The subject I have chosen to establish my literature reappraisal on is environmental public presentation in concern. With respects environmental public presentation in concern the chief subjects I have sourced from my readings are environmental direction and its deductions on concern public presentation in footings of fiscal public presentation, environmental direction systems and invention and environmental direction. I have besides identified the cardinal pieces of literature from each writer. I have compared and contrasted articles with respects their content on the subject and noted similarities with respects the writer ‘s findings.
Environmental Performance in concern
Environmental public presentation is defined by ISO 14031 as a house ‘s success in pull offing the relationships between its merchandises, activities, or services, and the natural environment. In bend, cut downing the environmental impacts manufactured from a house ‘s activities, merchandises, and services, improves environmental public presentation ( Rikhardsson, 1998 ) .
Main Writers
From my reading of the literature the chief writers I have identified with respects the subject are:
Green Management & A ; Fiscal Performance:
Jose Molina
Jose Moneva
Bruce Clemens
Kevin Watson
Environmental Management Systems:
Evangelos
Gonzalez
Invention and environmental direction:
Ramanathan
Aldonio Ferreira
Main issues sing the subject
Under the subject Environmental Performance in Business I have analysed the literature under the undermentioned headers:
Green direction and fiscal public presentation
Invention and environmental ordinance
Environmental direction schemes
Literature Reappraisal:
Headings:
For the literature reappraisal I have grouped the literature under the undermentioned headers:
Under my first header I aim to analyze the relationship between environmental management/ green direction and fiscal public presentation in concern. I aim to place whether this relationship is overall positive or negative.
Green direction and fiscal public presentation
Article 1: “ Green Management and fiscal public presentation: a literature reappraisal ”
Article mention:
Jose F. Molina-Azorin, Enrique Claver-Cortes, Maria D. Lopez-Gamero, Juan J. Tari , ( 2009 ) , ” Green direction and fiscal public presentation: a literature reappraisal ” , Management Decision, Vol. 47 Iodine: 7 pp. 1080 – 1100
Aim
The aim of this paper was to carry on a literature reappraisal of the quantitative surveies that have analysed the impact of green direction on the fiscal public presentation of companies ( Molina, 2010 ) .
Methodology
With respects the methodological analysis of the paper the quantitative surveies were conducted in the signifier of a literature reappraisal that analyse the impact of environmental direction on fiscal public presentation. In entire 32 surveies were conducted with consequences being obtained from these surveies ( Molina, 2010 )
The article weighs up the positives and negatives associated with the nexus between green direction and fiscal public presentation and makes remarks based on the findings from the informations aggregation. The article consists of a considerable literature reappraisal of the quantitative surveies that show the impact of green direction on fiscal public presentation within concern.
The literature reappraisal consists of literature under the undermentioned headers:
Arguments for positive and negative relationship between green direction and fiscal public presentation.
Environmental mgmt schemes
Pollution
Reappraisal of literature – high spots
The literature within the article highlights the positive and negative links between green direction and fiscal public presentation.
This article seeks to do a part to the argument about the grounds to
implement environmental schemes, transporting out an extended reappraisal of the green
management-financial public presentation nexus. In our sentiment, moralss and societal
duty in general, and green direction in peculiar, should be a key
portion of concern. ( Molina, 2009 )
Green direction can supply chances to cut down costs and increase grosss. Ambec and Lanoie ( 2008 ) point out that there are four chances companies can do usage to cut down costs ( hazard direction and dealingss with external stakeholders ; cost of stuff, energy, and services ; cost of capital ; and cost of labor ) and three chances to increase grosss ( better entree to certain markets ; distinguishing merchandises ; and selling pollution-control engineering ) ( Molina, 2009 )
More loosely, environmental direction can better stakeholder relationships
and prevent dearly-won stakeholder struggles ( Hull and Rothenberg, 2008 ) . Stakeholder and
institutional theories portion a conceptualisation of organisations being embedded
within a wider societal system that shapes their behavior. An organisation ‘s
relationships with establishments and stakeholders are assumed to play a important
function in both the definition and finding of success ( Donaldson and Preston, 1995 ) .
