Introduction
In Fundamentalss of Hardware and Operating System ( FHOS ) , I need to larn tonss of information about system faculties, standard peripheral ports, mistake codifications, pressmans, web overseas telegram, cyberspace connectivity, networking capablenesss of Windows XP, system files of Windows XP, windows tools such as Microsoft Management Console ( MMC ) , Event Viewer and Task Manager, installing of two new devices and Windows XP public-service corporations and tools.
Due to the nature of Fundamentalss of Hardware and Operating system faculty, this assignment must be a largely practical exercising, though some undertakings contain theoretical research. To imitate little IT environment with this demands ;
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Two to three standard Desktop systems
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Appropriate Network accoutrements
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Appropriate Internet Connectivity
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Two different types of Printers ( Inkjet, Laser, Dot-matrix )
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Windows XP and other required minimal package including device drivers, tools and Utilities
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Any other extra Hardware and Software
There have five undertakings to make in this assignment with both practical and theoretical construct.
Undertaking 1
To go a good Personal computer Support Technician you need o learn tonss of inside informations about the many pieces of hardware in a typical Personal computer. Even the most basic Personal computer contains 100s of distinct hardware constituents. You need to make the undermentioned activities by opening a Personal computer and so executing the undermentioned actions:
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Indentify and describe the names, intents and features of system faculties such as motherboard, power supply, CPU, memory faculties, storage devices, show devices, adapter cards, ports and instances in the given machine.
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Identify the names, intents and public presentation features of the standardised peripheral ports in the machine such as Serial, Parallel, USB, Firewire, DB, RJ, Din, Mini-DIN, Centronics, Associated cabling and their connections.
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Recognise and list common jobs associated with each system faculty and their symptoms. Closely study the CMOS/BIOS scenes and propose how to trouble-shoot jobs such as POST Error codifications, and infer the most likely causes.
Undertaking 2
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List the most popular types of motherboards, their constituents and their architecture.
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Get a screen shooting of your Personal computer ‘s CMOS scene. Identify the intent of CMOS memory in your Personal computer and list what it contains. Describe how and when is it necessary to alter the CMOS parametric quantities.
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You are required to utilize two different types of pressmans and name the undermentioned information derived from each pressman
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What are the pressman engineerings, interfaces and options for ascents available for your pressmans
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What are the common pressman jobs which you can anticipate from your pressmans? List redresss for the jobs utilizing appropriate mentions.
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Undertaking 3
For this undertaking and subsequent undertakings you need to put up a little Window XP web utilizing at least 3 computing machines. Produce a study with appropriate screen gaining control attesting your practical work and change overing the undermentioned information.
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Indentify the types of web overseas telegrams, their features and the connection which you will utilize for the web.
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Research and list five different engineerings available for internet connectivity for your web and name their strengths and failing.
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List the 5 Networking capablenesss of Windows XP.
Undertaking 4
For this undertaking you need to make a fresh install of Windows XP on a computing machine. Fix a study attesting your practical work covering the undermentioned inquiries:
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List out the names, locations, intents and contents of any 10 Windows XP system files.
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Use tools in Windows such as Microsoft Management Console ( MMC ) , Event Viewer and Task Manager on the system. List the practical utilizations of these tools.
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Install two new devices after you have installed the Operating system and name the processs which you used for adding and constellation the device drivers.
Undertaking 5
Research your hardware and OS package and fix a study
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Listing the significance of common mistake codifications and startup messages from boot sequence and
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List the common Windows XP diagnostic public-service corporations and tools, depicting the usageof each of these.
Undertaking 1
Motherboard
Name -Intel Desktop Board D945GCZL
Purpose -To correspond all the constituents and peripherals to each other in Personal computer, form computing machine system.
Characteristics-It contains CPU, memory slot, enlargement slot, ports and
chipset which defines the capablenesss of the motherboard.
It uses BIOS and enlargement coachs and supported by
microprocessor.
Power supply
Name -SteathXStream Power Supply
Purpose -To provide electromotive forces ( AC to DC ) to the circuit and manage
capacity of the circuit, deliver electrical power.
Characteristics-It has 4 pin connection and 4 Molex music directors.
