Evaluation of Tower Mall Project – Doha Qatar Essay

Introduction

Either success or failure in the building oriented undertakings is based on three restraints which are cost, clip and quality and their interrelatedness. Cost control procedure will take major function to drive us in order to command place the existent work carried out in the building.

Without an equal on-going costing system, it will be necessary to expect the readying and understanding of the concluding history in order to set up the profitableness. The chief intent specifically identified the comparing against a present budget.

Cost accountant ever cost cheques and command the contract cost. In sing quality of the building undertaking, the operational costs may be fluctuating by natural stuff monetary values up and down.

The undertaking cost commanding systems is utile for the ongoing or approaching building undertakings.

1. utilizing an illustration of your pick, explicate how interim ratings in the station contract stage were successfully implemented. Identify the troubles faced during the procedure.

Tower promenade Project – Doha Qatar

Main constituents of an interim rating in of this station contract

• Preliminaries
• Measured plants ( Main BOQ as per the contract )
• Variations
• Provisional Sum and probationary Measures
• Evaluation of nominative sub-contractors and providers
• Material on site ( MOS )
• Fluctuation ( Allowed in the contract commissariats )

Importance of interim rating for the station contract

• The interim rating will be the cardinal beginning for the chief contractor to fund their edifice operations and the approaching advancement. And besides it is guarantee a timely payment for the work carried out in the site.
• The chief contractors ever prefer the payment in the method of interim rating to do their hard currency flow in strength and stable. This is seemingly assisting them to manage the sub-contractors interim measures and providers bills to be paid on clip.
• The rating simple to finish by clicking off completed units or per centum advancement, it is besides give a clear thought to the client and contractor to finish the undertaking on clip.
• On the successful execution of an interim rating, the contractor will cognize in progress when and how much they will be paid. It besides provides for a formal notice process if any monies are to be withheld and gives the party having payment the right to suspend work if proper payment is non made and besides to mention any sum that is in difference to adjudication.

Troubles

• In the above mentioned undertaking the preliminaries is straight relative to the chief measure and the fluctuations advancement. In some of the months the fluctuations comes under more skips work, which is seemingly diminishing the advancement of the preliminaries. So the entire advancement will be reduced so the existent advancement carried out on the peculiar month.
• At the clip of interim ratings procedure it is needfully required to warrant the work via review study ( RFI ) to the cost adviser. The chief adviser will ne’er let go of the RFI until the completion of the plants. But as per the contract interim rating is a method of payment against the advancement non based on the review study, So in this instance the chief contractor fighting to warrant they have done the work on the peculiar and besides it delays their payment to following month, so it is impacting the contractor hard currency flow.
• Due to improper informations keeping by the contractor from clip to clip the undermentioned costs can lodge up which are, Approved cost, committed cost, In healed cost, bill cost & A ; prognosis cost.
• On the other manus the review study are detaining to make the chief contractor on clip, it is besides impacting the interim rating advancement, so the last month carried out work can be claimed on following month.
• Due to the monetary value fluctuation of some of the stuff will besides impact the interim rating advancement. For illustration Cu overseas telegram rate due to the London Metal Exchange ( LME ) .

2. Identify four different ratings methods and compare the different applications of those methods. Use illustrations to exemplify your reply.

2. VALUATION METHODS

There are figure of methods of valuing the belongingss each of them has its virtues and demerits. Often, the method alterations depending on whether you are constructing, purchasing or selling the belongings in inquiry and despite remark misperceptions, ratings of a belongings can change significantly depending on the rating method used.

However, before utilizing any method to value a belongings,unfastened market valueis a common agency of rating, which is non an existent rating, instead it’s an educated sentiment of a property’s value if it were to be sold on the unfastened market on a given day of the month with sensible clip and conditions to make so. As such, the unfastened market value is non a mathematical computation of a property’s built-in value utilizing a methodological attack, instead an educated sentiment based on false market status.

Whilst there are many methods of rating, we will merely cover the undermentioned four methods here. These can be summarized as follows,

• Investing method
• Comparative method
• Residual method
• Contractors method

2.1 THE INVESTMENT METHOD

The investing method largely used residential and commercial belongings that is bring forthing. Or has the possible to bring forth, future hard currency flows through the lease of belongings.