Effective direction of relationships with cardinal stakeholders can lend to
enhanced fiscal public presentation through the creative activity, development, or care of
ties that provide of import resources to companies ( Jones, 1995 ; Brammer and
Millington, 2008 ) .
Negatives:
Those proposing a negative relationship between environmental direction and
fiscal public presentation argue that houses seeking to better environmental public presentation
drag direction and resources attempt off from cardinal countries of the concern, ensuing
in reduced net incomes. In this theory, directors can non do both environmental and
competitory betterments in the concern ( Hull and Rothenberg, 2008 ; Klassen and Whybark, 1999 ) .
Agency perspectives on corporate societal and environmental public presentation argue that
absent strong control from stockholders, directors can utilize corporate
resources to aim ends that enhance their ain public-service corporation in ways that are improbable to
supply important returns to companies. Consequently, good societal and environmental
public presentation semen at the disbursal of good fiscal public presentation because societal and
environmental public presentation make usage of steadfast resources in ways that confer important
managerial benefits instead than giving those resources to alternative investing
undertakings or returning them to stockholders ( Blanco et al. , 2009 ) .
The most outstanding expostulation to corporate societal duty was the classical
economic statement proposed by Milton Friedman ( Lee, 2008 ) . Friedman ( 1962 ) argued
that the societal duty of a corporation is to do money for its stockholders,
Consequences / Decisions
With respects the findings obtained from these surveies, the consequences varied with the bulk of the surveies tilting towards a positive impact between environmental and fiscal public presentation. The findings within the paper demonstrate that the group of industries, states and houses varied ( Molina, 2010 )
Restrictions
With respects restrictions or spreads in research can be identified from the paper in that the research does non take into history surveies that environmental direction influenced environmental public presentation ( Molina, 2010 )
Practical Deductions
With respects the practical deductions of such a paper the article offers interesting quandary for direction within houses in relation to imposing and perpetrating to a green direction program in order to have increased net incomes. Besides the paper could be deemed as valuable in that a considerable literature reappraisal was conducted with spreads for future research nowadays ( Molina, 2010 )
This article strikes a similarity with Jose Moneva ‘s paper in that both portion the same consequences in that there is an overall positive relationship between green environmental direction and fiscal public presentation. In relation to the figure of surveies conducted for the methodological analysis subdivision they are similar with 23 in Moneva ‘s paper and 32 in Molina ‘s paper.
Article 2: “ Corporate environmental and fiscal public presentation: a multivariate attack ”
Jose M. Moneva, Eduardo Ortas, ( 2010 ) , ” Corporate environmental and fiscal public presentation: a multivariate attack ” , Industrial Management & A ; Data Systems, Vol. 110 Iodine: 2 pp. 193 – 210
Aim
The aim of this paper is to foreground and measure the significance of the nexus between corporate environmental and fiscal public presentation. This is conducted in order to demo directors how equal and proper direction of environmental factors could assist lend to an addition in fiscal public presentation of the company. ( Moneva, Ortas, 2010 )
Methodology
With respects the methodological analysis subdivision of the paper the paper analyses the environmental and fiscal public presentation of 23 European companies. The committedness to environmental public presentation is analysed under the stakeholder attack and later linked with the fiscal public presentation of the company. For the first clip in this survey a partial least squares model has been applied ( Moneva, Ortas 2010 )
Summary of literature – high spots
The chief grounds for obtaining the differences in the mark of the relationship, when associating CEP and CFP, are the different methodological analysiss used for mensurating these concepts, along with the varying clip periods and geographic countries considered.
