Environmental Dynamism On The Effectiveness Of Sisp Accounting Essay

External environment and strategic information systems planning ( SISP ) have received important scholarly attending in the past two decennaries. The old researches identify the competitory force per unit area of the external environment as an of import facilitator for SISP usage ( Teo and King, 1997 ) .The importance of SISP has increased in relevancy among information systems research workers and practician and it remains as one of the top issues in information systems country. In today ‘s dynamic market environment, concern success relies to a great extent on the effectivity of SISP, which is the first phase of IS be aftering theoretical account. Harmonizing to Bechor, Seev, Moshe and Glezer ( 2010 ) SISP refers to the procedure of strategic thought that identifies the most desirable IS on which the house can implement and implement its long-run IT activities and policies. It is a mechanism for guaranting that IS activities are aligned with the administration ‘s germinating demands and schemes ( Bechor et al. , 2010 ; Sabherwal and Chau, 2001 ) .

There are many different ways of specifying little, micro and medium endeavors ( SMMEs ) , assorted from size to gross. The present survey has been conducted within the South African context, the appropriate scheme here would be to follow the definition provided by the National Small Business Act of 1996, as amended by Act 26 of 2003, which defines SMME as: “ Any entity, whether or non incorporated or registered under any jurisprudence, dwelling chiefly of individuals transporting on little endeavor concerns in any economic sector and established for the intent of advancing the involvements of or stand foring little endeavor concerns, and includes any federation dwelling entirely or partially of such association and administration ” . From that definition the South Africa SMME sector is classified in four classs severally: survivalist endeavor, micro endeavor, little endeavor and medium endeavor.

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Small, micro and medium endeavors ( SMMEs ) represent an of import vehicle to turn to the challenges of occupation creative activity, economic growing and equity in South Africa. SMMEs play a critical function in absorbing labor, perforating new markets and by and large spread outing economic systems in originative and advanced ways provided an appropriate enabling environment is created ( South Africa, 1995 ) . Harmonizing to Le Roux ( 2006 ) , South Africa ‘s 2 million SMMEs represent 98 % of the state ‘s entire figure of houses, employ 55 % of the labour force and lend 42 % of the state ‘s pay measure. From these statistics fabricating SMMEs remains an of import sector lending 18.6 % to Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) , and using more than one million people ( South African, 2008 ) .

The administration mark of the present survey was the medium enterprises, it have been described as the largest of the SMMEs. It is proprietor controlled, the ownership and direction construction is more complex and it employs a upper limit of between 100 and 200 people ( South Africa, 2008 ) .

The intents of this survey are, foremost to look into if environmental dynamism will be more influential to SISPP Phases in fabrication endeavors compared with non-manufacturing endeavors. Second, to analyze the relationship between strategic information systems be aftering procedure ( SISPP ) stages and the success of SISPS in fabrication endeavors and in non-manufacturing endeavors. And thirdly, to analyze through empirical observation if the presence of dynamic environment can strongly chair the relationship between strategic information systems be aftering procedure ( SISPP ) phases and strategic information systems be aftering success ( SISPS ) in both endeavors. To depict the results of this research, this paper is organised in the undermentioned manner. The following subdivision, depict the theoretical foundations of research variables and research hypotheses. Following that, there is a subdivision depicting the research procedure and the methods employed. The analysis of the informations together with a treatment of the consequences, decisions and deductions of this research are discussed in the last subdivision.

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES, RESEARCH VARIABLES AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

Theoretical positions

Previous IS research workers have found out that external environment defy today ‘s concern directors. It forces them to be more careful strategic contrivers ( Newkirk and Lederer, 2007 ) . Many writers contend that it is under force per unit area of external environment that strategic planning could come to the bow. Supported by the information uncertainness position, they argue that external environment increases the demand for information assemblage and hence SISP ( Cohen, 2001 ) . SISP can be used to cut down uncertainness, and is progressively recognised as a necessity for administrations to last and be able to undertake uncertainness rapidly and robustly in order to prolong and heighten concern fight ( Brown, 2008 ) .

