Animalia, Chordata, vertebrata, reptilia(to creep or crawl), Chelonia or testudines(tortoise)
Turtle kingdom, phylum, subphylum, class, and order
Male: long claws and tail, vent is farther back, plastron is concave
Female: convex shell, shorter claws and tails, vent is higher
Female: convex shell, shorter claws and tails, vent is higher
Difference between male and female turtles
Digestive, reproductive, excretory
What 3 body systems use cloaca as exit cavity?
Advantage: can survive on 1/10th of food
Disadvantage: can only go at maximum speed for short periods of time,
can’t live in cold climates
Disadvantage: can only go at maximum speed for short periods of time,
can’t live in cold climates
Advantages and disadvantages of ecotherms
Turtles have a partial septum
How is a turtle ventricle different than a frog ventricle?
3
How many chambers does a turtle heart have?
2
How many loops in a turtle circulatory system
Less toxic
Why is reptile waste in the form of Uric acid better then excreting urea like amphibians?
Reptiles are smaller
Difference between sinus venosus and conus arteriosus in reptiles compared to frogs
Frogs: external
Reptiles:internal
Reptiles:internal
Fertilization: frogs and reptiles
Turtle:direct
Frog: direct
Frog: direct
Development in turtles and frogs
Turtle: tough protective shell
Frog: jelly like substance
Frog: jelly like substance
What covers the egg(turtles and frogs)
Temperature, females are warmer
What determines the sex of a turtle?
1. Holding breath underwater
2. Warming up fast
3. Becoming inactive
2. Warming up fast
3. Becoming inactive
When might a reptile bypass it’s pulmonary circulation and direct blood just to the systematic circulation?
Turtles have alveoli
How are turtle lungs different than frog lungs?
Amniotic egg
What makes scientists think these groups share a common ancestor?
Made by pancreas, causes cells to release stored glycogen into bloodstream as glucose
What is the function of glucagon?
Causes cells to take up glucose from blood and store it as glucose; pancreas
What is the function of insulin? Where is it made?
Made by pancreas, breaks down fats
What is the purpose of lipase?
Made by pancreas, breaks down proteins
Trypsin
Made by all cells, especially liver, storage form of glucose used by animal cells to save energy
Glycagon
Regulates ion and water concentration
Osmoregulation
Ability to keep body temp by absorbing heat from environment
Thermoregulation
Vertebrate deuterstomes
Turtles are
Invertebrate protostomes
Invertebrate deuterstomes
Vertebrate deuterstomes
Invertebrate protostomes
Invertebrate deuterstomes
Vertebrate deuterstomes
Blastopore—> anus, indeterminate radial cleavage
Turtles
Blastopore—>mouth, determinate spiral clevage
Blastopore—>mouth, determinate spiral clevage
Blastopore—> anus, indeterminate radial cleavage
Dorsal nerve cord/ ventral heart
Dorsal nerve cord/ ventral heart
Ventral nerve cord/dorsal heart
Ventral nerve cord/dorsal heart
eucoelomates
Are turtles acoelmates, eucoelomates, or pseudocoelomates?
Closed
Do turtles have open or closed circulation?
Sexually
Do turtles reproduce sexually or asexually?
Separate sexes
Are turtles separate sexes or hermaphrodites?
Direct
Do turtles have direct or indirect development?
Internal
Do turtles have external or internal fertilization?
Bilateral
Do turtles have bilateral, radial, or asymmetry?
Dorsal shell
Carapace
Plastron
Ventral shell
Nostrils
External nares
Part of the heart that pumps blood
Atria
Recieves blood returning to heart from body organs
Sinus venosus
Receives blood returning to heart from lungs
Left atrium
Receives blood from sinus venosus
Right atrium
Smooths flow of blood leaving ventricle
Conus arteriosus
Conus arteriosus and ventricle
Parts of the heart that carry both high and low oxygen blood
Right atrium
Sinus venosus
Sinus venosus
Parts of the heart that carry only low oxygen blood
Left atrium
Part of the heart that carries only high oxygen blood
Stores glycogen and vitamins, processes toxins including nitrogen waste for kidneys, makes bile, makes, stores, and recycles red blood cells
Liver
Makes trypsin, insulin, and glycogen
Pancreas
Eardrum
Tympanic membrane
3rd eyelid that covers eyes like swim goggles
Nictittating membrane
Membrane that connects and holds the digestive organs together
Mesentery
Store urine
Urinary bladder
Stores bile
Gall bladder
Made up of duodenum and ileum
Small intestine
Removes water and concentrates digestive waste
Kidneys
Tubules where sperm mature and grow tails
Epididymis
Tubules that carry sperm from epididymis to cloaca
Vas deferens
Tubes that carry eggs and add shell
Oviducts
Opening to lungs
Glottis
Opening to digestive system
Gullet
Tubes that connect back of throat to inner ears
Eustachian tube
Carries food from gullet to stomach
Esophagus
First part of small intestine where trypsin and bile are added and digestion is finished
Duodenum
Lower part of small intestine where nutrients are absorbed
Ileum
Produces acid and begins breakdown of food
Stomach
Carries air from glottis to bronchi
Trachea
Carries air from trachea to lungs
Bronchi
Exchanges gases
Alveoli
Regulates ion/water concentration, osmoregulation
Kidneys
Circular muscle that controls food passing between the stomach and small intestine
Pyloric sphincter
Collecting space for urine,feces, and eggs/sperm
Cloaca
Exit opening shared by excretory, digestive, and reproductive
Vent
Finger like extensions inside the small intestine that increase surface area and absorb more nutrients
Villi
Air sacs inside lungs that increase surface area
Alveoli
Aka colon
Large intestine
Make organ used to transfer sperm to female
Penis
Partial dividing wall inside ventricle
Partial septum
Removes Uric acid from blood and dilutes it to make urine
Kidneys
Makes thyroxine to control heart rate, growth, metabolism, and reproduction
Thyroid