Results/ decisions
With respects the findings from the paper, the consequences produced support the theory that houses who manage to get higher rates with respects environmental public presentation later show greater fiscal public presentation degrees in the hereafter ( Moneva, Ortas, 2010 )
Restrictions
With respects restrictions in the research the deficiency of a long series of informations for environmental public presentation for companies poses a barrier for a broader analysis of the survey. The research highlights the utility of the multivariate theoretical account in relation to the analysis of fiscal and environmental public presentations of houses ( Moneva, Ortas, 2010 )
Practical Deductions
With respects the practical deductions of the findings within this paper the paper highlights the demand for directors to take into consideration environmental direction factors when outlining policies ( Moneva, Ortas, 2010 )
Article 3: “ Impact of environmental direction system execution on fiscal public presentation: A comparing of two corporate schemes ” ,
Article mention:
Kevin Watson, Beate Klingenberg, Tony Polito, Tom G. Geurts, ( 2004 ) , ” Impact of environmental direction system execution on fiscal public presentation: A comparing of two corporate schemes ” , Management of Environmental Quality:
An International Journal, Vol. 15 Iodine: 6 pp. 622 – 628
Aim
The intent of this paper is to prove and suggest a model to quantify Environmental direction systems betterments in order to find the influence of EMS schemes on the fiscal public presentation of a house ( Watson et al, 2004 )
Literature – high spots
This article portions similarities and portions a commonalty with the first article in that Friedman ‘s theory is besides referenced.
This is one step of an organisation ‘s overall public presentation, and from the stakeholder strategic intent, it is the intent of the house ( Friedman, 1970 ) .
Methodology
The survey proposes to find whether the ECOQ model can be utilized to
granary support for EMS schemes by set uping a nexus between environmental
stewardship and fiscal public presentation. To prove this relationship, two propositions are
formed: ( Watson, 2004 )
Results/ Decisions
The findings from the research conducted in this paper suggest that there is a positive nexus between the execution of an Environment Management Strategy and the fiscal public presentation of a house ( Watson et al, 2004 )
This can be linked to Molina ‘s paper in that positive nexus is developed between environmental direction and fiscal public presentation.
Article 4: The Effect of Corporate Environmental Performance. on Financial Outcomes – Net incomes, Revenues, and Costss: Evidence from the Czech Transition Economy
Article mention:
Dietrich & A ; Earnhart. ( 2010 ) . The Effect of Corporate Environmental Performance. on Financial Outcomes – Net incomes, Revenues, and Costss:
Evidence from the Czech Transition Economy
Aim
This article analyses the consequence that corporate environmental public presentation has on the fiscal public presentation of a house. In item it assesses the strength of the nexus between good environmental public presentation and net incomes and in which way. The article divides net incomes and costs in order to place the channels that environmental direction has on net income grosss within a house. ( Earnhart, 2010 )
Literature – high spots
This paper examines the nexus from corporate environmental public presentation to fiscal
public presentation. In peculiar, we assess whether better environmental public presentation affects net incomes, and if true, through which channel: grosss, costs, or both ( Earnhart, 2010 )
Konar and Cohen ( 2001 ) happen a significantly positive consequence of good environmental public presentation, as measured by low toxic emanations, on houses ‘ intangible plus values.
Similarly, Austin et Al. ( 1999 ) demonstrate that good environmental public presentation, as captured by low toxic emanations and risky waste disciplinary actions, positively affect fiscal rates of return.
Methodology
To analyze the consequence of corporate environmental public presentation on fiscal public presentation, we
exploit informations on houses in the Czech Republic between 1996 and 1998, which is an first-class site and clip period for our survey ( Earnhart, 2010 )
Results/ Remarks
This article can be compared with Molina and Moneva findings and consequences in that an overall positive relationship is found between environmental public presentation and fiscal public presentation ( Earnhart, 2010 )
Overall findings of 4 articles – “ green direction and fiscal public presentation ” :
All four articles draw similar decisions in footings of an overall positive nexus between environmental direction and fiscal public presentation.
In each of the articles methodological analysiss differ but overall produce the nexus as being positive – each utilizing different sample sizes in different countries.
Potential spreads in research can besides be noted and identified from the four documents with the consequences non wholly conclusive.
Writers who draw similar research into their documents include Molina and Moneva who cite Milton Friedman in both their documents.
