Fungi & Protozoa

Thallus
The Fungal body is called:
hyphae
The fungal thallus is made of:
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Mycelium
A mass of hyphae is called:
Aerial hyphae
Hyphae that stick up into the air:
Vegetative hyphae
Hyphae that are flat:
saprophytes
Molds are _____ meaning they feed on dead organic matter
grow and divide
Vegetative mycellum function:
reproduce
Aerial mycellum function:
Sexual
Asexual
Molds reproduce 2 ways:
spores
Asexual mold reproduction involves:
Mating types +/-
Sexual mold reproduction involves:
Conidiospore
Sporangiospore
Name 2 types of asexual reproduction spores:
Conidium
Conidiospore is also called:
Enclosed in a sac
Conidiospores are not structurally:
conidiophore
A stalk on which conidiospores flower:
chain
end
conidiophore
Conidiospores are produced in a _____ at the _____ of a _____
Aspergillus flavus
Penicillium
Name molds that reproduce via Conidiospores:
Sporangium
Sporangiospores are formed within a sac called:
Sporangiophore
Sporangium are located at the end of and aerial hyphae called:
Rhizopus nigricans
Name molds that reproduce via Sporangiospores:
bread mold
Rhizopus nigricans is also known as:
Zygospores
_____ are sexual spores
haploid (N)
Zygospores involve the fusion of _____ __ cells
gametangia
Fusion of haploid (N) cells is called:
Aerial hypha produces a sporangium
Zygomycete Asexual Reproduction: Step 1:
Sporangium bursts to release spores
Zygomycete Asexual Reproduction: Step 2:
Spore germinates to produce hyphae
Zygomycete Asexual Reproduction: Step 3:
Vegetative mycellum grows
back to step 1
Zygomycete Asexual Reproduction: Step 4:
Gamete forms at tip of hypha
Zygomycete Sexual Reproduction: Step 5:
Plasmogamy occurs (sex)
Zygomycete Sexual Reproduction: Step 6:
Zygospore forms
Zygomycete Sexual Reproduction: Step 7:
Karyogamy and meiosis occurs
Zygomycete Sexual Reproduction: Step 8:
Zygote produces a sporangium
Zygomycete Sexual Reproduction: Step 9:
Spores are released from sporangium
Zygomycete Sexual Reproduction: Step 10:
Spore germinates to produce hyphae
Zygomycete Sexual Reproduction: Step 11:
unicellular
nonfilamentous
Yeasts are _____cellular and _____tous
Fission yeasts
Budding yeasts
Name 2 yeast categories:
Fission yeasts
Some yeasts divide symmetrically, they are called:
Schizosaccharomyces
Name a fission yeast:
Saccharomyces
Name a budding yeast:
unicellular
Protozoa are _____cellular
False, eukaryotes
T/F: Protozoa are prokaryotes
Protist
Protozoa belong to the kingdom:
parasites
normal flora
Some protozoa are _____, and some are _____ _____ of animals
cysts
Some protozoa form _____ under harsh conditions
Asexually and Sexually
Protozoa reproduce _____
Fission
Budding
Schizogony
Schitzont
Protozoa reproduce asexually in 4 ways:
multiple fission
fragments
Merozoite
Schizogony is _____ ____ where the nucleus divides into many _____ and produces _____
trophozoite
nucleus
Schitzont is a _____ in which the _____ has divided
Conjugation
Gamete (gametocyte) production
Protozoa reproduce sexually in 2 ways:
macronucleus
micronucleus
In Protozoa conjugation each cell has a _____ and a _____
haploid micronucleus
other cell
fuses
haploid macronucleus
Conjugation occurs when _____ _____ migrates to _____ _____ and _____ with _____ _____
Paramecium
Give an example of a protozoa that reproduces sexually by conjugation:
haploid
zygote
diploid
In Protozoa gamete production, gametocytes which are _____ fuse to form _____ which is _____
Trophozoite
Vegetative state of Protozoa is called:
locomotion
Protozoa are classified based on:
Sarcodina
Ciliophora
Mastigophora
Name 3 locomotion classifications of Protozoa:
pseudopods
amoebas
Sarcodina have _____ or are _____
Entamoeba histolytica
Sarcodina example:
cilia
Ciliophora have:
Paramecium
Ciliophora example:
Flagella
Mastigophora have:
Giardia lamblia
Trypanosoma
Mastigophora example:
pseudopods
Amoebozoa or Amoebas move by:
Entamoeba histolytica
_____ _____ is an intestinal pathogen
Amoebic dysentery
Entamoeba histolytica causes:
cyst
oral-fecal contamination
Amoebic dysentery is transmitted by:
Trophozoite
Infectious form of Amoebic dysentery:
Hemoflagellates
_____ are blood parasites that are transmitted by insects
Trypanosomiasis
Hemoflagellates cause:
Trypanosoma gambiense
_____ _____ causes African sleeping sickness
Tsetse fly
Trypanosoma gambiense is transmitted by:
Trypanosoma cruzi
_____ _____ causes Chagas’ disease
kissing bug
Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted by:
Human louse
Rat flea
Deer fly
Kissing bug
Name 4 Arthropods that are used as vectors:
feces
Giardia lamblia Cyst is found in:
giardiasis
Giardia lamblia causes:
contaminated water
Giardia lamblia is transmitted by:
Mastigophora
Giardia lamblia and Trypanosoma are classified as:
Trichomonas vaginalis
A mastigophora with multiple flagella:
female vagina
Trichomonas vaginalis infects the:
cyst
Trichomonas vaginalis does not have a _____ stage
intercourse
Trichomonas vaginalis is transmitted by:
Plasmodium
Apicomplexans example:
RBC’s
Plasmodium is a blood parasite that enters:
Malaria
Plasmodium is the etiological agent of:
female Anopheles moquito
Plasmodium is transmitted by:
Infected mosquito bites human; sporozoites migrate through bloodstream to human liver
Plasmodium vivax: Asexual reproduction stage 1:
Sporozoites undergo schizogony in liver cell; merozoites are produced
Plasmodium vivax: Asexual reproduction stage 2:
Merozoites released into bloodstream from liver may infect new RBC’s
Plasmodium vivax: Asexual reproduction stage 3:
Merozoite develops into ring stage in RBC
Plasmodium vivax: Asexual reproduction stage 4:
Ring stage grows and divides, producing merozoites
Plasmodium vivax: Asexual reproduction stage 5:
Merozoites are released when new RBC’s rupture; some merozoites infect new RBC’s and some develop into M and F gametocytes
Plasmodium vivax: Asexual reproduction stage 6:
Another mosquito bites infected human and ingests gametocytes
Plasmodium vivax: Sexual reproduction stage 7:
In mosquito’s digestive tract, gametocytes unite to form zygote
Plasmodium vivax: Sexual reproduction stage 8:
Resulting sporozoites migrate to salivary glands of mosquito
Plasmodium vivax: Sexual reproduction stage 9:
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