Evaluation of Cloud Computing Adoption in Jordanian Universities
Cardinal words: Cloud computer science, traditional engineering, Jordanian universities, serviceability, security and costs.
1. The Introduction
1.1 Background
Many universities and educational institutes have already accepted the efficiency and potency of utilizing cloud calculating in higher instruction over traditional calculating engineering. Universities and higher educational institutes in United States, Europe and Africa have introduced cloud calculating as their incorporate IT substructure because it has more to offer the educational institutes, concentrating more on research and educational activities than traditional complex IT and package systems ( McRae, 2009 ; Sultan, 2010 ) . This grounds shows that universities and higher educational institutes might cut down costs by utilizing the resources of the cloud computer science services supplier. Therefore, cloud computer science may cut down the operating cost of system ascents and new hardware and package ; besides the energy costs may be reduced, and at that place will no longer be any demand to pay for adept staff.
The traditional IT construction is a development-oriented platform that integrates both hardware and package through a proficient and merchandise combination. This combination requires professional dearly-won proficient applied scientists, and efficient web service. However, troubles arise, since countries with different economic degrees restrict the development in an imbalanced manner, and it becomes hard to portion regional resources, with each resource going redundant or information going isolated, and in the procedure, this wastes resources and additions redundancy ( Sanchati & A ; Kulkarni, 2011 ) . Cloud computer science may offer a practical and cost-efficient daily solution. Furthermore, cloud calculating may cut down the complexness of traditional calculating systems.
Surveies have found that utilizing cloud calculating in higher instruction is still considered as “early adopters” in comparing with other sectors, such as authorities and commercial industries ( Katz, Goldstein, & A ; Yanosky, 2010 ) . The ground for this is that the factors act uponing the determination to implement cloud calculating in universities are different from most other sectors.
Cloud computer science has reduced the complexness of traditional calculating systems at universities to a great grade ( Tout, 2009 ) ; but that is non the lone benefit of utilizing cloud. In an economic context, it has become necessary and the lone option for many universities. Along with the fiscal position, a battalion of factors, including force per unit area of increased income, turning disbursals, competitory environment, institutional public presentation and pupil success rate are besides involved in this scenario ( Sasikala & A ; Prema, 2010 ) .
Jordan is one of the best campaigners in the Middle East to present cloud computer science in its universities and higher educational institutes. It has the highest grownup literacy rates in the Middle East with about 2000 research workers per million people ; Jordan is besides the 3rd most imaginative economic system in the zone after Qatar and United Arab Emirates ( The Hashemite land of Jordan ministry, 2010 ) . In add-on to local universities and colleges, Jordan is a place for several celebrated international universities. Jordan’s universities could be a suited environment for traveling toward cloud calculating from its current IT substructure which is based on traditional engineerings.
1.2 Problem Statement
Although Jordan is located in the bosom of the Middle East states it has a deficit of natural resources such as H2O and oil. However, in malice of the good academic repute of Jordan’s universities, it has been observed that they still use traditional engineerings in their educational environments. Subsequently, this might take to a deteriorating quality of instruction, and a lessening in students’ satisfaction. Since old surveies praised the function of cloud calculating acceptance in diminishing specific costs ; that could help universities of Jordan in the procedure of speed uping the growing of educational system, through apportioning the sums of these costs to scientific research’s intents. In a nutshell, this current survey is initiated to measure and compare the benefits and challenges of cloud calculating acceptance with the barriers and advantages of the current enforced system.
1.3 Literature Review
Since there are legion surveies on the topic of cloud calculating acceptance, for the intent of this current research some of them are summarized below:
Cloud calculating represents a recent technological spring in service proviso. All the proficient facets that were one time created locally for each and every concern are provided as different services on a indictable footing ( Armbrust & A ; Fox, 2009 ) . Cost efficiency is one of the cardinal issues in service-oriented IT architecture for universities and educational institutes. In recent old ages, IT substructure has become the nucleus of research and educational activities as higher educational institutes are switching towards a research-based practical execution of cognition ( Mircea, 2010 ; Bozzelli, 2009 ) . The suiting environment among industry, authorities and educational institutes mostly depends on the parts by the pupils and research workers in order to transform society every bit good as to explicate the scientific discipline, humanistic disciplines and commercialism of the full universe ( Lazowska, 2008 ) .