Power supply
Central processing unit
Name -Intel Celeron
Purpose -To accomplish plans, advancement informations from one topographic point to another, put to death mathematical operations and chief informations.
Characteristics-It has 36 bandwidth, 1.6GHz clock velocity and infinite for
64 GB.
Intel Celeron CPU
Memory faculties
Name -DIMM, PROM
Purpose -To save computing machine information
Characteristics- DIMM has 168-pin, 32 or 64-bit coach broad
Memory faculties
Secondtorage devices
Name -Pen thrust, CD-ROM
Purpose -To shop and carry informations on disc
Characteristics-They are removable discs. CD-ROM has approximately 680 Megabits
storage infinite. Pen thrust has variable storage infinite such as 1GB, 2GB, 4GB and 8GB.
Storage devices
Display devices
Name -Monitor, projector
Purpose -To show picture and images
Characteristics-Monitors contain electron gun for PELs. Now, people
were used LCD widely. Power supply of LCD is really low
and LCD is light, thin and level.
Adapter cards
Name -PCI card, Sound card
Purpose -To connect enlargement devices to enlargement slot through it.
Characteristics-PCI card has 264MBps, 64-bit coach and 66 MHz clock velocity
PCI card
Ports
Name -Serial, Parallel, USB ports
Purpose -To connect criterion hardware
Characteristics-Serial port has 9-pin, 3 rows.
Parallel port has 25-pin, 2 rows
Pen thrust and mouse can link to USB ports now.
Ports
Cases
Name -Spedo, Tempest shell
Purpose -For hold the motherboard and other peripherals.
Characteristics- Have a USB front panel so you can link web-cam and other devices to easy-to-reach ports on the forepart of your Personal computer.
It made from steel, aluminium, plastic and other stuffs.
SpedoTempest
Consecutive port
Name-RS 232
Purpose-To provide expressive information
Characteristics-9 pin, 2 rows
Cabling-Celestron RS-232 consecutive overseas telegram maximal length is 50 pess
Connector-DB9, DB25 connection
Consecutive port
Parallel port
Name-printer port
Purpose-To provide pressman for system
Characteristics- 25-pin, 2 rows
Cabling- STP overseas telegram less than 10 pess
Connector-DB-25F D-shell analogue connection
Parallel port
USB port
Name-pen thrust, webcam
Purpose-Joins USB devices to the USB host accountant
Characteristics-480 Mbps full-speed devices, maximal length of overseas telegram is
limited to 5 metres
Cabling- 90-ohm twisted-pair overseas telegram
Connector-plug connections
USB port
Fire wire port
Name- Audio-visual equipment
Purpose- Gives power to the peripheral devices
Characteristics- It has 800Mbps and greater velocity
Cabling-IEEE-1394 overseas telegram
Connector-4-pin 1394 connection
Fire wire port
DB port
Name- VGA port, game port
Purpose- To interface system ‘s web in the enlargement slots
Characteristics-3rows, 15 pin in VGA port and 2rows, 15 pin in game port
Cabling-Ribbon overseas telegram
Connector-DB-15F connection
RJ port
Name – Repeater MT-RJ Port
Purpose – To interface system ‘s web in the enlargement slots
Features – Entire end product DC 12V/3A to provide the devices
Optional 12VDC arranger power supply
Cabling -fiber-optic overseas telegram
Connections – 9 pin bilingual connection, MT-RJ type connection
Unibrain Glass Optical Fiber FireWire 800 IEEE1394b Repeater MT-RJ Port
Din port
Name -Keyboard port in AT motherboard
Purpose -Connect keyboard to the system
Features -It is 5-pin female ports.
Cabling -Coiled overseas telegram
Connections -5-pin Din connection
Din port
Mini-DIN port
Name -mouse port
Purpose -Connect mouse to the system
Features -It is 6-pin female ports
Cabling -Coiled overseas telegram
Connections -6-pin PS/2 connection
Mini-DIN port
Centronics port
Name -SCSI port
Purpose -Connect SCSI adapter card to the system
Features -50 pin
Cabling -Shielded overseas telegram
Connections -Centonics connection
Common Problems
Problem of power supply- Receive power at one device and non another.
For illustration, the difficult thrust may have power, but the
CD-ROM thrust has nil at all.