Research suggests besides that there is a positive nexus between houses implementing an Environment Management System on fiscal public presentation and that the benefits of such a system outweigh the costs and resources to implement such a system.
Each of the five article reviewed portion differences in relation to methodology but all portion a commonalty in footings of happening positive relationships between environmental direction and public presentation and fiscal public presentation.
With respects article 1 by Molina I would hold this article to be a high precedence with respects researching the nexus between green direction and fiscal public presentation. The article is thorough in nature with respects item and beginnings and high spots all of the positives and negatives in the relationship. The methodological analysis is built on solid quantitative analysis from 32 surveies.
In article 2, Moneva ‘s survey is similar to article 1 with a similar literature reappraisal and methodological analysis. A somewhat smaller sample size is used in the methodological analysis compared to article 1.
Molina and Moneva ‘s documents are similar in that both have gaps in research and restrictions. In the instance of Molina, the research does non take into history surveies that environmental direction influenced environmental public presentation and Moneva, the deficiency of a long series of informations for environmental public presentation for companies poses a barrier for a broader analysis of the survey.
Environmental Management Systems:
Under the header Environmental Management Systems I aimed to place the benefits of implementing such a system, barriers, motivations for execution and success factors.
Article 5: “ Execution of an environmental direction system: the experience of companies runing in Singapore ” , Industrial Management & A ; Data Systems ”
Environmental Management Strategies – barriers, benefits and critical success factors
Hesan A. Quazi, ( 1999 ) , ” Implementation of an environmental direction system: the experience of companies runing in Singapore ” , Industrial Management & A ; Data Systems, Vol. 99 Iodine: 7 pp. 302 – 311
Aim
The paper examines the issues related to houses implementing an Environmental Management System/ ISO 14001 in Singapore. The paper aims to foreground the jobs associated with execution, the critical success factors for such a system and the possible benefits to tauten ‘s of holding such a system in topographic point ( Quazi, 1999 )
Methodology
With respects the methodological analysis seven instance surveies were carried out on companies that were ISO certified or were presently taking to obtain enfranchisement ( Quazi, 1999 )
Literature drumhead – high spots
Barriers to implementation
Barriers that hinder execution of an environmental direction system are identified. These include, complexness of ISO 14001 criterion, legal branchings, deficiency of inducement to
implement, inappropriate attack to execution, deficiency of direction committedness,
deficiency of entire employee engagement, cost of execution and ill-defined duties
of employees ( Quazi, 1999 )
Benefits of implementing ISO 14001
The literature indicates that an environmental direction system ( EMS ) , if right
designed and adopted, may convey touchable benefits and wagess to a house. The benefits
that can be gained include, operational cost nest eggs, sound concern patterns, conformity to regulations and ordinances, conformity to client demands, increased entree to capital, increased fight, improved image in footings of corporate and selling, higher criterions of safety, lower insurance premiums, and restriction of liability ( Quazi, 1999 )
Critical Success Factors
The literature reappraisal reveals a figure of critical success factors that are linked to the acceptance of ISO 14001.These factors include interdepartmental execution squads, top direction committedness, employee and stakeholder engagement, appropriate deputation of authorization and duties and a focal point on concern demands ( Quazi, 1999 )
Article 6:
Evangelos L. Psomas, Christos V. Fotopoulos, Dimitrios P. Kafetzopoulos, ( 2011 ) , ” Motives, troubles and benefits in implementing the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System ” , Management of Environmental Quality: An International
Journal, Vol. 22 Iodine: 4 pp. 502 – 521
Aim:
The aim of this paper is to analyze the motivations and grounds for implementing an Environmental Management System ( ISO 14001 criterion ) . Besides the benefits of keeping such a criterion will be highlighted along with the jobs with respects adhering to the criterion ‘s demands ( Evangelos, 2011 )
Methodology:
With respects methodology a research undertaking was conducted in 53 Grecian companies who are ISO certified. In order to polish and contract down the concepts of the ISO motivations, benefits and troubles an explanatory factor analyses was used ( Evangelos, 2011 )
Consequences:
With respects the consequences derived from the research they are as follows:
