| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is energy? | The capacity to do work OR transfer heat |
| What are the two major types of energy? | Kinetic and potential |
| Moving matter has kinetic energy because… | It has mass and velocity |
| Wind, flowing water, and electricity are examples of which type of energy? | Kinetic |
| Heat is… | The total kinetic energy of all moving atoms, ions, or molecules in a given substance |
| Heat flows from warm to… | Cool |
| What are the three methods that heat can be transferred? | Radiation, conduction, and convection |
| Electromagnetic radiation occurs when… | There are changes in electric and magnetic fields |
| Different forms of electromagnetic radiation have different | Wavelengths and energy content |
| Gamma rays, x-rays, and UV radiation have | Short wavelengths and high energy content |
| Visible light and infrared have | Long wavelengths and low energy content |
| Which type of electromagnetic radiation makes up most of the spectrum emitted by the sun? | Visible light |
| An unlit match, rock held in your hand, chemical energy stored in gasoline molecules, and nuclear energy in the nuclei of atoms are examples of… | Potential energy |
| What is an example of potential energy changing to kinetic energy? | Ex: potential energy in molecules of carbohydrates you eat change to kinetic when your body uses it to move |
| High temperature heat, nuclear fission, concentrated sunlight, high-velocity wind, and energy released from burning natural gas, gasoline, or coal, are examples of high quality or low quality energy? | High quality |
| Heat dispersed in the atmosphere or ocean is an example of high quality or low quality energy? | Low quality |
| Thermodynamics is the study of… | Energy transformations |
| The first law of thermodynamics tells us that | Energy cannot be created or destroyed; energy input=output |
| Energy consumption means | Converting energy from one form to another |
| If you fill a car’s tank with gasoline and drive around or use a flash- light battery until it is dead, you lose | Energy quality |
| The second law of thermodynamics tells us that | When energy changes from one form to another, we always end up with lower-quality or less usable energy than we started with |
| As a result of energy losing quality as it is converted… | We can never recycle or reuse high-quality energy to perform useful work |
| Energy efficiency is | a measure of how much useful work is accomplished by a particular input of energy into a system |