Cloud calculating can easy be implemented in universities as an extension of service-oriented architecture ( Mircea & A ; Stoica, 2011 ) . The rating of information engineering started with the cyberspace, and in last few old ages, legion services have moved onto an on-line signifier from traditional procedures. However, this transmutation was non easy as it required equal engineering, fast minutess and unafraid entree for big figure of users ( Ivan, VintilA? , Ciurea, & A ; Doinea, 2009 ) .
Cloud calculating plants as a better option in work outing the job, particularly in the educational environment. It non merely solves proficient and security issues, but is besides a cost efficient solution. While seeking for a better scalable attack to IT substructure, many educational institutes find cloud based computer science as a singular chance to carry through big graduated table proficiencies without compromising public presentation. However, to understand these benefits and have the maximal return on their investing, universities and colleges should see the challenges unique to each specific scene. The possibility for one cloud solution for all environments is minimum. From this position, it is indispensable to acknowledge the procedures, services and informations that are suited for the cloud system, and it has no fiscal profitableness without service-oriented architecture.
1.4 Cloud Implementation in Higher Education
There are four chief types of cloud deployment theoretical account: public, private, community and intercrossed. Among them, the private cloud could be the best option for educational institutes as it is a private, multi-tenant substructure that supports and is operated entirely by an organisation. The full system can be managed either by the organisation or a 3rd party. Cloud calculating at universities needs to take certain steps, as it is in an increasing complex environment, including presenting web-based pupil services without a proportionate growing in budget of forces, package and hardware, diminishing entire costs while pull offing the highest degree of privateness, security and capacity to suit a turning figure of devices ( Cloud 101: Developing a Cloud-Computing Scheme for Higher Education, 2012 ) .
Cloud computer science has become common in higher instruction and universities. Many colleges and universities in Commonwealth states have introduced a collaborative system named Virginia Virtual Computing Lab ( Wyld, 2010 ) . The major benefit that the Virginia Virtual Computing Lab offered to these colleges and universities is it reduces IT disbursals by extinguishing the demands of package updating and licensing, in add-on to keeping its ain information centres. It besides initiates an improved environment for IT resources for the pupils and research workers. North Carolina State University experienced a significant decrease of disbursals associated with package licensing, along with cut downing IT staff from 15 to 3 with full working agenda ( Wyld, 2010 ) . Recent research suggested that about 70 % of IT directors in universities and higher instruction preferred cloud computer science over traditional computing machine engineerings, saying that bettering IT substructure is the most important determination factor ( Katz, Goldstein, & A ; Yanosky, 2010 ) . It is expected that the cost of higher instruction will fall by 20 per centum within following five old ages by switching applications to the cloud. This is a serious measure across the industry and an of import chance to better structural efficiency, stimulate invention and increase legerity.
Cloud computer science is an effectual method of larning socially-oriented theories every bit good as general co-op acquisition, and for that, it uses computing machine engineerings to back up common procedures of direction ( Thorsteinsson, Page, & A ; Niculescu, 2010 ) . Cloud computer science is one of the best manner of e-learning, offering educational services, substructure and platforms straight through cloud service suppliers. The system uses informations entree monitoring, centralized informations storage and virtualization in the procedure ( Pocatilu, Alecu, & A ; Vetrici, 2010 ) . For successful e-learning substructure, educational institutes adapted prosodies systems to mensurate the effectivity of bing e-learning solutions based on the cloud.
2. Research Aim and Aims
- The purpose of this research is to place benefits and challenges of following the engineering of cloud computer science in the Jordanian universities.
