Fundamendals of HW and OS Essay

Introduction

In Fundamentalss of Hardware and Operating System ( FHOS ) , I need to larn tonss of information about system faculties, standard peripheral ports, mistake codifications, pressmans, web overseas telegram, cyberspace connectivity, networking capablenesss of Windows XP, system files of Windows XP, windows tools such as Microsoft Management Console ( MMC ) , Event Viewer and Task Manager, installing of two new devices and Windows XP public-service corporations and tools.

Due to the nature of Fundamentalss of Hardware and Operating system faculty, this assignment must be a largely practical exercising, though some undertakings contain theoretical research. To imitate little IT environment with this demands ;

1. Two to three standard Desktop systems

2. Appropriate Network accoutrements

3. Appropriate Internet Connectivity

4. Two different types of Printers ( Inkjet, Laser, Dot-matrix )

5. Windows XP and other required minimal package including device drivers, tools and Utilities

6. Any other extra Hardware and Software

There have five undertakings to make in this assignment with both practical and theoretical construct.

Undertaking 1

To go a good Personal computer Support Technician you need o learn tonss of inside informations about the many pieces of hardware in a typical Personal computer. Even the most basic Personal computer contains 100s of distinct hardware constituents. You need to make the undermentioned activities by opening a Personal computer and so executing the undermentioned actions:

1. Indentify and describe the names, intents and features of system faculties such as motherboard, power supply, CPU, memory faculties, storage devices, show devices, adapter cards, ports and instances in the given machine.

2. Identify the names, intents and public presentation features of the standardised peripheral ports in the machine such as Serial, Parallel, USB, Firewire, DB, RJ, Din, Mini-DIN, Centronics, Associated cabling and their connections.

3. Recognise and list common jobs associated with each system faculty and their symptoms. Closely study the CMOS/BIOS scenes and propose how to trouble-shoot jobs such as POST Error codifications, and infer the most likely causes.

Undertaking 2

1. List the most popular types of motherboards, their constituents and their architecture.

2. Get a screen shooting of your Personal computer ‘s CMOS scene. Identify the intent of CMOS memory in your Personal computer and list what it contains. Describe how and when is it necessary to alter the CMOS parametric quantities.

3. You are required to utilize two different types of pressmans and name the undermentioned information derived from each pressman

   1. What are the pressman engineerings, interfaces and options for ascents available for your pressmans

   2. What are the common pressman jobs which you can anticipate from your pressmans? List redresss for the jobs utilizing appropriate mentions.

Undertaking 3

For this undertaking and subsequent undertakings you need to put up a little Window XP web utilizing at least 3 computing machines. Produce a study with appropriate screen gaining control attesting your practical work and change overing the undermentioned information.

1. Indentify the types of web overseas telegrams, their features and the connection which you will utilize for the web.

2. Research and list five different engineerings available for internet connectivity for your web and name their strengths and failing.

3. List the 5 Networking capablenesss of Windows XP.

Undertaking 4

For this undertaking you need to make a fresh install of Windows XP on a computing machine. Fix a study attesting your practical work covering the undermentioned inquiries:

1. List out the names, locations, intents and contents of any 10 Windows XP system files.

2. Use tools in Windows such as Microsoft Management Console ( MMC ) , Event Viewer and Task Manager on the system. List the practical utilizations of these tools.

3. Install two new devices after you have installed the Operating system and name the processs which you used for adding and constellation the device drivers.

Undertaking 5

Research your hardware and OS package and fix a study

1. Listing the significance of common mistake codifications and startup messages from boot sequence and

2. List the common Windows XP diagnostic public-service corporations and tools, depicting the usageof each of these.

Undertaking 1

Motherboard

Name -Intel Desktop Board D945GCZL

Purpose -To correspond all the constituents and peripherals to each other in Personal computer, form computing machine system.

Characteristics-It contains CPU, memory slot, enlargement slot, ports and

chipset which defines the capablenesss of the motherboard.

It uses BIOS and enlargement coachs and supported by

microprocessor.

Power supply

Name -SteathXStream Power Supply

Purpose -To provide electromotive forces ( AC to DC ) to the circuit and manage

capacity of the circuit, deliver electrical power.

Characteristics-It has 4 pin connection and 4 Molex music directors.

