surgical removal of a body part or tissue
ablation
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology
morbid
substance that emits radiation spontaneously; also called tracer
radionuclide
examination of body structures using a fluoroscope
fluoroscopy
Moving bones or limb toward the midline
adduction
the position of being turned outward
eversion
lying face down
prone
tail bone
coccyx
Near to the body proper
proximal
pertaining to the chest
thoracic
turning upside down
inversion
the study of x-rays
radiology
measurement of blood flow in a vessel by reflecting sound waves off moving blood cells
doppler
Toward the surface of the body
superficial
Pertaining to the sole of the foot
plantar
lower back
lumbar
Toward the back
posterior
pertaining to the back
dorsal
using the reflections of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body organ (a sonogram)
ultrasonography
to burn tissue
cauterize
visual examination of a cavity or canal using a special lighted instrument
endoscopy
use of a radioactive material and scanning device to determine, size, shape, location, and function of various organs and structures
nuclear scan
excision of a core sample of tissue for examination
punch biopsy
visual examination of the lungs
thoracoscopy
an infestation of lice
perdiculosis
Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
vitiligo
tissue that is taken from one site and grafted to another site on the same person
autograft
removal of scars or tattoos by anesthetizing the skin surface and then sanding or wire-brushing off some of the outer skin layer
dermabrasion
a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite
scabies
agents that soften the outer layer of the skin so that it sloughs off
keratolytics
agents that kill parasitic skin infestations
paraciticides
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark
fulguration
loss of hair
alopecia
a tan discoloration of a woman’s face that is associated with pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives
chloasma
infections of the skin or nails caused by fungi and appearing as itching circular patches
tinea
study of the skin
dermatology
incision into a nail
onychotomy
A mass of fat found internally
adipoma
Any disease of the nails
onychopathy
removal of the nail
onychectomy
surgical removal of fatty tissue
lipectomy
any disease or disorder of the nails
onychosis
a surgical instrument used to cut very thin slices of skin
dermatome
resembling fat
lipoid
fungal condition of the hair
trichomycosis
inflammation of the skin
dermatitis
any disease or disorder of the nails
onychosis
softening of the fingernail
onychomalcia
one who studies the skin and its diseases
dermatologist
any agent that destroys or prevents the growth of fungi
antifungal
a very contagious infection of the skin
impetigo
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
petechiae
male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics
androgen
a very small duct
ductule
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
homeostasis
the external pouch that contains the testes
scrotum
a chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a new, more complex substance
synthesis
produced by synthesis
synthesize
the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
epidermis
the outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells that slough off
Stratum corneum
the deep vascular inner layer of the skin
dermis
connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis
subcutaneous tissue
sweat gland
sudoriferous gland
oil gland
sebaceous gland
the portion of the hair that projects beyond the skin
hair shaft
a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair
hair follicle
a small projection of tissue at the base of a hair or tooth or feather
papilla
abnormal condition of fat
adip/o-
hernia containing fat
lip/o-
skin
steat/o-
pertaining to beneath the skin
cutane/o-
surgical repair of the skin
dermat/o-
pertaining to under the skin
derm/o-
sweat
hidr/o-
profuse sweating
surdor/o-
dry, scaly
ichthy/o-
horny tissue; hard; cornea
kerat/o-
black
melan/o-
fungus
myc/o-
nail
onych/o-
pertaining to the nails
ungu/o-
hair
pil/o-
disease involving the hair
trich/o-
hardening, sclera (white of eye)
scler/o-
sebum, sebaceous
seb/o-
scale
squam/o-
foreigh, stange
xen/o-
dry
xer/o-
cell
-cyte
skin
-derma
specialist in the study of
-logist
study of
-logy
treatment
-therapy
without, not
an-
through, across
dia-
above, upon
epi-
same
homo-
excessive, above normal
hyper-
under, below
sub-
a small inflamed elevation of skin that is nonsuppurative (as in chicken pox)
papule
(mineralogy) a small rounded lump of mineral substance (usually harder than the surrounding rock or sediment)
nodule
an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
tumor
a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip)
wheal
a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid)
vesicle
a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus
pustule
a vesicle or blister larger than 1cm
bulla
Linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis. Ex. scratches, abrasions, chemical or thermal burns
excoriations
small slit or crack like sore that extends into the dermal later
fissure
an open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring
ulcer
symptom consisting of a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
abscess
an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin
acne
loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers
alopecia
carcinoma, squamous cells characterized by red-brown lesions
bowen disease
an inflammation of body tissue (especially that below the skin) characterized by fever and swelling and redness and pain
cellulitis
a black-tipped plug clogging a pore of the skin
comedo
fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing)
dermatomycosis
the escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels into the surrounding tissue to form a purple or black-and-blue spot on the skin
ecchymosis
generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin
eczema
abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)
erythema
a dry scab formed on the skin following a burn or cauterization of the skin
eschar
a very contagious infection of the skin
impetigo
a skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
keratosis
a small brownish spot (of the pigment melanin) on the skin
lentigo
unnatural lack of color (Paleness) in the skin (as from bruising or sickness or emotional distress)
pallor
infestation with lice (Pediculus humanus) resulting in severe itching
pediculosis
a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever)
petechia
Any injury caused by unrelieved pressure; decubitus ulcer, bedsore, or pressure sore
pressure ulcer
an intense itching sensation that can have various causes (as by allergies or infection or lymphoma or jaundice etc.)