Sabherwal and King ( 1992 ) suggested that more extended SISP would be more successful, because it would assist contrivers understand the impact of the external environment and better respond to it. Teo and King ( 1997 ) identified the competitory force per unit area of the unsure environment as an of import facilitator for SISP usage. Hopkins and Hopkins ( 1997 ) found that environmental factors emerged as a more influential determiner of SISP. Choe et Al. ( 1998 ) through empirical observation showed a positive relationship between perceived environmental uncertainness and SISP. Grover and Lederer ( 1999 ) studied the influence of environmental uncertainness on the strategic usage of information systems and found out that environmental uncertainness is an of import forecaster of SISP patterns.

The present research contained one independent variable: Strategic Information Systems Planning Process ( SISPP ) with five stages viz. : strategic consciousness, state of affairs analysis, scheme construct, scheme preparation and scheme execution. One dependant variable: Strategic Information Systems Planning Success ( SISPS ) with four dimensions, viz. : alliance, analysis, cooperation and betterment in capablenesss. And one moderated variable: external environment characterised on the intent of the present survey by the environmental dynamism.

2.2. Research variables

Strategic Information Systems Planning Process ( SISPP )

SISPP has been the nucleus of much involvement in the old SISP literature but there is no understanding about what the formal methodological analysis is. Mirchandani and Lederer ( 2008 ) stated that there was no industry criterion for SISP attacks, as administrations, perchance with the aid of external advisers, developed their ain in-house attacks. Whatever attack or combination of attacks is chosen, it will so hold to be adapted to accommodate the environment, civilization, experience and accomplishments bing within the administration.

SISPP, has been defined in the context of the current research as a procedure of look intoing external and internal administration ‘s environments for the purpose of positioning information systems in relation to the concern. Issues and chances identified in this appraisal should ensue in bring forthing strategic waies of future information systems investings ( Zijad, 2007 ) .

Previous surveies have developed and used SISPP theoretical account which aim to increase the practical utility of information systems ( IS ) be aftering within administrations. This SISPP theoretical account contained three procedure elements, viz. : stages, phases, and faculties. The stages are generic scheme preparation stairss that can be applied to any corporate scheme development procedure. There are five stages in SISPP theoretical account which are: strategic consciousness, state of affairs analysis, scheme construct, scheme preparation and scheme execution. Each stage is divided into phases. Phases are considered to be semi-autonomous constituents of work which can be planned comparatively independently. Phases are farther divided into faculties. Faculties can either be units of work or aggregations of activities ( Musangu and Kekwaletswe, 2011 ; Newkirk and Lederer, 2006 ; Menzas, 1997 ) .

The first stage of SISPP theoretical account called strategic consciousness has for intent to explicate major inquiries and supply replies comparatively to the administration and its competition. The state of affairs analysis is the 2nd stage its end is to analyze the bing concern and IS state of affairs in the administration and identifies the specific strengths and failings. The 3rd stage is scheme construct, in this stage the IT purposes, chances for betterment and the of import IT schemes are identified. The 4th stage, scheme preparation clarifies new concern procedures, new IT architectures, specific new undertakings and the precedences for the new undertakings in term of the maps, hierarchies and duties. Final stage is called scheme execution, in this stage the direction attack, action program, follow-up and control process are depicting in order to supervise and command the cost and to pull off the execution procedure ( Newkirk and Lederer, 2007 ; Mentzas, 1997 ) .

The extent to which an administration can transport out each stage and undertaking have used to measure the SISPP.

Strategic Information Systems Planning Success ( SISPS )

The success of SISP has been operationalised in footings of the accomplishment of organisation be aftering aims as either a individual or multi-factor concept ( Mirchandani and Lederer, 2008 ; Segars and Grover, 1999 ; Raghunathan and Raghunathan, 1994 ) .

Harmonizing to Segars and Grover ( 1998 ) the appraisal of SISPS can non be reduced to such simple fiscal steps as return on investing, payback or internal rate of return. In this context, they built an instrument and through empirical observation verified a second-order theoretical account based on these two positions for SISP success. Their instrument used four dimensions to mensurate SISPS, viz. : alliance, analysis, cooperation and betterment in capablenesss.

