate on the quality of fabric merchandises. After abolishment of quota system the competition increased excessively much between the developing states to capture the market of USA and EU. Soon the quality is the lone cardinal factor through which we can increase our production.
Diversification of the fabric Industry
Change is the planetary phenomena. Pakistan did non concentrate on the one section of the fabric sector ; Pakistan must concentrate on the other sections like manner points, jean, ladies bags, towels, babe ‘s apparels, jumpers and other merchandises. Soon Pakistan merely focuses on the work forces ‘s knit shirts, bed sheets and hose points. Pakistan must diversify his fabric sector with transition of clip.
Provide Investment Opportunities
Pakistan must concentrate on the addition the investing opportunities both at national and international degree. Following are the major hurdlings in Pakistan investing procedure:
Deficit of the electricity
Poor disposal
Low productiveness of the labour
Law and order conditions in Pakistan is really bad, no investing take topographic point in security menace. Pakistan must concentrate on better the security conditions.
Increase the substructure installations
If Pakistan solves these cardinal issues the investing in Pakistan additions dramatically.
Promotion of Regional Trade Agreements ( RTAs )
Pakistan focuses on the regional trade understandings because soon the planetary state of affairs of the universe wants the regional trade. In regional trade the cost of trade is comparatively low to compare with other universe. Pakistan must subscribe the fabric trade understandings with regional states like India, Iran, Afghanistan, China and Arab universe. Pakistan mark ‘s the understandings like SAARC and ECO.
Focus on labour intensive merchandises
Pakistan is the 6th most thickly settled state of the universe and the largely population of Pakistan is unemployed, so the Pakistan must necessitate to concentrate on the labour intensive sectors. The fabric sector of Pakistan is the labour intensive sector and it has the of import function in overall employment. Pakistan need to concentrate on those sections of the fabric where more labourers are required like extremely manner points and ladies apparels.
Public-Private Interaction
Public – private interaction is really impotent in every sector. The authorities of Pakistan should take stairss to increase the public – private interaction. The authorities should ease the fabric exporters and starts the fabric preparation schools at national degree. The authorities should take stairss to get down research and development plan in fabric sector.
Increase Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI )
FDI program an of import function in the development of any country.FDI in fabric industry of Pakistan has reached to 4 $ billion US during the last four to five old ages, which has led to better the productiveness of the fabric sector, both in footings of quality and measure. Increase investing generates more than 300,000 new occupations in different sections of fabric. However, the volume of investing is non satisfactory as compared with the possible available in Pakistan ‘s Textile Sector. There is pressing demand of investing to upgrade the whole system of fabric.
Emphasis on Value Added and concluding merchandises
Pakistan should emphasis on the concluding goods and value added merchandises. Pakistan is the taking exporter of the narration, cotton and cloths but Pakistan should emphasis on the garments, hose, knitwear, manner points, towels and other fabric goods. The export of these goods would increase the export volume and the growing rate of the state.
Better the accomplishments of labourers
Pakistan authorities should necessitate to concentrate on the constitution of the labour accomplishment centres. These centres developed the human accomplishments and increase the efficiency. The authorities should concentrate to increase the Numberss of the vocational and proficient institutes where advanced instruction gives to the labourers.
5.1.14. Constitution and enfranchisement of Labs
After the constitution of WTO the universe trade required some enfranchisement from different international certified research labs like ISO, WRAP, etc. These international criterion research labs did non put their office in Pakistan so that Pakistani exporter ‘s spend batch of her money to acquire the enfranchisement. If WTO and Government of Pakistan attempt to set up these research labs in Pakistan so cherished foreign exchange can salvage.
Cast of making concern is high
Soon the cost of making concern in Pakistan is really high to compare with the regional states like India, China and Bangladesh, which became the ground that Pakistani merchandises face the high competition in international market. It is feared that if the cost of making concern in Pakistan is non similar with the regional states so there is no topographic point of Pakistani merchandises in international market. So that Pakistan need to concentrate on the production cost and quality.
Focus on Man Made Fibers ( MMF )
Pakistan need to concentrate on the manmade fibres ( MMF ) , and bit by bit increased these fibres in production procedure. .
In a nutshell, Textile industry of Pakistan is lending significantly towards economic growing. Development of the fabric industry straight related to the development of the economic system. The fabric sector of Pakistan Acts of the Apostless as the anchor of the economic system. Enhancement of the fabric industry will hike up economic growing in the state. Lack of substructure is a hinderance in the manner of development of the fabric industry. Constitution of human resource development centres can assist hike textile productiveness. An addition in the productiveness of fabrics and garments would increase the overall national public assistance of Pakistan.