With respects the latent concepts of the ISO 14001 motivations, the societal demand, obtaining a competitory advantage and environmentally friendly policy were obtained from the survey ( Evangelos, 2011 )
With respects the grounds for houses to go ISO certified, this was mostly influenced by motivations that were internal to the house ( Evangelos, 2011 )
With respects the troubles of implementing such a system they came in the signifier of the ISO 14001 demands and the sheer finding and committedness of issues sing environmental public presentation. However harmonizing to the research these troubles were non of import or troublesome for houses ( Evangelos, 2011 )
With respects the benefits stemming from such a enfranchisement these came in the signifier of better dealingss with society chiefly due to increased environmental public presentation, better place of the house in the market place, the move from ordinary conventional from patterns to more environmentally sustainable patterns, increased capacity with respects waste processing. Overall from the benefits derived from the survey, the internal benefits to the house surpassed the external benefits ( Evangelos, 2011 )
Issues and restrictions:
The major restrictions derived from the survey comprise of the little size of the sample of the take parting companies and their diverseness with respects their sector and stature. Furthermore the subjective character of the informations collected could be classed as a restriction. With respects further research these two restrictions open the doors for farther analysis and survey ( Evangelos, 2011 )
Deductions ( practical )
In footings of the practical deductions associated with the survey the latent constructs derived from the analysis of ISO may actuate companies that are non presently certified to follow an Environmental Management System in line with ISO 14001. In footings of companies presently ISO certified they can better on their place in order to increase their environmental public presentation ( Evangelos, 2011 )
Article 7: “ Environmental direction system enfranchisement and its influence on corporate patterns: Evidence from the automotive industry ” , International Journal of Operations & A ; Production Management ”
Article mention:
P. Gonzalez, J. Sarkis, B. Adenso-Diaz, ( 2008 ) , ” Environmental direction system enfranchisement and its influence on corporate patterns: Evidence from the automotive industry ” , International Journal of Operations & A ; Production Management, Vol. 28 Iodine: 11 pp. 1021 – 1041
Aim:
The aim of this paper is to analyze the differences that exist in the execution phase of environmental patterns in companies that are certified in ISO 14001 or have an Environmental Management System and those that have neither. Besides the paper investigates companies who are certified in relation to whether they make environmental demands of providers to them ( Gonzalez, 2008 )
Methodology:
A survey dwelling of study informations from automotive providers was completed. 157 interviews were conducted on Spanish directors ( Gonzalez, 2008 )
Results/ findings:
Consequences from the survey conclude that there is a positive relationship between the retentions of an EMS peculiarly ISO 14001 and eco-management and audit strategy, and the environmental demands that these organisations impose on their providers ( Gonzalez, 2008 )
The environmental demands on providers grow with client organisation size, but the grade of internationalisation, measured by the degrees of imports and exports, does non demo a important nexus to these force per unit areas ( Gonzalez, 2008 )
Overall rating of the 3 articles under Environmental Management Systems:
Overall from the research the writers highlight the positive impacts of ISO enfranchisement and the execution of ISO criterions.
In article 5, Quazi describes in item the assorted benefits, barriers to execution and critical success factors for following ISO 14001 enfranchisement. He provides a elaborate but structured literature reappraisal on the affair.
In article 6, Evangelos conducts a similar survey but focused on the motivations behind ISO enfranchisement. This provided the reader with another facet of why houses adopt ISO criterions. His findings were that these motivations were chiefly internal to the house.
In article 7, Gonzalez bases his paper on comparing houses that are ISO certified and those who are non and foreground the public presentation of these houses. Hs consequences conclude that houses who possess ISO enfranchisement excel compared to houses who have no enfranchisement.
In drumhead, all 3 articles focus on the same issues sing EMS with an overall positive relationship derived from the findings between execution of an EMS and better public presentation
Invention and green direction
Under the header Innovation and Green Management, the purpose is to research whether there is a positive or negative nexus between invention and green direction patterns.