Power supply

Central processing unit

Name -Intel Celeron

Purpose -To accomplish plans, advancement informations from one topographic point to another, put to death mathematical operations and chief informations.

Characteristics-It has 36 bandwidth, 1.6GHz clock velocity and infinite for

64 GB.

Intel Celeron CPU

Memory faculties

Name -DIMM, PROM

Purpose -To save computing machine information

Characteristics- DIMM has 168-pin, 32 or 64-bit coach broad

Memory faculties

Secondtorage devices

Name -Pen thrust, CD-ROM

Purpose -To shop and carry informations on disc

Characteristics-They are removable discs. CD-ROM has approximately 680 Megabits

storage infinite. Pen thrust has variable storage infinite such as 1GB, 2GB, 4GB and 8GB.

Storage devices

Display devices

Name -Monitor, projector

Purpose -To show picture and images

Characteristics-Monitors contain electron gun for PELs. Now, people

were used LCD widely. Power supply of LCD is really low

and LCD is light, thin and level.

Adapter cards

Name -PCI card, Sound card

Purpose -To connect enlargement devices to enlargement slot through it.

Characteristics-PCI card has 264MBps, 64-bit coach and 66 MHz clock velocity

PCI card

Ports

Name -Serial, Parallel, USB ports

Purpose -To connect criterion hardware

Characteristics-Serial port has 9-pin, 3 rows.

Parallel port has 25-pin, 2 rows

Pen thrust and mouse can link to USB ports now.

Ports

Cases

Name -Spedo, Tempest shell

Purpose -For hold the motherboard and other peripherals.

Characteristics- Have a USB front panel so you can link web-cam and other devices to easy-to-reach ports on the forepart of your Personal computer.

It made from steel, aluminium, plastic and other stuffs.

SpedoTempest

Consecutive port

Name-RS 232

Purpose-To provide expressive information

Characteristics-9 pin, 2 rows

Cabling-Celestron RS-232 consecutive overseas telegram maximal length is 50 pess

Connector-DB9, DB25 connection

Consecutive port

Parallel port

Name-printer port

Purpose-To provide pressman for system

Characteristics- 25-pin, 2 rows

Cabling- STP overseas telegram less than 10 pess

Connector-DB-25F D-shell analogue connection

Parallel port

USB port

Name-pen thrust, webcam

Purpose-Joins USB devices to the USB host accountant

Characteristics-480 Mbps full-speed devices, maximal length of overseas telegram is

limited to 5 metres

Cabling- 90-ohm twisted-pair overseas telegram

Connector-plug connections

USB port

Fire wire port

Name- Audio-visual equipment

Purpose- Gives power to the peripheral devices

Characteristics- It has 800Mbps and greater velocity

Cabling-IEEE-1394 overseas telegram

Connector-4-pin 1394 connection

Fire wire port

DB port

Name- VGA port, game port

Purpose- To interface system ‘s web in the enlargement slots

Characteristics-3rows, 15 pin in VGA port and 2rows, 15 pin in game port

Cabling-Ribbon overseas telegram

Connector-DB-15F connection

RJ port

Name – Repeater MT-RJ Port

Purpose – To interface system ‘s web in the enlargement slots

Features – Entire end product DC 12V/3A to provide the devices

Optional 12VDC arranger power supply

Cabling -fiber-optic overseas telegram

Connections – 9 pin bilingual connection, MT-RJ type connection

Unibrain Glass Optical Fiber FireWire 800 IEEE1394b Repeater MT-RJ Port

Din port

Name -Keyboard port in AT motherboard

Purpose -Connect keyboard to the system

Features -It is 5-pin female ports.

Cabling -Coiled overseas telegram

Connections -5-pin Din connection

Din port

Mini-DIN port

Name -mouse port

Purpose -Connect mouse to the system

Features -It is 6-pin female ports

Cabling -Coiled overseas telegram

Connections -6-pin PS/2 connection

Mini-DIN port

Centronics port

Name -SCSI port

Purpose -Connect SCSI adapter card to the system

Features -50 pin

Cabling -Shielded overseas telegram

Connections -Centonics connection

Common Problems

Problem of power supply- Receive power at one device and non another.

For illustration, the difficult thrust may have power, but the

CD-ROM thrust has nil at all.