Alignment dimension was described as the linkage between IS scheme and concern scheme. Its brand easy buying and deployment of information engineering that is in conformity with the administration ‘ competitory instead than bing forms of use within the administration ( Grover and Segars, 2005 ) . Analysis dimension has been described as the apprehension of internal operations of the administration in footings of procedures, processs and engineerings ( Newkirk, Lederer and Srinivasan, 2003 ) . Cooperation dimension has been identified as the understanding between directors and users refering development precedences, execution agendas and managerial duties. The intent of cooperation is to avoid struggle which may destruct the execution of strategic IS program ( Newkirk and Lederer, 2007 ; Grover and Segars, 2005 ) . The last dimension was capablenesss its has been described as the betterment in the potency of the planning system. An effectual SISP should hold a high perceived degree of part to assorted facets of organizational effectivity ( Newkirk and Lederer, 2007 ; Grover and Segars, 2005 ; Newkirk, Lederer and Srinivasan, 2003 ) .

These four SISPS dimensions have been used to measure the SISPS in this research.

External Environment

External environment has been defined as physical and societal determiners outside the boundaries of the administration those are taken straight into consideration ( Chi, Jones, Lederer, Li, Newkirk and Sethi, 2005 ) . External environment is an of import construct in the SISP research but merely small survey has been conducted to look into the influence of external environment on SISP ( Brown, 2008 ) . Almost of old external environment and SISP survey have integrated it stability facet or environment uncertainness

Environmental uncertainness is defined as the frequent and unpredictable alterations in client penchant, technological development and competitory behavior perceived by directors ( Lin and Ho, 2010 ) . It has regarded as the most of import factor influencing director determination devising. Teo and King ( 1997 ) characterised environmental uncertainness by the presence of environmental dynamism, environmental heterogeneousness and environmental ill will.

For the intent of this paper external environment is characterised by the presence of environmental dynamism. All administrations operate in dynamic market and in most of clip the markets worlds are rapidly become disused ( Cohen, 2008 ) . Taking into history of that dynamic facet the environmental dynamism has been characterised by the rate of alteration and invention in the industry, every bit good as the capriciousness of the actions of rivals and clients ( Lederer and Sethi, 1998 ) . Teo and King ( 1997 ) found out that environmental dynamism was associated with greater degrees of integrating between concern planning and SISP. Greater dynamism requires higher degrees of cooperation and coordination between concern and IS ( Brown, 2008 ; Grover and Segars, 2005 ) .

Sabherwal and King ( 1992 ) position dynamism as the capriciousness of the external concern environment, as evidenced by alteration and obsolescence. Dynamism affects the importance of information processing because as environmental dynamism additions, successful houses must do strategic determinations more rapidly. Dynamic environments increase the house ‘s demand for information resources which can ease inter-organisational linkage by bettering information treating capablenesss such as the edifice of a cognition base, the seeking out of new concern chances, and the development and direction of competitory enterprises ( Grover, 1997 ) .

The questionnaire developed and used antecedently by Teo and King ( 1997 ) has been used in this survey to mensurate environmental dynamism.

Hypothesiss

It is good known that the capriciousness of environment alteration create uncertainness, taking in history of fact that environmental uncertainness challenge director in determination devising. Analysis in environmental dynamism might be expected to assist director in acquiring more cognition about environmental alteration. This would do it possible to understand and developed programs that are less vulnerable to effects of that alteration ( Newkirk and Lederer, 2006 ) .

2.3.1 Environmental dynamism and SISPP

Environmental uncertainness can be measured by the presence of dynamism. Environmental dynamism is characterised by two factors represent two separate concepts. The first factor is chiefly concerned with frequent alterations in the environment and the 2nd is chiefly concerned with the predictability of the environment ( Teo, 1994 ) . In environmental dynamism context the director determination devising can be influenced negatively. The competitory market force fabricating SMMEs to offer an array of new merchandises for intent to remain competitory in the market. Therefore, the usage of be aftering procedure will be more prevailing in the fabrication endeavors because of capriciousness of market alteration than non-manufacturing endeavors. These statements support the first set of hypotheses:

H1: Environment dynamism will be more strongly influential to SISPP Phasesaˆ¦aˆ¦

H1A: Strategy consciousness

H1B: Situation analysis

H1C: Strategic construct

H1D: Strategic preparation

H1E: Strategic execution

aˆ¦..in fabricating SMMEs than in other industries.