Problem of CPU -slow bleep from the talker
CPU fan does n’t run if the power is on
Cache in CPU has disabled
100 % CPU use jobs
Problem of keyboard -It produces old fount on the screen
Keyboard with a bad signal overseas telegram mistake message
Incorrect characters formed when you wrote
Problem of soundcard – Can non put in driver
Configure incorrect driver
Incorrect plugged into the talker or MIC port
Problem of motherboard-A CMOS Battery Low message show
DMA accountant failed
Date and clip incorrect
Boot-up mistakes
Problem of proctors -Display blank screen
Poor or losing colourss or one colour
Become seeable raster
Fictional characters are ill-defined
2 Short Beeps Your computing machine has memory jobs. First cheque picture. If picture is working, you ‘ll see an mistake message. If non, you have a para mistake in memory. First look into your SIMM ‘s. Reseat them and bring up. If this does n’t make it, the memory french friess may be bad. You can seek exchanging the first and Bankss memory french friess. If all your memory trials good, you may necessitate to purchase another motherboard.
Low 1-1-3 this is an Drawn-out CMOS RAM job, look into your motherboard battery, and motherboard.
4-3-4 Time of twenty-four hours clock failure. Run the apparatus plan in the computing machine. Check the day of the month and clip. If that does n’t work, replace the battery. If that does n’t work, replace the power supply.
3-3-4 Your computing machine ca n’t happen the picture card. Try to interchange it with another one and see if it works.
4-4-1 Your series ports are misconduct. Replace, the I/O card. If the I/O is on the motherboard itself, disenable it with a jumper and so add an I/O card.
1 Long, 3 Short Beeps you have merely added memory to the motherboard since this is an drawn-out memory failure. By and large this is caused by a memory bit that is non seated decently. Reseat the memory french friess.
7 Short Beeps Your CPU broke overnight. If it ‘s non good by replacing the CPU, you may purchase another motherboard.
9 Short Beeps Your BIOS is bad. Replace the BIOS.
Undertaking 2
I. ( a ) Popular type of motherboard – MSI
Components – CPU socket, Memory unit, Ports etc
Architecture – ATX motherboard
MSI motherboard
( B ) Popular type of motherboard – HP micro
Components – BIOS bit, CMOS battery, Slots etc
Architecture – ATX motherboard
HP micro motherboard
( degree Celsius ) Popular type of motherboard –ASUS M2NPVVM Micro
Components – Sockets, Power connection, CPU fan etc
Architecture – ATX motherboard
ASUS M2NPVVM Micro motherboard
Screen shooting of CMOS puting
Purpose of CMOS memory
To cognize disk-drive parametric quantities.
To acknowledge mistakes.
Set watchword for security.
List
Standard CMOS Features
Advanced CMOS Features
Advanced Chipset Features
Integrated Peripherals
Power Management Setup
PnP/PCI Configurations
Personal computer Health Status
When user wants to rectify day of the month and clip, user clicks Standard CMOS Features and adjusts day of the month and clip.
If user does n’t desire to let other USB pen thrust in computing machine, user can enable Legacy USB support which is in PnP/PCI Configurations.
Printers
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Technology – Impact e.g. Dot-Matrix pressmans
Interfaces – RS-232 consecutive port
Upgrade – Facsimiles
TVS Proton Dot Matrix pressman
Technology – Non-Impact e.g. Laser pressmans
Interfaces – USB port
Upgrade – Random-access memory faculties
Hp optical maser jet pressman
Printer ‘s Problem – Dark musca volitanss in publishing paper
Redresss – Replace the aureole by altering the toner.
Clean the extra toner by running many documents.
Printer ‘s Problem – Printer did non progress paper
Redresss – Check in control panel that the pressman is on-line.
If pressman is on-line but paper still non take, you may look into motor and cogwheel in pressman and thickness of paper.
Undertaking 3
Types of web overseas telegrams
Coaxial overseas telegram
Twisted-Pair overseas telegram
Fiber-optic overseas telegram
Coaxial overseas telegram
Coaxial overseas telegram is a overseas telegram which consists of a individual music director. It carries broadbrand signals for CATV in houses.
Characteristics- It is composed of a centre Cu music director wire, an dielectric and shielded with braided metal.