Problem of CPU -slow bleep from the talker

CPU fan does n’t run if the power is on

Cache in CPU has disabled

100 % CPU use jobs

Problem of keyboard -It produces old fount on the screen

Keyboard with a bad signal overseas telegram mistake message

Incorrect characters formed when you wrote

Problem of soundcard – Can non put in driver

Configure incorrect driver

Incorrect plugged into the talker or MIC port

Problem of motherboard-A CMOS Battery Low message show

DMA accountant failed

Date and clip incorrect

Boot-up mistakes

Problem of proctors -Display blank screen

Poor or losing colourss or one colour

Become seeable raster

Fictional characters are ill-defined

2 Short Beeps Your computing machine has memory jobs. First cheque picture. If picture is working, you ‘ll see an mistake message. If non, you have a para mistake in memory. First look into your SIMM ‘s. Reseat them and bring up. If this does n’t make it, the memory french friess may be bad. You can seek exchanging the first and Bankss memory french friess. If all your memory trials good, you may necessitate to purchase another motherboard.

Low 1-1-3 this is an Drawn-out CMOS RAM job, look into your motherboard battery, and motherboard.

4-3-4 Time of twenty-four hours clock failure. Run the apparatus plan in the computing machine. Check the day of the month and clip. If that does n’t work, replace the battery. If that does n’t work, replace the power supply.

3-3-4 Your computing machine ca n’t happen the picture card. Try to interchange it with another one and see if it works.

4-4-1 Your series ports are misconduct. Replace, the I/O card. If the I/O is on the motherboard itself, disenable it with a jumper and so add an I/O card.

1 Long, 3 Short Beeps you have merely added memory to the motherboard since this is an drawn-out memory failure. By and large this is caused by a memory bit that is non seated decently. Reseat the memory french friess.

7 Short Beeps Your CPU broke overnight. If it ‘s non good by replacing the CPU, you may purchase another motherboard.

9 Short Beeps Your BIOS is bad. Replace the BIOS.

Undertaking 2

I. ( a ) Popular type of motherboard – MSI

Components – CPU socket, Memory unit, Ports etc

Architecture – ATX motherboard

MSI motherboard

( B ) Popular type of motherboard – HP micro

Components – BIOS bit, CMOS battery, Slots etc

Architecture – ATX motherboard

HP micro motherboard

( degree Celsius ) Popular type of motherboard –ASUS M2NPVVM Micro

Components – Sockets, Power connection, CPU fan etc

Architecture – ATX motherboard

ASUS M2NPVVM Micro motherboard

Screen shooting of CMOS puting

Purpose of CMOS memory

To cognize disk-drive parametric quantities.

To acknowledge mistakes.

Set watchword for security.

List

Standard CMOS Features

Advanced CMOS Features

Advanced Chipset Features

Integrated Peripherals

Power Management Setup

PnP/PCI Configurations

Personal computer Health Status

When user wants to rectify day of the month and clip, user clicks Standard CMOS Features and adjusts day of the month and clip.

If user does n’t desire to let other USB pen thrust in computing machine, user can enable Legacy USB support which is in PnP/PCI Configurations.

Printers

1. Technology – Impact e.g. Dot-Matrix pressmans

   Interfaces – RS-232 consecutive port

   Upgrade – Facsimiles

   TVS Proton Dot Matrix pressman

   Technology – Non-Impact e.g. Laser pressmans

   Interfaces – USB port

   Upgrade – Random-access memory faculties

   Hp optical maser jet pressman

   Printer ‘s Problem – Dark musca volitanss in publishing paper

   Redresss – Replace the aureole by altering the toner.

   Clean the extra toner by running many documents.

   Printer ‘s Problem – Printer did non progress paper

   Redresss – Check in control panel that the pressman is on-line.

   If pressman is on-line but paper still non take, you may look into motor and cogwheel in pressman and thickness of paper.

Undertaking 3

Types of web overseas telegrams

Coaxial overseas telegram

Twisted-Pair overseas telegram

Fiber-optic overseas telegram

Coaxial overseas telegram

Coaxial overseas telegram is a overseas telegram which consists of a individual music director. It carries broadbrand signals for CATV in houses.

Characteristics- It is composed of a centre Cu music director wire, an dielectric and shielded with braided metal.

