Intro to Organic and Bioche

a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms
Hydrocarbon
saturated hydrocarbon
Alkane
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contains only carbon-carbon single bonds
Saturated hydrocarbon
each line terminus and vertex represents a carbon atom. Single, double, and triple carbon-carbon are represented by one, two, and three lines
In a line-angle formula…
False. Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formulas BUT DIFFERENT connectivity to their atoms. Same atom count still with different arrangement
T or F: Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formulas and the same connectivity of their atoms.
False. There are 2 isomers for C4H10 and only ONE for C3H8.
T or F: There are 2 constitutional isomers with the molecular formula C3H8.
False. There are only two isomers for C4H10.
T or F: There are 4 constitutional isomers with the molecular formula C4H10
True! There are 5 isomers with C5H12
T or F: There are 5 constitutional isomers with the molecular formula C5H12
they have the same molecular formula, the same molecular weight. They DO NOT have the same connectivity of atoms, nor do they necessarily have the same physical properties.
List truths about constitutional isomers:
There is no double bond in an alkane, therefor the molecule is free to rotate about that bond. With a double bond, part of the molecule gets ‘locked’ into a fixed position.
Why is Cis-Trans isomerism possible in cycloalkanes & alkenes, but impossible in alkanes?
same side of ring
Cis- substituents
opposite sides of the ring
Trans- substituents
120 degrees
Alkene’s bond angles prediction?
-ene
When naming alkenes what is the IUPAC ending for the molecule?
At the lowest number, closest to the double bond. The parent chain will ALWAYS include the double bond
When naming alkenes where you start the numbering of the chain?
-yne
When naming alkynes what is the IUPAC ending for the molecule?
The presence of a carbon-carbon triple bond
What does -yne suggest?
The presence of a carbon-carbon double bond
What does -ene suggest?
You select the parent alkane with the longest carbon chain that contains the -OH group and you number it from the end that gives the -OH the lower number.
What is the significance of the -OH in the naming process of alcohols?
-e is changed to -ol
How is the ending of the parent alkane changed when naming an alcohol?
These classifications depend on the number of carbon groups bonded to the carbon bearing -OH group.
How do you classify alcohols as primary, secondary, or tertiary?
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