This chief purpose will be achieved via the undermentioned aims:
- Investigate the impact of cloud calculating acceptance on the cost of Jordanian universities.
- Identify the function of cloud calculating acceptance in easing the serviceability of services which are provided by Jordanian universities.
- Compare the costs of cloud calculating acceptance with the cost of the current enforced engineering.
- Propose a roadmap and Model for Jordanian universities to help them in following Cloud Computing efficaciously.
3. Research Question ( s ) and Hypothesis
3.1 Key research inquiry
Based on the research job, the current research is seeking to reply the undermentioned inquiry:
- What are the benefits of following the engineering of cloud computer science in the Jordanian universities?
This inquiry is spilt into the undermentioned inquiries:
- What is the consequence of cloud calculating acceptance on cost in Jordan universities?
- What is the consequence of cloud calculating acceptance on security in Jordan universities?
- To what extent does overcast calculating acceptance contribute to easing the serviceability of services which are provided by universities of Jordan?
- What are the chief challenges to the acceptance of cloud computer science?
3.2 Research Hypotheses
This survey will accomplish its purposes and aims through proving the undermentioned hypotheses:
- First Main Hypothesis
Hydrogen1:The acceptance of cloud calculating affects the cost of Jordanian universities.
This chief hypothesis is divided into these undermentioned sub-hypotheses:
Hydrogen1.1:The acceptance of cloud calculating affects the cost of care.
Hydrogen1.2:The acceptance of cloud calculating affects the cost of electricity.
Hydrogen1.1:The acceptance of cloud calculating affects the cost of proficient support.
- Second Main Hypothesis
Hydrogen1:The acceptance of cloud calculating contributes in easing the serviceability of instruction services which are provided by the universities of Jordan.
- Third Main Hypothesis
Hydrogen0:The acceptance of cloud computer science could non do the system of Jordanian universities secure.
- Fourth Main Hypothesis
Hydrogen0:There are no statistical differences between the costs that are needed to implement cloud calculating in Jordanian universities and the entire one-year costs which are supposed to be paid for the current system.
4. Conceptual Model
To accomplish the purpose of this research ; the conceptual model is designed as shown in figure 1:
Figure 1:The Proposed Research Model and Hypotheses of Cloud Computing Adoption
5.Research Methodology
This survey aims to measure cloud calculating acceptance in the universities of Jordan. Therefore, to accomplish the survey purposes and aims, the deductive-inductive ‘Mixed’ attack will be employed. This methodological analysis was selected after placing the study’s purposes and aims every bit good as the nature of informations that will be collected from the survey sample, embracing five Jordanian private universities, ten IT specializers, 300 pupils and ten fiscal directors. Specifically, to reply the study’s inquiries and hypotheses ; the research worker will roll up primary informations via a questionnaire from pupils to measure the benefits of the current technological system. The research worker so aims to build a simple application to look into the benefits of following cloud computer science, therefore comparing the differences between the quality of services which are provided by the current conventional system and the system of cloud computer science ; the research worker will so administer 300 questionnaires to the same sample that answered it before carry oning the experiment of cloud computer science.
Additionally, through meeting two fiscal directors from each academic establishments, the research worker will roll up secondary informations from measures and bills of the one-year costs which are assumed to be paid for system care, proficient support and electricity. Through the method of one manner ANOVA analysis the research worker will compare the agencies of these costs with the agencies of costs that are needed to build a sufficient cloud calculating system.
Furthermore, through questioning the 10 specializers from IT departments, the research worker will inquire pre and station inquiries sing the challenges and restrictions of both systems.
6. Research Deductions
The reappraisal of old literature has revealed that there are no old surveies supplying conclusive grounds sing the benefits and challenges of implementing the invention of cloud computer science in the universities of Jordan. Hence, this survey is trying to make full this spread in literature through measuring the acceptance of cloud computer science in the Jordanian universities. The accrued findings of old research are estimated to help these establishments non merely in determining the benefits of this invention but besides in finding the challenges that prevent them from following modern engineerings such as cloud calculating. Subsequently, that might lend to beef uping the system of instruction in Jordan, every bit good as heightening the quality of academic end product, that is indispensable for the procedure of economic growing and development.