Example,

The ICBT office is 5000m2 and net income rented QR 400/m2. Output per centum is 6 % so the capital value will go,

Capital value = ( 5000?400 ) ? ( 6/100 )

= QR 120,000.00

2.2 COMPARATIVE METHOD

In comparative method chief thought is to compare with similar type of belongingss within the given country to judge the comparative value of peculiar one. This is the method most frequently used to accomplish the Open Market Value. For the effectivity of this method, it is necessary to cognize the existent gross revenues monetary values of the belongingss, instead than the more normally published inquiring monetary values, nevertheless an approximative rating can still e achieved utilizing the latter.

Another point to do when utilizing the comparative method is that sometimes the monetary values achieved for a belongings may non really stand for its existent value. For illustration a forced or pressurized sale in which a belongings is sold rapidly can frequently underestimate a given belongings while likewise ; a belongings proprietor who requires some of an adjoining field in order to construct their dream extension may be prepared to pay a higher monetary value therefore overestimating the belongings. This should be borne in head when using gross revenues monetary values as comparings, as on some occasions, the monetary values may be higher or lower than what the existent value of a belongings may be.

Example,

A value is seeking a comparative dealing to assist him value a 2 hectares site. He finds that a 4 hectares site nearby was late sold for QR 9,000,000. He estimates that rectifying unnatural land conditions will be the proprietor QR 1,000,000. So, he implies a entire market value of QR 10,000,000 for the comparative site.

Transportation price=9,000,000

Attention deficit disorders: estimated abnormal=1,000,000

Corrected value=10,000,000

Area of site ( hectares ) =4

Comparative value per hectare =QR 2,500,000

The site for rating is in a better location where monetary values for tantamount belongings are higher so he adds 15 % to the comparative value, doing QR 2,875,000 per hectare.

Valuation Site Calculation,

Comparative value per hectare=2,500,000

Attention deficit disorder: better location increment=15 %

Comparative value for hectare=2,875,000

Area of site ( hectares ) =2

Comparative valuation=QR 5,750,000

Subsequent accommodations may be made for other factors, such as unnatural costs.

2.3 RESIDIUAL METHOD

The residuarymethod valuewhich in footings of belongings development calculates the value person may be prepared to pay for a secret plan of development land, for illustration. The residuary value is frequently utile in ciphering whether a net income can be achieved on a development.

At its most basic, the residuary value expression can be given as follows,

Value of completed undertakinglessentire development costs equal to value of the belongings in its present status.

Example,

A developer wishes to cipher what he can afford to pay for a 3 hectare site utilizing the Residual Method. He assumes he can construct 15,000 M2 of lodging on the site and sell it for QR 3,500 / M2. He estimates development costs at QR 30,000,000 and will necessitate a net income border of 10 % of GDV.

Gross Development Value

For 15,000m2 each at QR3, 500/m2=QR 52,500,000

Less: Entire Development costs=QR 30,000,000

Less: Minimal net income Requirement @ 20 % on GDV =QR 10,500,000

Land value=QR 12,000,000

Equivalent Residual Value per hectare=QR 4,000,000

To derive a more accurate residuary value nevertheless, it would be necessary to include expected grasp or depreciation in monetary value of the development one time complete less entire development costs such as funding and involvement costs, revenue enhancements and even the developer’s net income border which would let for the true residuary value of a site to be obtained.

2.4 CONTRACTORS METHOD

Thecontractor methodof a belongings is the simple cost of the site it is built on and the cost of constructing the belongings itself. Included in the cost of edifice are points such as labour, fit out and any revenue enhancements due. The base cost is frequently a good starting point for ratings required for insurance, scheduling or budgeting.

Thereinstatementcosts used for insurance intent are an extension of the base value, leting for destruction and site clearance fees besides. In the reinstatement cost nevertheless, the monetary value of the land is non included.

Example,

The ICBT land value is QR 3,000,000.00, replacing of the edifice QR 2,550,000.00, depreciation is QR 250,000.00.

Value of the ICBT belongings = 3,000,000 + 2,550,000 – 250,000

= QR 5,300,000.00

3. Using an illustration of your pick, carryout a cost-benefit analysis. Interpret the consequences you obtained for practical usage

Definition

A cost benefit analysis will assist to find how a planned action will turn out either good or hapless. The cost benefit analysis relies on the add-on of positive factors and the minus of negative 1s to find a net consequence, it is besides known as running the Numberss.

Example Cost Benefit Analysis

As the production director, I would wish to suggest the purchase of a $ 20,000 Cu cutting machine to increase end product to our mill. Before I present the proposal to the general director, I need some facts to back up my proposal suggestion, so I have decided to run the Numberss and do a cost benefit analysis.

So I itemize the benefits. With the new machine, so I can bring forth 100 more units per hr. The three workers presently making the film editing by manus can be replaced. The units will be higher quality because they will be more unvarying. So am convinced myself these out weight the costs.

