Internal Audit As Anti Corruption Accounting Essay

The being of corruptness has been for ages in one signifier or another. Corruptness is a term with many significances affecting either pecuniary and non-monetary benefit, that entails abuse of office for personal once more or unofficial terminal ( William, 2003 ) . The term corruptness differ from individual to individual, state to state and civilization to civilization ( Yadong, 2005 ) . Morley ( 1998 ) definition of corruptness is exchange of resources for usage or maltreatment of office for private terminals in an illicit manner.

Normally, work environment and civilization could either Foster or discourage corrupt patterns depending on cultural perceptual experience of corruptness. ( Barth and Schipper, 2008 ) . For illustration, until late, United Kingdom ‘s anti-bribery act old did non incorporate a “ facilitating payments ” exclusion ( Bribery Act 2010 ) .

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Harmonizing to Hjalmar and Weaver ( 1960 ) , organizational directors in an administration are saddle with different functions and maps at different direction degree. The hierarchy of these degrees is called as “ Level of Management ” . However, each these degrees are of critical importance to guaranting effectual overall operation of the administration. The three good known degree direction hierarchies are ;

Top Level of Management.

Middle Level of Management.

Lower Degree of Management.

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Top direction degree is besides referred to as administrative degree and consists of the board of managers, Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) /General Manager ( GM ) /Managing Director ( MD ) with the duty of implementing and beef uping a company capableness of covering with fiscal dirts as they bear the concluding duty of the internal control the organisational system.

The Middle Level Management or the executives are Departmental Heads ( Finance Managers and Purchase Managers, Branch Managers Branch or Unit Heads ) , and the Junior Assistant Managers. These degrees of Directors are selected by the Top Level Management ( Webb, 2010 ) .

The lower degree direction or Operative/Supervisory degree or First Line of Management are selected by in-between degree direction and consists of the Foremen and the Supervisors. ( Webb, 2010 ) .

Corruptness exists at different degree of direction in an administration. Though each degree reinforces each other, the more hierarchal degrees involved the more incidences and badness organisational corruptness ( Argandona, 2003 ) . For the intent of this survey, focal point would be on in-between degree directors. In the bar of corruptness, systemic alteration becomes high. Equally of import as general system alterations is besides looking for ways of contending corruptness at different degree within the system because organizational credibleness may be at interest if exposed ; therefore the demand for sensible schemes, policies and programs to understate hazards ( Ackkerman, 2001 ) .

System Auditing are of import for rectifying execution of criterions and make an ethical concern environment that supports administration ‘s image saving, improves employee morale, and reduces fraud.

Until recent, organisations did non acknowledge the importance of a section of internal audit section. Ali and Owais ( 2013 ) reported that advanced states have late shown an increasing involvement in the internal audit profession because of the exposure of big companies to dirts in the late 1890ss of the last century. Therefore, internal audit has become an built-in constituent of administrations ‘ corporate administration mechanisms to beef up hazard direction systems and heighten fiscal coverage quality ( Sucherand and Zelenka, 1996 ) . Many other writers sees internal auditing as important resource in corporate administration providing services at different direction degrees and external hearers ( DeZoort et al. , 2002 ; Dillar et al. , 2004 ) .

Internal auditing is an independent activity, established by direction, to analyze and measure organizational hazard, direction procedures and control systems and do recommendations for betterments.

The constitution of Institute of Internal Auditors ( IIA ) corrected the impression about internal audit. The institute pointed that internal audit section function is non to judge the rightness of the nonsubjective or schemes set in topographic point to accomplish the aims of an administration but instead add value to it. For illustration, organizational direction could be assisted in placing hazards and control failings if internal audit has a good cognition of its operational system. The new dimensional function of internal audit is in enabling it map to battle corruptness ( Laura et. Al. 2003 ) .

Gramling and Hermanson, ( 2006 ) defined internal auditing as a designed activity that is independent and of nonsubjective confidence that would add value to an organisation ‘s operations. Besides internal auditing is a tool used by organisations to accomplish set aims through a systematic and disciplined attack to effectiveness hazard direction control rating ( Balkaran 2010 ) . This definition accent assured that all direction degrees think proactively and at the same clip, top directors put an anticorruption mechanisms topographic point. Here, focal point is placed on good system patterns with sound hazard direction. Balkaran ( 2010 ) stated that both the history and audit has a critical function to play in preventing, observing and describing corruptness.

This survey proposes to analyze the impact of how internal audit schemes construction helps to minimise the incidence of corruptness patterns among in-between degree directors.

1.2: Justification

One major hindrance to economic development of any administration is corruptness which frequently could do other organized offenses. Equally corruptness could damage the unity of administration and later development of assorted organizational system jobs. It is non sufficient to develop a program for contending corruptness without analysis of chance of corruptness patterns within different direction degrees and the impact of established section within the organizational model of control system.

Middle degree directors give recommendations or advice to the top degree direction and chiefly executors of organizational policies made by the decision makers. They besides act as anintermediary between top and lower direction. It is hence pertinent that when corruptness is prevailing in in-between degree directors, it poses a menace to non merely the administration but besides to the larger society. Among the corruptness patterns within in-between degree directors that easy come to mind include ; bribery or kickbacks, extortion, nepotism, fraud, and self-interest among others.