Furthermore, findings of this survey are expected to be applicable non merely to the Jordanian society ; but besides to other developing states that might hold a similar civilization and state of affairs ; peculiarly other states in the part of the Middle East.
Mentions
Armbrust, M. , Fox, O. , Griffith, R. , Joseph, A. D. , Katz, Y. , Konwinski, A. , & A ; Zaharia, M. ( 2009 ) . M. : Above the clouds: a Berkeley position of cloud computer science.
Bozzelli, T. ( 2009 ) .Will the Public Sector Cloud Deliver Value? Powering the Cloud Infrastructure. Retrieved May 26, 2014 from CISCO: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/gov/2009_cloud_public_sector_tbozelli.pdf.
Cloud 101: Developing a Cloud-Computing Scheme for Higher Education. ( 2012 )San Jose, CA: CISCO.
Hashemite land of Jordan ministry of higher instruction and scientific research statistics ( 2010 ) . Retrieved May 17, 2014, from ministry functionary web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mohe.gov.jo/brief/briefmohe1/tabid/558/language/en-us/default.aspx.
Katz, R. , Goldstein, P. , & A ; Yanosky, R. ( 2010 ) .Cloud Computing in Higher Education.Retrieved June 1,2014 from EDUCAUSE: hypertext transfer protocol: //net.educause.edu/section_params/conf/CCW10/highered.pdf
Kumar, M. T. , Xavier, N. F. , Ravindranadh, K. , & A ; Rao, M. C. Role of Cloud Computing in Higher Education.
Lazowska, E. L. ( 2008 ) .“Infrastructure for Escience and Elearning in Higher Education. Retrieved May 26, 2014 from Calculating Community Consortium: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cra.org/ccc/docs/init/Infrastructure.pdf
Mccrea, B. ( 2009, August 20 ) .IT on Demand: The Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing in Higher Education.Retrieved May 11, 2014, from Campus Technology: hypertext transfer protocol: //campustechnology.com/Articles/2009/08/20/IT-on-Demand-The-Pros-and-Consof-Cloud-Computing-in-Higher-Education.aspx? Page=1
Mircea, M. G.-M. , & A ; Stoica, M. ( 2011 ) . Uniting Business Intelligence with Cloud Calculating to Delivery Agility in Actual Economy.Journal of Economic Computation.
Pocatilu, P. , Alecu, F. , & A ; Vetrici, M. ( 2010 ) .Using Cloud Computing for e-learning Systems.Retrieved May 31, 2014, from Recent Progresss on Data Networks, Communications, Computers: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wseas.us/elibrary/conferences/2009/baltimore/DNCOCO/DNCOCO-06.pdf
Sasikala, S. , & A ; Prema, S. ( 2010 ) . Massive Centralized Cloud Computing ( MCCC ) Exploration in Higher Education.Progresss in Computational Sciences and Technology, 3( 2 ) , 111-118.
Sanchati, R. , & A ; Kulkarni, G. ( 2011 ) . Cloud Computing in Digital and University Libraries.Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology.
Sultan, N. ( 2010 ) . Cloud Calculating for Education: A New Dawn?International Journal of Information Management( 30 ) , 109-116.
Tout, S. S. ( 2009 ) . Cloud Computing and its Security in Higher Education.Proc ISECON, 26.
Thorsteinsson, G. , Page, T. , & A ; Niculescu, A. ( 2010 ) . Using Virtual Reality for Developing Design Communication.Surveies in Informatics and Control, 19( 1 ) , 93-106.
Wyld, D. C. ( 2010 ) .Cloud Calculating 101: Universities are Migrating to the Cloud for Functionality and Savings.Retrieved May 31, 2014, from Computer Sight: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.computersight.com/programming/cloud-computing-101-universities-are-migrating-to-the-cloud-for-functionality-and-saving