pruritus
a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales
psoriasis
any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding
purpura
a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite
scabies
an itchy skin eruption characterized by weals with pale interiors and well-defined red margins
urticaria
(pathology) a firm abnormal elevated blemish on the skin
verruca
an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)
vitiligo
examination of live tissues taken from the body
biopsy
tissue from an animal of one species used as a temporary graft (as in cases of severe burns) on an individual of another species
xenograft
against allergic reactions
antihistamines
substances used to prevent infection
antiseptics
agents that decrease inflammation or itching
corticosteroids
agents that soften the outer layer of the skin so that it sloughs off
keratolytics
kill insect parasites
paraciticides
cover, cool, dry, or soothe inflamed skin
protectives
blocks pain impulses in skin / used for minor burns, and other pain skin conditions / types are lidocaine, and solarcaine
topical anesthetics
biopsy
BX
basal cell carcinoma
BCC
cancer; chronological age; cardiac arrest
CA
centimeter
cm
decubitis (ulcer)
decub
dermatology
derm
frozen section
FS
intradermal
ID
Incision and drainage
I&D
impression (synonymous with diagnosis)
IMP
intravenous
IV
subcutaneous (injection)
subcu, sub-Q, subQ
Ointment
ung
xeroderma pigmentosum
XP, XDP
inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements
ataxia
TEARING OF A MUSCLE
myorrhexis
part of dead or necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
sequestrum
Excessive sweating.
hyperhydrosis
dull, dim
ambly/o
fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing)
dermatomycosis
any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding
purpura
nerve roots
radiculo
stiffness; bent; crooked
ankyl/o
joint
arthr/o
humback
kyph/o
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
lamin/o
curve, swaback
lord/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
myel/o
straight
orth/o
bone
oste/o
foot; child
ped/o ped/i
crooked, bent
scoli/o
chest
thorac/o
acromion (projection of scapula)
acromi/o
Arm
brachi/o
Calcaneum (heel bone)
Calcane/o
carpus (wrist bone)
carp/o
head
cephal/o
neck; cervis uteri (neck of uterus)
cervic/o
collar bone
clavicul/o
ribs
cost/o
skull
crani/o
fingers; toes
dactyl/o
femur (thigh bone)
fermor/o
fibula (small bone of lower leg)
fibul/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
Humer/o
ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)
ili/o
ischium (lower portion of hip bone)
ischi/o
loins (lower back)
lumb/o
(hand bones)
metacarp/o
foot bones
metatars/o
knee cap
patell/o
pelvis
pelv/i pelv/o
bones of the fingers and toes
phalang/o
foot
pod/o
pelvis bone (anterior part of pelvic bone)
pub/o
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)
radi/o
vertebrae (backbone)
spondyl/o verterb/o
sternum (breast bone)
stern/o
tibia (larger bone of lower leg)
Tibi/o
smooth muscle
leiomy/o
muscle
muscul/o my/o
rod-shaped (striated)
rhabd/o
rod-shaped muscle
rhabdomy/o
cartilage
chondr/o
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
fasci/o
fiber, fibrous tissue
fibr/o
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
synov/p
tendon
ten/o tend/o tendin/o
weakness, debility
-asthenia
embryonic cell
-blast
to break; surgical fracture
-clasia
to break
-clast
binding fixation
-desis
softening
-malacia
growth
-physis
porous
-porosis
visual examination
-scopy
without, not
a-
bad; painful; dificult
dys-
under, below
sub-
above, excessive; superior
supra-
union, together, joined
syn-
stiffness or fixation of a joint
ankylosis
a disorder caused by compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel (where the nerve passes through the wrist)
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Lameness, limping
claudication
firbosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
contracture
diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders with the use of an electromyograph
electromyography
action that makes a problem or a disease (or its symptoms) worse
exacerbation
A cyst of the sheath of a tendon, frequently appearing about the wrist.