There is a cost to buy the machine and it will devour some electricity. Any other costs would be undistinguished.

So I have to cipher the merchandising monetary value of the 100 extra units per hr multiplied by the figure of production hours per month. Add to that 2 % for the units that aren’t rejected because of the quality of the machine end product. Besides add the monthly wages of the three workers. That’s a reasonably good entire benefit.

Then I have to deduct the entire cost figure from my entire benefit value and the analysis shows a healthy net income. All I have to make now is present it to the top direction. So I have got the right thought.

Accurate Cost Benefit Analysis

Cost Benefit Analysis – Purchase of New Copper Cutting Machine.

Purchase of Machine- includes involvement and revenue enhancements	( – $ 20,000 )
Installation of Machine Including screens & A ; remotion of bing cutters	( – $ 3,125 )
Increased Gross Net value of extra 100 units per hr, 1 shift/day, 5 days/week	$ 27,520
Quality Increase Revenue Calculated at 75 % of current cull rate	$ 358
Reduced stuff costs Purchase of majority supply reduces cost by $ 0.80 per hundred	$ 1,128
Reduced Labor Costss 3 operators salary plus labour o/h	$ 18,585
New Operator Salary plus overhead. Includes preparation	( – $ 8,321 )
Utilities Power ingestion addition for new machine	( – $ 250 )
Insurance Premiums addition	( – $ 180 )
Square footage No extra floor infinite is required	0
Net Savingss per month	$ 15,945

So the above cost benefit analysis clearly shows the purchase of the Cu film editing machine is justified. The machine will salvage about company over $ 15,000 per month, about $ 190,000 a twelvemonth.

4. utilizing an illustration of your pick, explicate how income and outgo curves ( peculiarly the S-curve ) aid contractors command the undertaking cost. You are required to exemplify how a contractor can calculate cost deductions with the usage of S-curve.

S – CURVES

There are many types of curves are available to establish a cumulative value prognosis. But the S-curve is best applied method to the many undertakings where the probationary amounts are equally spread through the contract, as the technique does non let for high outgo probationary points early in the undertaking period. The footing for this method of prediction is the given that the cumulative outgo on any building undertaking usually approximates to an S-shaped curve. Consequently, if takes each monthly payment on a undertaking and add it to the sum of pervious payments, a cumulative S curve will be described.

It works by plotting a graph and figure – 2 gives a cumulative value prognosis utilizing this method for a contract enduring 6 months with a value of QR 160000.

VALUE FORECAST ( CUMULATIVE )
Calendar month	Accumulative value ( QR )	Calendar month	Accumulative value ( QR )
1	7,500	4	120,000
2	40,000	5	152,000
3	80,000	6	160,000

S-CURVE PRESENTATION,

Project Value QR 160,000.00

Control Period 6 months

Fig – 02 S-Curves

The S-Curve which has been found to give a sensible appraisal of value, the quarter-third ( 1/4:1/3 ) regulation gives a good estimate of this curve.

Harmonizing to footing of the regulation is that:

• ? of entire outgo will be made during the first 1/3 of the undertaking timescale
• A farther ? of entire outgo will be made during the in-between 1/3 of the undertaking
• The concluding ? of entire outgo will be made during the concluding 1/3 of the undertaking timescale

Decision

The interim rating should fix in station contract to obtain money which contractor has done work.

The cost control measures operate throughout the building period to guarantee that the authorised cost of the undertaking is non exceeded. Normally the contract amount will stand for the authorised cost, but on occasions the amount can be varied during the contract period by the employer. When fix the concluding history, contractor should include all accommodation cost which above reference ( page 3 ) with agree adviser.

Many building undertakings have negative net hard currency flows until the really terminal of building when the concluding payment is received or advanced payment is received before get downing the undertaking. This is a typical state of affairs when the concluding payment consists of keeping money and the keeping per centum is greater than the net income per centum of the undertaking.

The S-Curve which has been lending harmonizing to the quarter-third ( 1/4:1/3 ) regulation give a cumulative value prognosis.

Mention

1. Jack Ramus, Simon Birchall and Phil Griffiths, 2006. Contract Practice for Surveyors, Fourth Edition, published by Elsevier Ltd
2. Ivor H.Seeley, ( 1997 ) , Quantity Surveying Practice, Second Edition, Published by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD.
3. Potts, K. ( 2008 ) Construction Cost Management, First published 2008 by Tayrol & A ; Francis. Stephenson.
4. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/17567023/15/Interim-ratings