2.3.2 SISPP and SISPS

In the context of environmental uncertainness, be aftering procedure can get by to the environmental dynamism effect and lead to the organisation success. Therefore, the usage of be aftering procedure can strongly relative to success in fabricating endeavors than in non-manufacturing endeavors. These statements support the 2nd set of hypotheses:

H2: Strategy consciousness will be strongly comparative to SISPS in fabricating endeavors than in

non-manufacturing endeavors.

H3: Situation analysis will be strongly comparative to SISPS in fabricating endeavors than in

non-manufacturing endeavors.

H4: Strategic construct will be strongly comparative to SISPS in fabricating endeavors than in

non-manufacturing endeavors.

H5: Strategic preparation will be strongly comparative to SISPS with in fabrication endeavors than

in non-manufacturing endeavors.

H6: Strategic execution will be strongly comparative to SISPS in fabricating endeavors than

in non-manufacturing endeavors.

2.3.3 SISPP and SISPS under Environmental dynamism

In dynamism environment context, director can utilize SISP to cut down the rate and capriciousness of environment alteration. High degree of environmental dynamism can increase the likeliness that SMMEs will place chances for utilizing SISP resources ( Grover and Lederer, 1999 ) .

Harmonizing to Newkirk and Lederer ( 2006 ) the accomplishment of SISP in environmental dynamism is critical to contrivers. Analysis in dynamism environment might be expected to bring forth greater cognition about rivals, resources, clients and regulators. Therefore, the presence of environmental dynamism can strongly chair the relationship of SISPP stages to success in fabricating endeavors than in non-manufacturing endeavors. These statements support the 2nd set of hypotheses:

H7: Environmental dynamism will strongly chair the association between scheme

consciousness and SISPS in fabricating endeavors than in non-manufacturing endeavors.

H8: Environmental dynamism will strongly chair the association between state of affairs analysis

and SISPS in fabricating endeavors than in non-manufacturing endeavors.

H9: Environmental dynamism will strongly chair the association between strategic

construct and SISPS in fabricating endeavors than in non-manufacturing endeavors.

H10: Environmental dynamism will strongly chair the association between strategic

preparation and SISPS in fabricating endeavors than in non-manufacturing endeavors.

H11: Environmental dynamism will strongly chair the association between strategic

execution and SISPS in fabricating endeavors than in non-manufacturing

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The instrument

Demographic features were measured by agencies of demographic information ( DI ) , which were included single factors such as gender, age, educational degree, IS experience, SISP experience, continuance of employment with the current SMMEs, range of SISP, be aftering skylines, IS employees, SMMEs primary industry and SMME ‘s size.

The measurement instruments used in this survey have been used in the old surveies ( e.g. , Mirchandani and Lederer, 2008 ; Newkirk and Lederer, 2007 ; 2006, Newkirk, 2001 ; Mirchandani, 2000 ; Segars and Grover, 1998, Teo and King, 1997 and Mentzas, 1997 ) .

The above research workers used the questionnaire instrument, which consists of five-point Likert-scales, in order to operationalise the undermentioned three concepts: SISPP, SISPS and environmental dynamism

Sampling frame and sampling process

The sampling frame adopted was the 2009 edition of “ Who Owns Whom in South Africa ” , published by McGregor. This directory contains the names, rubrics, references of top computing machine executives in South Africa. The entities within the directory include little endeavors, micro endeavors, medium endeavors, big houses, educational establishments, infirmaries and governmental bureaus.