Article 8: “ Impact of environmental ordinances on invention and public presentation in the UK industrial sector ” , Management Decision ”
Article mention:
Ramakrishnan Ramanathan, Andrew Black, Prithwiraj Nath, Luc Muyldermans, ( 2010 ) , ” Impact of environmental ordinances on invention and public presentation in the UK industrial sector ” , Management Decision, Vol. 48 Iodine: 10 pp. 1493 – 1513
Aim
The literature highlights the function of environmental ordinances in bring oning invention and bettering public presentation. The whole aim of the paper is to analyze the links between invention, ordinances and organizational public presentation in the UK utilizing sector degree informations ( statistical informations ) ( Ramanathan, 2010 )
Methodology
With respects methodology the paper utilises structural equation patterning to analyze and compare/contrast the links among the three variables at the same time and every bit ( Ramanathan, 2010 )
Consequences
With respects consequences gathered from the survey the consequences indicate that in the UK environmental ordinances are of import in increasing fiscal and economic public presentation of sectors in industry. Besides the research provides consequences that in the short term environmental ordinances imposed can impact invention negatively and in bend invention negatively impacts economic public presentation in these sectors ( Ramanathan, 2010 )
With respects the value of such a survey this is the first survey in the United Kingdom to both focal point on three variables simulataneously utilizing secondary sector informations ( Ramanathan, 2010 )
Article 9: “ Environmental direction accounting and invention: an exploratory analysis ” ,
Aldonio Ferreira, Carly Moulang, Bayu Hendro, ( 2010 ) , ” Environmental direction accounting and invention: an exploratory analysis ” , Accounting, Auditing & A ; Accountability Journal, Vol. 23 Iodine: 7 pp. 920 – 948
Aim
In the modern age increased awareness sing issues of an environmental nature has encouraged houses to implement Environmental Management Accounting. This has said to bring forth many benefits to users including an addition in invention. The intent of this survey is to look into the nexus and besides the function of scheme with EMA usage and invention ( Ferreira, 2010 )
Methodology
With respects methodology a study is utilised in this paper produced and designed to direction comptrollers and fiscal accountants in major Australian concerns ( Ferreira, 2010 )
Consequences
Findingss from the survey suggest that the usage of Environmental Management Accounting has a positive relationship with procedure invention but non with merchandise invention ( Ferreira, 2010 )
Issues/limitations
In footings of restrictions the sample size was comparatively little with the consequences needed to be interpreted carefully. Besides the research proposes that EMA is associated with procedure invention therefore heightening environmental public presentation ( Ferreira, 2010 )
Overall rating of the 2 articles under invention and green direction:
In relation to article 8, Ramanathan reaches the decision that the research provides consequences that in the short term environmental ordinances imposed can impact invention negatively and in bend invention negatively impacts economic public presentation in these sectors.
He emphasizes that in the long footings invention does non ever be negatively influenced by EMS or environmental ordinances.
In article 9, Ferreira focuses on the country of Environmental Management Accounting and its influence on invention. His findings somewhat differ to article 8 that overall a positive relationship exists between EMA and process invention but non merchandise invention.
Decision
In relation to environmental public presentation and fiscal public presentation literature shows that there is a chiefly positive nexus between the two. This is apparent through the findings of Molina and Lopez with backup grounds nowadays from Watson and the Czech survey
In footings of environmental direction systems, there is an overall positive nexus between being ISO certified or holding an EMS than non possessing one in footings of concern public presentation. Interest findings in article 5 by Quazi supply a elaborate penetration into the barriers of execution, benefits and success factors of holding an EMS or being ISO certified
In footings of green direction and invention, Ramanathan reaches the decision that the research provides consequences that in the short term environmental ordinances imposed can impact invention negatively and in bend invention negatively impacts economic public presentation in these sectors, whereas, Ferreira focuses on the country of Environmental Management Accounting and its influence on invention. His findings somewhat differ to article 8 that overall a positive relationship exists between EMA and procedure invention, but non merchandise invention.