This issue is a big concern for the companies because value maximization and company wealth frequently depend on its members. Therefore, this survey is critical to casting visible radiation on the impact of internal auditing in commanding corruptness among in-between degree directors in order to add value and achieve company ‘s scheme.

1.3 Aim

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The general aim of this survey is to find the impact of internal auditing in commanding corruptness in in-between degree directors.

Specific OBJECTIVES

To specify the construct of corruptness

To discourse the impact of corruptness on organizational sustainablity

To discourse the degree of corruptness among in-between degree directors.

To discourse at least two UK and one international criterions puting and ordinances for internal audit usage

To clear up the effectivity or impact of internal audit in forestalling corruptness among in-between degree directors.

To understand the constituents of internal control in forestalling corruptness among in-between degree director.

To place the function of internal audit system in forestalling corruptness among in-between degree director.

1.4 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

It is pertinent that corruptness pattern exist in an administration. The in-between degree serves as intermediary to the top and low degree directors thereby, giving them direct contacts to all classs of company staff. Yadong, ( 2005 ) reported that most corruptness occurs in the low degree directors. The in-between degree directors are face with the hazard of being portion of organisational fraud or incompetency. A focal point on mechanism for corruptness control among in-between degree directors every bit good as protecting them against incompetency warrants peculiar attending.

Corruptness among these groups of director could in bend cause great harm to the organisation. Therefore, there is need to but a system in topographic point to rectify or avoid these amendss. The lone manner to this by Argandona ( 2003 ) is the constitution of a formidable system to defy corrupt patterns. Internal audit has a alone function in act uponing direction of hazards by guaranting proactive, preventative, detective and contentious steps in contending corruptness

1.5 HYPOTHESIS

This survey chief hypothesis is that the being of internal audit construction plays has an impact in cut downing the corruptness among in-between degree directors. The statements of hypothesis for this survey include:

Ha‚ˆ : There is no grounds that suggests internal audit as an anti-corruption step among in-between degree directors.

HN- : There is grounds that suggests internal audit as an anti-corruption step among in-between degree directors.

REFRENCES

Argandona, A. ( 2003 ) . Private-to-private corruptness. Journal of Business Ethics, 47 ( 3 ) , 253-67.

Asare, S.K. , Ronald, A. Davidson and Gramling A.A. ( 2008 ) . Internal Auditors ‘ Evaluation of

Fraud Factors in Planing an Audited account: The Importance of Audit Committee, Quality and Management Incentives. International Journal of Auditing, 12: 181-203.

Balkaran, L. ( 2010 ) The Role of Accountants and Auditors in Contending Corruption. Part 1 – Understanding the Nature and Impact. hypertext transfer protocol: //csg.ui.ac.id/content/role-accountants-and-auditors-fighting-corruption

Barth, M.E. , Schipper, K. ( 2008 ) , “ Financial Reporting Transparency ” , Journal of Accounting, Auditing & A ; Finance, 23 ( 2 ) , 173-190

Bribery Act ( 2010 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.justice.gov.uk/consultations/docs/bribery-act-guidance-consultation1.pdf

DeZoort, F. T. , Hermanson, D. R. , Archambeault, D. S. and Reed, S. A. ( 2002 ) , Audit Committee Effectiveness: A synthesis ofthe empirical audit commission literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, 21 ( 1 ) ,

Dillard, J. F. , John T, R. and Goodman, C. ( 2004 ) , Making and refashioning organisational context. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 17 ( 4 ) , 506-542.

Gramling, A. A. , and Hermanson, D. R. ( 2006 ) . What function is your Internal Audit map playing in corporate administration. Internal Auditing Magazine, 21 ( 6 ) , 37-39.

Morley, C. H. ( 1998 ) Corruptness and Compliance, Journal of Financial Crime, 5 ( 3 ) , 261-267.

Sandholtz W. and Koetzle, W ( 2000 ) . Accounting for Corruptness: Economic Structure,

Democracy, and Trade. International Studies Quarterly, 44: 31-50.

Seal, W. , Sucher, P. and Zelenka, 1. ( 1997 ) , Post-Socialist Passage and the Development of an Accountancy Profession in the Czech Republic, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 7 ( 4 ) , 485-508.

Webb, W. ( 2010 ) . Public direction reform and the direction of moralss: Incompatible ideals for the developing province, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 23 ( 7 ) , 669-684.

William F. M. Jr. ( 2003 ) . Auditing and Assurance-A Systematic Approach ( 3rd Edition ) NewYork: Mc-Graw Hill.

Yadong L. ( 2005 ) : An Organizational Perspective of Corruption. Management and Organization Review, 1 ( 1 ) , 119-154.

Laura F. Spira, Michael Page, ( 2003 ) “ Risk direction: The reinvention of internal control and the altering function of internal audit ” , Accounting, Auditing & A ; Accountability Journal, Vol. 16 Iodine: 4, pp.640 – 661

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