In developing a desirable bomber frame, ( I ) all big houses, infirmaries, educational establishments and governmental bureaus were eliminated from consideration ; ( two ) the occupation rubrics of cardinal sources staying in the frame were examined as a agency of finding the degree of planning activity ; ( three ) medium enterprises with a senior executive transporting the occupation rubric of main information officer, frailty president, manager of strategic planning, manager of MIS or caput of IS/IT set up in Gauteng state were retained. This attendant bomber frame contained 518 SMMEs. From this frame 350 SMMEs were chosen at random.

Data aggregation

A questionnaire was mailed out to 350 CIOs, information systems directors or caput of information systems in medium endeavors established in South Africa Gauteng state. Of the 350, 92 keys informant returned the study. Out of the sum returned ( 92 ) , 73 were useable for analysis and 19 were non. In add-on, a sum of 48 studies returned during the follow-up, 45 were useable for analysis and 3 were non. On the whole, a sum of 140 responses have been received from both the initial and follow-up mailing, 118 were useable for analysis but 22 were non. Of the entire 22 responses found unserviceable for analysis, 13 were discarded from analysis because some inquiries were non completed, 2 respondents returned with notes that their administrations do non take part in studies and 7 returned with notes that their administrations were non utilizing SISP. Thus, the gross responses rate of the research study was 40 % , of which, 118 returns ie, 34 % were suited for analysis. The gross response rate and useable response rate received for the present survey is rather high compared with old SISP surveies conducted antecedently ( Mirchandani and Lederer, 2008 ; Newkirk and Lederer, 2007 ; 2006 ; Chi et al. , 2005 ; Vedabrata et al. , 2002 ; Kunnathur and Zhengzhong, 2001 )

DATA ANALYSIS

Common method discrepancy, response prejudice, dependability and cogency of research variables

The returned studies were examined for non-response prejudice to corroborate that the determination to react was uninfluenced by non-random events or motivations. If the determination to react is random, so the timing of the response should non significantly act upon the value of study steps ( Kerlinger, 1986 ) . Multivariate analysis of discrepancy was used to measure whether differences among early and late respondents were associated with different responses. The analysis indicated no important differences in several cardinal variables tested for the studies. This is consistent with the absence of non response prejudice in the studies.

Since dependant and independent variable information was collected from a individual key source ( caput of IS/IT ) . The caput of IS/IT is typically seen as the most knowing individual to measure SISP, its context, and its results ( Premkumar and King, 1992 ) . However, multiple topics per organisation are preferred in order to cut down common method discrepancy, which arises from utilizing one single and can account for a relationship between similar steps ( Newkirk and Lederer, 2006 ; Podsakoff and Organ, 1986 ) .

Harman ‘s one factor trial was used to prove for the presence of common method discrepancy prejudice. The consequences of this analysis on our informations revealed 9 factors with an Eigen value greater than one and no individual factor explained most of the discrepancy. Such consequences are consistent with the absence of a important discrepancy common to the steps.

In order to measure the dependability of all research variables steps, the internal consistence was calculated utilizing Cronbach ‘s alpha which indicated the grade of internal consistence among the measuring points and is reciprocally related to the grade to which a step is contaminated by random mistakes ( Wang and Tai, 2003 ) . As provided in table 1, the consequences in the present research indicate that all research variables concepts have an acceptable Cronbach ‘s alpha degree.

Table 1 Reliability coefficient of research variables

Variable

Number of points

Cronbach ‘s alpha

SISPP

Strategic consciousness

Situation analysis

Strategy construct

Strategy preparation

Strategy execution

SISPS

Alliance

Analysis

Cooperation

Capabilities

ENVIRONMENT DYNAMISM

26

5

6

4

5

5

30

8

8

7

7

4

.76

.70

.79

.75

.82

.82

.87

.80

.87

.82

.86

.78

Profile of respondents

Responses for demographics informations are provided in tabular arraies 2 to 10 for both fabrication and non fabrication medium endeavors. Responses were presented by frequence and per centum to mensurate the undermentioned responses: gender, age of respondent, instruction degree, information systems experience, SISP experience, employment with the current endeavor, range of SISP, be aftering skyline and information systems employees.

