Why are plants green?
They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb blue and red light
What are the end products of photosynthesis?
Oxygen and carbohydrate
What structure is required for an eukaryotic organism to be classified as an autotroph?
Choloroplasts
A product of the Calvin Cycle that is used to form glucose phosphate, amino acids, or fatty acids.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
The function of sunlight in photosynthesis is to:
Excite electrons in chlorophyll
A product of photosynthesis, _______, is the chief source of energy for most organisms
Glucose
G3P is used by plants for all of the following EXCEPT the formation of
Oxygen
Proteins in a membrane are
All of the Choices are Correct
Active transport
Require an input of ATP
In a phospholipid bilayer, the
Phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm
What phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane?
Initiating the replication of the genetic material
Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon
All of the choices are correct
If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which will occur?
Water will move into the cell from the surrounding f solution
Which is the best definition of osmosis?
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Which type of molecule will require some amount of energy to cross the cell membrane?
Polar
Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells?
Plasmodesmata
Plants show turgor pressure when
Cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water
Which is the best definition of active transport?
Movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP
Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of
Facilitated transport
In the cell pictured, there is no net movement of water. The amount leave the cell and entering the cell is the same. In what type of environment is this cell found?
Isotonic
Which process is responsible for moving cellular wastes across the cell membrane?
Exocytosis
Which type of cellular process will most likely be used by an amoeba in order to obtain food?
Phagocytosis
All of the biochemical pathways in a cell constitute
Metabolism
The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except
The presence of lead
Which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with the related example?
Kinetic energy: fat molecules
Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from on energy form to another
Which best describe the second law of thermodynamics?
Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs
The subunits from which ATP is made are
ADP & phosphate
ATP is considered to be
The precursor of a high-energy membrane-bounded protein
Which statement is NOT true about how various conditions will effect the activity of an enzyme?
An enzyme’s activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration
What establishes the electrochemical gradient across a membrane to provide energy for ATP production?
Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane by carrier proteins of the electron transport chain
A coenzyme is
A nonprotein organic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work
Which of the following is NOT a form of potential energy?
A muscle contracting
Of the following, which process will not denature a protein?
Addition of distilled water
In the electron transport systems of chloroplasts and mitochondria
All of the choices are correct
If there are twelve different intermediate products produced in the stages of a metabolic pathway within a cell, we can expect that there
Are about twelve enzymes, at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway
In this reaction, the reactant (s) are ______ and the coenzyme NAD is ______.
Oxidized; reduced
The metabolic pathway at right involved how many possible chemical reactions?
Five
Which of the following substrates are required to run cellular respiration?
Glucose & oxygen
What are the end products of photosynthesis?
Glucose & oxygen
Which of the following is an example of potential energy?
All are examples of potential energy
During the conversion of glucose into a free form of energy only a small percentage is converted into useable ATP. What is the rest of the energy converted into?
Heat
While we are sitting down to lunch we are consuming ____ energy which will then be converted into ____ energy as we work until dinner time.
Potential, kinetic