Connections – UHF connections, N connections, BNC connections, TNC connections
Coaxial overseas telegram
Twisted-Pair overseas telegram
It can cut down noise signals and used in informations transit and telecommunications. Good for transportation different signals.
Characteristics-Consists of two or more braces of Cu wires twisted one another.
They have maximal 100m length and their bandwidth is up to 1000mbps.
Connections -RJ 45 modular connection
Twisted-Pair overseas telegram
Fiber-optic overseas telegram
It is a plastic or glass overseas telegram that brings informations as light pulsations for their ocular equivalent
Characteristics-Consists of sheath, Kevlar, interior sheath, optical fibre and nucleus.
It has a maximal length of 2km to 100 kilometers.
Their bandwidth is 10gbps and up.
Connections -ST, LC connections
Fiber-optic overseas telegram
Five different engineerings for Internet Connectivity
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Digital Subscriber Line ( DSL )
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Local Area Network ( LAN )
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ISDN
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Satellite
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Radio
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Digital subscriber line
Strengths -High-bandwidth connexion
-High velocity communicating links
-Used for both telephone and informations communicating
-Connection can open while the phone line is used
-Do non necessitate to link with ISP if they want to travel online
Weakness -Limited distance and conditions of line-quality
-Filters prevent the stretch of informations so users do non hear sound of digital communicating traveling on
-Its service is non available in all location
-It plants better when user is near supplier ‘s office
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Local area network
Strengths -Enable to portion resources
-A really common portion of the computing machine system
-LAN installing can use connexion devices
-Perform several connexion maps and all routing services
-Faster communicating
Weakness -Security is accessible by computing machine that straight connected to LAN
-Requests for services that it can non carry through to an appropriate waiter
-May act as ain ISP for big organisations
-Only connect in a individual edifice. It is a little site.
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ISDN
Strengths – ISDN is much faster than a dialup line
– Get 2 phone lines from it.
– It going more widespread
Weakness -It is non available everyplace going more widespread.
-An ISDN line costs somewhat more than a regular telephone line,
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Satellite
Strengths -Fine download velocities ( up to 1.5Mbps )
-It is the sender for cyberspace signals.
-No need to content on the overseas telegram allotment company
Weakness -Have highly high cost
-Expensive land station to run
-If there is really low power, there has weak signal
-Latency is typically high
-Some connexions require an bing Internet service history.
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Radio
Strengths -Available in PCMICA cards or USB devices
– Radio Internet provides an always-on connexion which can be accessed from anyplace
-Can usage in cell phone and tablet Personal computers and usage for high velocity informations, broadcast Television and radio telephone service.
-Provide a shared transmittal rate of 54Mbps
Weakness -If there is no wireless connexion near, radio ca n’t available to utilize
-Expensive to utilize
-Need to protect with tools
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5 Networking capablenesss of Windows XP
Electronic mail
Windows XP Home Edition includes Microsoft Outlook Express, which gives you entree to the e-mail inbox provided by your Internet service supplier.
Web browse
Windows XP Home Edition besides includes Internet Explorer for shoping the Web.
Instantaneous messaging
For instant messaging, you can utilize Windows Messenger to chew the fat with friends utilizing your keyboard, voice, or a webcam.
Distant Aid
Everyone needs computing machine aid at some point. When you have a job, you can utilize Distant Assistance to ask for a friend or proficient support applied scientist to link to your computing machine and aid you fix it. Remote Assistance allows you to portion control of your computing machine over the Internet.
Windows Firewall
Using the Internet can expose your computing machine to many menaces, including worms, viruses, and hackers. Fortunately, Windows XP Home Edition
Remote Desktop
Remote Desktop enables you to entree your Windows XP Professional computing machine from another computing machine on your place web or by utilizing the Internet. Remote Desktop requires a user name and watchword, and besides encrypts all communications, to protect you from most web onslaughts.
