Group 2, the alkaline earth metals: The physical properties of Group 2 9.1

their oxides and hydroxides are alkaline
why is group 2 called the alkaline earth metals?
s-block
what block are group 2 elements in?
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group 1 (with the exception of beryllium)
what group are group 2 elements less reactive than?
it increases down the group
what is the trend in reactivity?
– the metallic radius increases down the group
– the first and second ionisation energies decrease down the group
– the density increases down the group
what are the three properties and trends of group 2 elements?
the outer s-orbital
what orbital are their two outer electrons in?
the distance between the nucleus and the s-orbital increases down the group
what happens to the s-orbital down the group?
– the size of the atom increases down the group
– each element has an extra full energy level in comparison to the element above it
what is the trend in the size of the atom down the group? why?
metallic radius
what is the radius measured in?
metallic structures
what type of structures do group 2 elements form?
high meting points
what melting points are typical of metallic structures?
– the strength of metallic bonds decreases
– the ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons are further from the positive nucleus
what is the trend in the strength of metallic bonds down the group? why?
– the melting points decrease SLIGHTLY down the group
– the strength of the metallic bonds decreases down the group
what is the trend in the melting points down the group? why?
2
how many electrons do group 2 elements lose when they become ions?
E(g)→ E(g)²⁺ + 2e⁻
what is the equation for the formation of ²⁺ions from atoms?
– the sum of the first and second ionisation energies
– E(g)→ E(g)⁺ + e⁻ and E(g)⁺→ E(g)²⁺ + e⁻
how much energy is needed for complete ionisation, in regards to group 2 elements?
– the distance between the electron being lost and the positive nucleus increases
– thus, sheilding is increased
– thus, less energy is required to remove an electron
why does the ionisation energy decrease down the group?
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