The frequence and per centum of respondent gender are given in table 2. From this table 14 % of respondent were female and 86 % were male in the fabrication enterprises whereas 29 % were female and 71 % were male in the non-manufacturing endeavors

Table 2 Gender

Gender

Non Industry

Industry

Freq

%

Freq

Female

26

29

4

Male

64

71

24

Entire

90

100

28

The manner of answering age was between 36 and 45 old ages for the both classs, such as presented in table 3 below.

Table 3 Age of respondent

Old ages

Non Industry

Industry

Freq

%

Freq

26 – 35

12

13

0

36 – 45

47

52

21

46 – 55

28

31

5

Over 55

3

4

2

Entire

109

100

28

The consequences provided in the tabular array 4 shown that most of respondent had a postgraduate grade in both endeavors following by some postgraduate school in fabrication and 2 old ages college in non-manufacturing endeavors.

Table 4 Education degree

Education

Non Industry

Industry

Freq

%

Freq

Some college

1

1

0

2 old ages college

14

16

5

4 old ages college

9

10

2

Some postgraduate school

3

3

8

Postgraduate grade

51

56

10

Other

12

14

3

Entire

90

100

28

The information systems experience was higher for non-manufacturing endeavors IS executives than for their opposite numbers in fabrication endeavors. Table 5 below presented IS experience consequences.

Table 5 IS experience

Old ages

Non Industry

Industry

Freq

%

Freq

6 – 10

17

19

0

11 – 15

22

24

14

16 – 20

35

39

6

21 or more

16

18

8

Entire

90

100

28

The SISP experience was non differing for fabrication and non-manufacturing endeavors. More than 80 % of respondents had a SISP experience ranged between 1 to 10 old ages. Merely 3 % had SISP experience over 11. Table 6 below nowadayss the dislocation of the SISP experience.

Table 6 SISP experience

Old ages

Non Industry

Industry

Freq

%

Freq

0 – 5

44

49

19

6 – 10

41

46

7

11 – 15

3

3

1

21 or more

2

2

1

Entire

90

100

28

The consequences in table 7 shows higher employ stableness in fabrication endeavors than in non-manufacturing. 43 % of fabrication respondents were employed in the current endeavor for a period ranged between 11 and 15 old ages whereas 39 % were employed in non-manufacturing for a period between 6 and 10 old ages.

Table7 Employment SMMEs

Old ages

Non Industry

Industry

Freq

%

Freq

0 – 5

25

28

10

6 – 10

39

43

6

11 – 15

22

24

12

16 – 20

4

5

0

Entire

90

100

28

Enterprise was a SISP range for 96 % of fabrication and 70 % of non-manufacturing. Table 8 below provides the dislocation of the range of SISP consequences.

Table 8 Scope of SISP

Scope

Non Industry

Industry

Freq

%

Freq

Function

2

2

0

Division

15

17

1

Enterprise

63

70

27

No response

10

11

0

Entire

90

100

28

The planning skyline was usually distributed for the two samples with 71 % of fabricating utilizing 3 old ages be aftering skyline and 52 % of non-manufacturing in the same degree.

Table 9 Planning skyline

Horizon

Non Industry

Industry

Freq

%

Freq

1 twelvemonth

1

1

0

2 old ages

8

9

2

3 old ages

47

52

20

4 old ages

15

17

6

More than 5 old ages

9

10

0

No response

10

11

0

Entire

90

100

28

The consequences provided in table 10 show that more than 70 % of endeavor employed less than 10 staff in the IS section in both endeavors.

Table 10 IS employees

Number

Non Industry

Industry

Freq

%

Freq

Less than 10

65

72

26

10 – 24

17

19

1

25 – 49

6

7

1

50 or more

2

2

0

Entire

90

100

28

Comparison of correlativities

4.4.1 Environmental dynamism and SISPP

It has found out in the old surveies that the increasing of environmental dynamism influence the endeavors information processing. In the context of high dynamism successful endeavors must do strategic determinations more rapidly. Dynamic environments increase the house ‘s demand for information resources which can ease inter-organisational linkage by bettering information treating capablenesss such as the edifice of be aftering procedure, the seeking out of new concern chances, and the development and direction of competitory enterprises ( Grover, 1997 ) .