Connections – UHF connections, N connections, BNC connections, TNC connections

Coaxial overseas telegram

Twisted-Pair overseas telegram

It can cut down noise signals and used in informations transit and telecommunications. Good for transportation different signals.

Characteristics-Consists of two or more braces of Cu wires twisted one another.

They have maximal 100m length and their bandwidth is up to 1000mbps.

Connections -RJ 45 modular connection

Twisted-Pair overseas telegram

Fiber-optic overseas telegram

It is a plastic or glass overseas telegram that brings informations as light pulsations for their ocular equivalent

Characteristics-Consists of sheath, Kevlar, interior sheath, optical fibre and nucleus.

It has a maximal length of 2km to 100 kilometers.

Their bandwidth is 10gbps and up.

Connections -ST, LC connections

Fiber-optic overseas telegram

Five different engineerings for Internet Connectivity

1. Digital Subscriber Line ( DSL )

2. Local Area Network ( LAN )

3. ISDN

4. Satellite

5. Radio

1. Digital subscriber line

   Strengths -High-bandwidth connexion

   -High velocity communicating links

   -Used for both telephone and informations communicating

   -Connection can open while the phone line is used

   -Do non necessitate to link with ISP if they want to travel online

   Weakness -Limited distance and conditions of line-quality

   -Filters prevent the stretch of informations so users do non hear sound of digital communicating traveling on

   -Its service is non available in all location

   -It plants better when user is near supplier ‘s office

2. Local area network

   Strengths -Enable to portion resources

   -A really common portion of the computing machine system

   -LAN installing can use connexion devices

   -Perform several connexion maps and all routing services

   -Faster communicating

   Weakness -Security is accessible by computing machine that straight connected to LAN

   -Requests for services that it can non carry through to an appropriate waiter

   -May act as ain ISP for big organisations

   -Only connect in a individual edifice. It is a little site.

3. ISDN

   Strengths – ISDN is much faster than a dialup line

   – Get 2 phone lines from it.

   – It going more widespread

   Weakness -It is non available everyplace going more widespread.

   -An ISDN line costs somewhat more than a regular telephone line,

4. Satellite

   Strengths -Fine download velocities ( up to 1.5Mbps )

   -It is the sender for cyberspace signals.

   -No need to content on the overseas telegram allotment company

   Weakness -Have highly high cost

   -Expensive land station to run

   -If there is really low power, there has weak signal

   -Latency is typically high

   -Some connexions require an bing Internet service history.

5. Radio

   Strengths -Available in PCMICA cards or USB devices

   – Radio Internet provides an always-on connexion which can be accessed from anyplace

   -Can usage in cell phone and tablet Personal computers and usage for high velocity informations, broadcast Television and radio telephone service.

   -Provide a shared transmittal rate of 54Mbps

   Weakness -If there is no wireless connexion near, radio ca n’t available to utilize

   -Expensive to utilize

   -Need to protect with tools

6. 5 Networking capablenesss of Windows XP

   Electronic mail

   Windows XP Home Edition includes Microsoft Outlook Express, which gives you entree to the e-mail inbox provided by your Internet service supplier.

   Web browse

   Windows XP Home Edition besides includes Internet Explorer for shoping the Web.

   Instantaneous messaging

   For instant messaging, you can utilize Windows Messenger to chew the fat with friends utilizing your keyboard, voice, or a webcam.

   Distant Aid

   Everyone needs computing machine aid at some point. When you have a job, you can utilize Distant Assistance to ask for a friend or proficient support applied scientist to link to your computing machine and aid you fix it. Remote Assistance allows you to portion control of your computing machine over the Internet.

   Windows Firewall

   Using the Internet can expose your computing machine to many menaces, including worms, viruses, and hackers. Fortunately, Windows XP Home Edition

   Remote Desktop

   Remote Desktop enables you to entree your Windows XP Professional computing machine from another computing machine on your place web or by utilizing the Internet. Remote Desktop requires a user name and watchword, and besides encrypts all communications, to protect you from most web onslaughts.

