Managing The First Nuclear Power Plant Project Construction Essay

Practical information on the chief undertaking direction activities during the phases composing the planning and implementing the first NPP undertaking in a state.

Scope

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The chief undertaking direction activities in the period get downing with the determination to see atomic energy as a possible beginning for bring forthing electricity within the national energy system, up to get down of commercial operation of the first NPP

PRE-PROJECT Phase

This is the period get downing with the determination to see atomic energy as a possible beginning for bring forthing electricity within the national energy system and ends with the launch of a pre-investment ( feasibleness ) survey for the first NPP.

Organizational construction

The induction and preparation of a NPP undertaking every bit good as subsequent execution need efficient organisational constructions for the direction of needed activities at the authorities every bit good as public-service corporation, industries, research and development ( R & A ; D ) , and educational establishments involved.

Project direction system

The overall duty for guaranting the fulfilment of the NPP undertaking demands is placed on the proprietor. To run into the whole demands, it is necessary, during the pre-project phase, to set up, implement, buttocks and go on better the direction system, which integrates all the demands of safety, wellness, the environment, security, quality and economic sciences and ensures that safety is decently taken into history in all the

National energy supply be aftering

Planing for and measuring energy sector development is going progressively complex with the acknowledgment that societal, economic and environmental facets of energy are per se linked

Undertaking phases

The NPP undertaking planning and execution is made up of several long continuance activities which can be characterized as:

Conceptual and preparative activities that embrace all probes on technical-economic, safety and regulative facets needed for the justifications of a NPP undertaking ;

Preparatory activities to make the national substructure necessary to back up the launching of the NPP undertaking and the determination to travel frontward with the undertaking ;

Undertaking oriented activities taking to the successful design, building, commissioning, start-up, warranty trials and credence of the first NPP and potentially to subsequent 1s ;

Performance oriented activities taking to the safe and dependable operation and life direction of the NPP

Post operation activities taking to decommissioning of the NPP.

These activities can be regrouped in five distinct phases which makes the NPP undertaking. These phases are:

Phase 1: Pre-Project

Defined as the period get downing with the determination to see atomic energy as a possible beginning for bring forthing electricity within the national energy system and ends with the launch of a pre-investment ( feasibleness ) survey for the first NPP undertaking.

This initial phase can be described as associating to conceptual preparatory activities encompassing all technical-economic-regulatory probes needed for the justifications of a NPP undertaking.

It is to be recognized that the debut of atomic power and atomic engineering in a state creates specific new demands on the countryaa‚¬a„?s substructure and requires a national committedness on a long-run footing affecting significant attempts.

The activities performed during the Pre-project phase are chiefly related to:

National energy supply planning ;

Electric power system planning ;

Cost appraisal ;

Nuclear power programme planning ;

International conventions and understandings ;

National substructure study ;

National engagement program ;

Long term atomic power programme policy and committedness

Organizational construction

Management systems

Industry

Science and engineering

Human resources development

Legal model

Financing ;

Sites study ;

Reactor engineering study ;

Environmental appraisal ;

Public credence ;

Choice of a adviser or advisers.

Phase 2: Undertaking Decision-Making

This phase is defined as the period get downing with the induction of a pre-investment survey which looks at the debut of atomic energy as a dependable and economical beginning of energy to run into the demand of the national energy system and ends with the closing of a contract for the purchase of a NPP.

This phase can be described as preparatory activities to make a national substructure to back up the launching of the undertaking and lead to the decision-making to travel frontward with it.

For the successful debut of atomic power in any state, an indispensable component is a clear apprehension at the decision-making degree of the specific facets of atomic power, and a thorough cognition of the undertakings and activities to be performed every bit good as demands, duties, committednesss, jobs and restraints involved.

The activities performed during the undertaking decision-making phase are chiefly related to:

Completion of a pre-investment survey ;

Site rating and making ;

Evaluation of the atomic power supply market ;

Constitution of a direction system ;

Completion of execution of the conformance program related to legal model ;

Execution of all international conventions and understandings ;

Regulative demands ;

Choice of a contractual attack ;

Preparation of command invitation specifications

Bid rating ;

Financing program ;

Negotiation and closing of a contract or contracts ;

Technology transportation and preparation demands ;

Public credence ;

Owneraa‚¬a„?s direction organisation.

Phase 3: Plant Construction

This phase is defined as the period instantly following the closing of a contract for the purchase of a NPP and ends with the completion of the commissioning phase of the works and its credence which allows the public-service corporation get downing commercial operation.

This phase can be described as project-oriented activities taking to the successful building, commissioning and credence of the first NPP.

The activities performed during the works building phase are chiefly related to:

Plant safety

Safety constructs and execution of safety aims

Safety analysis study and licensing application ;

Undertaking technology

Plant conceptual design

Basic and elaborate design technology

Preparation and reappraisal of equipment and works specifications ;

Procurement and expediting of equipment and stuffs ;

Fabrication of equipment and constituents ;

Management systems ;

Plant building, hard-on and installing

Site readying and substructure

Erection of works edifices and constructions

Plant equipment, constituents and systems installing ;

Plant commissioning and credence ;

Employee turnover to operation ;

Precautions and physical protection ;

Security ;

Public information.

The overall work force demands for this phase are higher than for any other phase. Within this phase, fabrication and building are the activities that have by far the largest work force demands, of the order of 6000 people during its peak period.

Phase 4: Plant Operation

Defined as the period at which the works starts commercial operation and ends at the clip when the determination to decommission the works is made.

This phase can be described as public presentation oriented activities taking to the safe and dependable operation and life direction of the works.

The primary concern of any NPP operator resides in the safe and dependable operation of its unit.

Taking into history the existent outlook of the works life ( 40 to 60 or more old ages ) , this represents the most extended enterprise in the NPP undertaking.

The activities performed during the works operation and life direction phase are chiefly related to:

Operation direction ;

Outage direction ;

Technical support ;

Maintenance direction ;

Configuration direction ;

Procurement direction ;

Plant life direction ;

Fuel rhythm direction ;

Waste direction ;

Management systems ;

Training and re-training ;

Emergency program dry runs ;

Radiological protection and environmental surveillance ;

Precautions ;

Physical protection ;

Licensing and regulative surveillance ;

Public information and public dealingss.

The overall work force demands for that phase are non so much directed by the works end product capacity but chiefly by the policies sing the utilizations of external contractors for such activities as preventative care and planned closure.

Phase 5: Plant Decommissioning.

This phase is defined as the period get downing with the determination to decommission the works is made and ends with the return of the country, used originally by the works, to its original conditions or to a province leting this country to run into the purpose of its hereafter usage.

This phase can be described as station operation activities taking to decommissioning of the works and direction of the waste within the frame of the countryaa‚¬a„?s long term waste direction programme.

There are three recognized decommissioning schemes:

Immediate dismantlement is the scheme in which the equipment, constructions and parts of a atomic installation incorporating radioactive contaminations are removed or decontaminated to a degree that permits the installation to be released for unrestricted usage, or with limitations

imposed by the regulative organic structure.

Deferred dismantlement ( sometimes called safe storage, safe shop or safe enclosure ) is the scheme in which parts of a atomic installation incorporating radioactive contaminations are either processed or placed in such a status that they can be safely stored and

maintained until they can later be decontaminated and/or dismantled to degrees that permit the installation to be released for other utilizations.

Burial is the scheme in which radioactive contaminations are encased in a structurally durable stuff until radiation decays to a degree permitting unrestricted release of the atomic installation, or

release with limitations imposed by the regulative organic structure.

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