Ten coincident multiple arrested developments examined influence of environmental dynamism on SISPP stages. For each arrested development, topics were separated in fabrication endeavors and non-manufacturing endeavors. The consequences are interrupting down in table 11.

All equations were statistically important except strategic construct in fabrication endeavors. The values of were ranged from.063 to.630 for fabrication endeavors whereas in the non-manufacturing there were ranged from.112 to.269 demoing the dynamic environment importance in the SISPP stages.

Table 11 Consequences of the multiple arrested developments utilizing environmental dynamism as independent variable

Dependants variables:

SISPP Phases

Independent variables: Environmental dynamism

F

Standardized coefficients

Phosphorus

beta

T

Fabrication ENTERPRISES ( n = 28 )

Strategic consciousness

.313

2.337

.009**

.613

.565

12.687

Situation analysis

.000

.001

.999

.448

.379

6.493

Strategy construct

-.095

4.457

.652

.063

-.055

.535

Strategy preparation

.134

.732

.471

.281

.191

3.127

Strategy Implementation

.069

.421

.678

.412

.338

5.602

NON-MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES ( n = 90 )

Strategic consciousness

.346

2.663

.006**

.116

.085

3.757

Situation analysis

.318

2.444

.017*

.112

.081

3.619

Strategy construct

.444

3.517

.001**

.163

.134

5.597

Strategy preparation

.412

3.179

.002**

.153

.123

5.060

Strategy Implementation

.325

2.749

.007**

.269

.243

10.530

Significance at *p & lt ; .05, **p & lt ; .01, ***p & lt ; .001, ****p & lt ; .0001

One of the five beta coefficients is important in the fabrication endeavors while all five beta coefficients are statistically important for non-manufacturing endeavors. These consequences suggest that environmental dynamism is more influential in non-manufacturing endeavors than in fabrication endeavors.

4.4.2 SISPP and SISPS

The of import function of SISPP in the success of SISP has been shown in the old direction information systems researches during the past two decennaries. The left portion of table 12 provides the empirical consequences of relationship between SISPP stages and SISPS for fabrication and non-manufacturing endeavors utilizing multiple arrested developments analysis and SISPP stages as independent variable. All five beta coefficients indicate statistic significance at P & lt ; .05 for fabricating endeavors while four of five beta coefficients are statistically important at the same P degree for non-manufacturing endeavors.

Multiple moderated arrested developments

To look intoing the moderate influence of environmental dynamism in the relationship between SISPP stages and the success of SISP, the multiple moderated arrested developments in the right portion of table 12 were performed.

Two coincident moderated arrested developments equations were carried on to analyze the moderated function of environmental dynamism in the relationship between SISPP stages and SISP success. For each equation, topics were separated in fabrication endeavors and non-manufacturing endeavors. .

Both equations were statistically important at P & lt ; .0001. The values of for non-manufacturing endeavors are higher than for fabrication. Four of the five beta coefficients are important for fabrication endeavors and merely two of the five beta coefficients are important for non fabrication endeavors. The consequences provide in table 12 suggest that environmental dynamism

Table 12 Consequences of the multiple moderated arrested developments

Mugwumps variables:

SISPP Phases

Dependent variables: SISPS

Moderated variable:

( SISPP Phases * Environmental Dynamism )

F

Standardized coefficients

Standardized coefficients

beta

T

Phosphorus

beta

T

Phosphorus

Fabrication ENTERPRISES ( n = 28 )

Strategic consciousness

.158

2.48

.015*

.143

2.20

.030*

.554

.550

143.97

Situation analysis

.267

3.26

.001**

.167

2.21

.029*

Strategy construct

.247

3.58

.001**

.205

2.91

.004**

Strategy preparation

.281

4.14

.000***

.198

2.85

.005**

Strategy Implementation

.744

11.99

.000***

.104

1.16

.165

NON-MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES ( n = 90 )

Strategic consciousness

.126

2.08

.040*

.110

1.77

.040*

.612

.605

90.56

Situation analysis

.170

2.02

.046*

.103

1.39

.167

Strategy construct

.163

2.26

.026*

.138

1.97

.011*

Strategy preparation

.110

1.77

.080

.057

.689

.492

Strategy Implementation

.599

8.84

.000***

.065

.772

.441

Significance at *p & lt ; .05, **p & lt ; .01, ***p & lt ; .001, ****p & lt ; .0001

moderate more the relationship between SISPP and SISPS in fabricating endeavors than in non-manufacturing endeavors.