Undertaking 4

I.10 Window XP system files

1 Name – intelppm.sys

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers

Purpose-To configure device driver

Content – Processor Device Driver

2 Name – Defrag.EXE

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32

Purpose-Defragment the volumes for computing machine to run quicker

Contented – Disk Defragmenter Module

3 Name – beep.sys

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers

Purpose-To know mistake by short bleep

Content – Beep Driver

4 Name – scsidisk.sys

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers

Purpose-To know PnP disc

Content – PnP Disk Driver

5 Name – cdfs.sys

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers

Purpose-To know CD-ROM

Contented – CD-ROM File System Driver

6 Name – ipconfig.exe

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32

Purpose-To configure IP reference for cyberspace

Content – IP Configuration Utility

7 Name – usbd.sys

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers

Purpose-To recognize USB in computing machine

Content – Universal Serial Bus Driver

8 Name – BootCfg.exe

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32

Purpose-To unfastened boot procedure for gazing window usually

Content – Boot configure tools

9 Name – CHKDSK.EXE

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32

Purpose –Service to demo disk mistake.

Content – Check Disk Utility

10 Name – SHUTDOWN.EXE

Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers

Purpose -Tools for shuting your computing machine.

Content- Windows Remote Shutdown Tools

two.Microsoft Management Console ( MMC )

To open tools such as event spectator and it can make new consoles.

Event Viewer

To look system mistakes, application mistakes, security mistakes

Undertaking Manager

To see the current running applications, undertaking procedure, CPU use, Memory, Network scope and users.

three.Installing Laser Jet Printer

Attach parallel overseas telegram to the USB port.

Connect other side of overseas telegram to the pressman.

Pay power to the pressman.

Open your computing machine and click start button.

Then chink pressmans and facsimiles.

In pressmans and facsimiles, chinks add a pressman and you can put in pressman.

You may take local or web pressman.

And take what type of port and pressman.

If your computing machine does n’t cognize printer type, you may configure pressman type by infixing Cadmium and configuring type of pressman.

Installing webcam

Connect webcam ‘s overseas telegram to USB port.

To configure it, click scanners and cameras.

If your computing machine does n’t hold this, put in with Cadmium.

Undertaking 5

1. Common mistake codifications

   1. mistake codification = 0xc000026C

   Meaning – Can non lade device.

   Message-STOP: 0xc000026”Unable to Load Device Deriver”

   1. mistake codification =0xA0

   Meaning-There is a job in internal power

   Message- ” Stop 0xA0 ” Mistake

   1. mistake code=998

   Meaning – Invalid entree to memory location.

   Message- STOP: 998“ERROR_NOACCESS”

   1. mistake code= 10062 ( 0x274E )

   Meaning – Can non interpret name.

   Message-“WSAECONNREFUSED”

   1. mistake code=C0000221

   Meaning – A corrupted file or an wrong driver that is installed on your computing machine

   Message-STOP: C0000221” Unknown Hard Error”

2. Common Window XP diagnostic public-service corporations and tools

Backup

Use – To maintain from information doomed.

Disk Killing

Usage- To clear disc of unneeded files

Disk Defragmenter

Use – It is for running computing machine faster and more expeditiously. It can cognize whether the thrust requires defragmentation. Can choose to defragment the thrust, shut the position window, or see a study on atomization.

Scheduled Undertakings

Usage – Agenda computing machine undertakings to run automatically

System Information

Usage – Display current System information

System Restore

Use – Restore system to take restore point

Disk Error Utility

Usage – It can demo jobs copying files or notice file corruptness. To run the plan, unfastened My Computer and right-click the difficult disc you want to look into for mistakes.

Mention

Web Reference

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.synchrotech.com/product-1394/firewire-hubs-repeaters_glass_optical_fiber_repeater_800_mt_rj.html

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.obsessable.com/feature/computer-cases-101-more-than-just-a-pc-guts-container/

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epanorama.net/documents/wiring/coaxcable.html

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bb-elec.com/tech_articles/fiber_optic_technology.asp

hypertext transfer protocol: //en.kioskea.net/contents/transmission/transcabl.php3

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.computerperformance.co.uk/Logon/code/code_80048820.htm

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.helpbytes.co.uk/connections.php

hypertext transfer protocol: //support.summersault.com/bandwidth_chart.html

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/setup/hwandprograms/netbasics.mspx

hypertext transfer protocol: //msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms681391 ( VS.85 ) .aspx

Book Reference

ISDN 0-9543071-4-3

ISDN 0-9543071-5-1