Undertaking 4
I.10 Window XP system files
1 Name – intelppm.sys
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers
Purpose-To configure device driver
Content – Processor Device Driver
2 Name – Defrag.EXE
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32
Purpose-Defragment the volumes for computing machine to run quicker
Contented – Disk Defragmenter Module
3 Name – beep.sys
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers
Purpose-To know mistake by short bleep
Content – Beep Driver
4 Name – scsidisk.sys
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers
Purpose-To know PnP disc
Content – PnP Disk Driver
5 Name – cdfs.sys
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers
Purpose-To know CD-ROM
Contented – CD-ROM File System Driver
6 Name – ipconfig.exe
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32
Purpose-To configure IP reference for cyberspace
Content – IP Configuration Utility
7 Name – usbd.sys
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers
Purpose-To recognize USB in computing machine
Content – Universal Serial Bus Driver
8 Name – BootCfg.exe
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32
Purpose-To unfastened boot procedure for gazing window usually
Content – Boot configure tools
9 Name – CHKDSK.EXE
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32
Purpose –Service to demo disk mistake.
Content – Check Disk Utility
10 Name – SHUTDOWN.EXE
Location- C: WINDOWSsystem32drivers
Purpose -Tools for shuting your computing machine.
Content- Windows Remote Shutdown Tools
two.Microsoft Management Console ( MMC )
To open tools such as event spectator and it can make new consoles.
Event Viewer
To look system mistakes, application mistakes, security mistakes
Undertaking Manager
To see the current running applications, undertaking procedure, CPU use, Memory, Network scope and users.
three.Installing Laser Jet Printer
Attach parallel overseas telegram to the USB port.
Connect other side of overseas telegram to the pressman.
Pay power to the pressman.
Open your computing machine and click start button.
Then chink pressmans and facsimiles.
In pressmans and facsimiles, chinks add a pressman and you can put in pressman.
You may take local or web pressman.
And take what type of port and pressman.
If your computing machine does n’t cognize printer type, you may configure pressman type by infixing Cadmium and configuring type of pressman.
Installing webcam
Connect webcam ‘s overseas telegram to USB port.
To configure it, click scanners and cameras.
If your computing machine does n’t hold this, put in with Cadmium.
Undertaking 5
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Common mistake codifications
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mistake codification = 0xc000026C
Meaning – Can non lade device.
Message-STOP: 0xc000026”Unable to Load Device Deriver”
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mistake codification =0xA0
Meaning-There is a job in internal power
Message- ” Stop 0xA0 ” Mistake
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mistake code=998
Meaning – Invalid entree to memory location.
Message- STOP: 998“ERROR_NOACCESS”
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mistake code= 10062 ( 0x274E )
Meaning – Can non interpret name.
Message-“WSAECONNREFUSED”
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mistake code=C0000221
Meaning – A corrupted file or an wrong driver that is installed on your computing machine
Message-STOP: C0000221” Unknown Hard Error”
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Common Window XP diagnostic public-service corporations and tools
Backup
Use – To maintain from information doomed.
Disk Killing
Usage- To clear disc of unneeded files
Disk Defragmenter
Use – It is for running computing machine faster and more expeditiously. It can cognize whether the thrust requires defragmentation. Can choose to defragment the thrust, shut the position window, or see a study on atomization.
Scheduled Undertakings
Usage – Agenda computing machine undertakings to run automatically
System Information
Usage – Display current System information
System Restore
Use – Restore system to take restore point
Disk Error Utility
Usage – It can demo jobs copying files or notice file corruptness. To run the plan, unfastened My Computer and right-click the difficult disc you want to look into for mistakes.
Mention
Web Reference
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.synchrotech.com/product-1394/firewire-hubs-repeaters_glass_optical_fiber_repeater_800_mt_rj.html
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.obsessable.com/feature/computer-cases-101-more-than-just-a-pc-guts-container/
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epanorama.net/documents/wiring/coaxcable.html
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bb-elec.com/tech_articles/fiber_optic_technology.asp
hypertext transfer protocol: //en.kioskea.net/contents/transmission/transcabl.php3
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.computerperformance.co.uk/Logon/code/code_80048820.htm
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.helpbytes.co.uk/connections.php
hypertext transfer protocol: //support.summersault.com/bandwidth_chart.html
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/setup/hwandprograms/netbasics.mspx
hypertext transfer protocol: //msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms681391 ( VS.85 ) .aspx
Book Reference
ISDN 0-9543071-4-3
ISDN 0-9543071-5-1