Discussion

This survey had three aims. The first aim was to look into if environmental dynamism was more influential to SISPP Phases in fabrication endeavors compared with non-manufacturing endeavors. The 2nd aim was to analyze the relationship between strategic information systems be aftering procedure ( SISPP ) stages and to the success of SISPS in fabrication endeavors and in non-manufacturing endeavors. The 3rd aim was to analyze through empirical observation if the presence of dynamic environment can strongly chair the relationship between strategic information systems be aftering procedure ( SISPP ) phases and strategic information systems be aftering success ( SISPS ) . The consequences of hypotheses proving are summarise in table 13. Of the 11 hypotheses, the empirical analysis supported 9 hypotheses ( H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9 and H10 ) but 2 were non supported ( H1 and H11 ) .

5.1 Environmental dynamism and SISPP stages

The consequences revealed that environmental dynamism is non more influential of SISPP stages in fabrication endeavors than in non-manufacturing endeavors. On the surface merely one sub-hypothesis strategic consciousness stage was statistically important for the fabrication enterprises whereas all sub-hypotheses in the non-manufacturing endeavors were statistically important. These consequences make hypothesis H1 non supported. Therefore, environmental dynamism is less influential the planning procedure in fabrication. This determination is contrary to the theory. In pattern fabrication endeavors are characterised by the high rate of alteration and invention in the industry every bit good as the capriciousness of the actions of rivals and clients ( Lederer and Sethi, 1998 ) .

Table 13 Summary of consequences

Hypothesis

MULTIPLE REGRESSIONS

MULTIPLE MODERATED REGRESSION

Decision

H1

H1A

H1B

H1C

H1D

H1E

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Not supported

Not supported

Not supported

Not supported

Not supported

Not supported

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

*

**

**

***

***

Supported

Supported

Supported

Supported

Supported

H7

H8

H9

H10

H11

*

*

**

**

N

Supported

Supported

Supported

Supported

No supported

Significance at *p & lt ; .05, **p & lt ; .01, ***p & lt ; .001, ****p & lt ; .0001

5.2 SISPP Phases and the success of SISP

The consequences provided in the left portion of table 12 shown that all beta coefficients were statistically important for fabrication endeavors and four of five betas were important in non-manufacturing endeavors. These consequences make supported hypotheses H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6. The execution of be aftering procedure is an of import forecaster for success of SISP in fabricating endeavors than in non-manufacturing. In the intent to derive competitory advantage in the market main executive officer ( CEO ) and main information officer ( CIO ) have to foremost, collaborate in the procedure of alliance between concern scheme and information systems scheme and secondly, be more careful in the execution of be aftering procedure.

5.3. SISPP Phases and the success of SISP upon environmental dynamism

The right portion of table 12 presents the empirical consequences of analyzing chairing function of dynamic environment in the relationship between strategic information systems be aftering procedure ( SISPP ) phases and strategic information systems be aftering success ( SISPS ) . Two moderated arrested development equations were performed to prove the survey hypotheses. Of the five fabrication endeavors hypotheses four were statistically important and one non. Whereas, two were statistically important in the non-manufacturing endeavors and three were non. These consequences make supported hypotheses H7, H8, H9 and H10 while H11 was non supported. It is good cognize that environmental dynamism and capriciousness of environment alteration challenge today director in the doing determination procedure and the usage of be aftering procedure can cut down dynamic environment impact and leads to success ( Newkirk and Lederer, 2006 ) . The consequences suggest that environmental dynamism influence strongly the relationship between SISPP and SISPS in the undermentioned stages: strategic consciousness, state of affairs analysis, scheme construct and scheme preparation in the instance of fabrication endeavors.

IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Decision

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