ganglion cyst
blood in a joint
hemarthrosis
reduced muscle tone or tension
hypotonia
Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow
multiple myeloma
small abnormal bony outgrowth
osteophyte
Percieved sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
phantom limb
corrective consisting of a replacement for a part of the body
prosthesis
form of oste, osteomalacia in children (causes bone deformity)
rickets
peice of dead bone that is partially or fully attached from the adjacent healthy bone
sequestrum
a forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it producing pressure on spinal nerves
spondylolisthesis
stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae
spondylosis
a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments
sprain
to exert physical physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular
strain
partial displacement of a joint or organ
subluxation
Congenital deformity of on or both feet in which the foot is pulled downwards and then laterally to the side; clubfoot
talipes equinovarus
roentgenographic examination of a joint after injection of radiopaque contrast medium
arthrography
radiographic procedures that use low energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD)
bone density tests
a method of examining body organs by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis
computed tomography (CT)
radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures by injecting a contrast medium
discography
radiography of the five vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine
lumbosacral spinal radiography
roentgenography of the spinal cord to detect possible lesions (usually after injection of a contrast medium into the subarachnoid space)
myelography
injection and detection of radioactive isotopes to create images and identify function and disease
scintigraphy
scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone
bone
a surgical removal of all or part of a limb
amputation
puncture for aspiration of a joint
arthrocentesis
(surgical) breaking of a (stiff) joint
arthroclasia
a minimally invasive operation to repair a damaged joint
arthroscopy
transplantation of a piece of bone from one site to another to repair a skeletal defect
bone grafting
excision of a bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of the joints
bursectomy
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
laminectomy
the replacement of a worn or failed implant
revision surgery
excising a segment of necrosed bone
sequestrectomy
excision of the synovial membrane
synovectomy
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT OF THE KNEE
ACL
Above elbow
AE
above knee
AK
barium enema
BE
below the knee
BK
first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, and so on
C1, C2 and so on
calcium, cancer
Ca
congenital dislocation of the hip
CDH
carpul tunnel syndrom
CTS
computed tomography
CT
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
DEXA, DXA
degenerative joint disease
DJD
electromyography
EMG
fracture
Fx
myasthenia gravis
MG
hip disarticulation
HD
herniated nucleus pulposis –herniated disk
HNP
hemipelvectomy
HP
Intercostal space
IS
intramuscular; infectious mononucleosis
IM
intravenous
IV
knee disarticulation
KD
lumbar spine
LS
magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
without hearing
anacusis
pain of the nerves
neurodynia
Excessive sensitivity to sounds.
hyperacusis
alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles
clonic spasm
incision of a hard piece of skin
corneotomy
difficulty speaking
dysphasia
farsightedness, blurring of close images
hyperopia
incision into the labyrinth
labyrinthotomy
a chronic progressive nervous disorder
multiple sclerosis
removal of stapes from the bone
stapedectomy
hernia of the iris
iridocele
any disease of the brain
cerebropathy
decrease blood flow
ischemic
paralysis of the iris
iridoplegia
inflammation of the retina
retinitis
mental disorder
psychosis
Progressive mental deterioration characterized by severe memory loss
alzheimers
inflammation of the pia and arachnoid membranes
leptomeningitis
surgical incision into the cornea
keratotomy
inflammation of the sclera
scleritis
surgical correction of a damaged middle ear
tympanoplasty
an abnormal loss of strength
asthenia
Nervous System specialist
neurologist
suturing of a nerve
neurorrhaphy
examination of the pupil
pupilloscopy
herniation of the spinal cord
myelocele
paralysis of the spinal cord
myeloplegia
the study of the eye and its diseases
ophthamology
Paralysis of the eyelid is
blepharoplegia
discharge of pus from the ear
otopyorrhea
(physiology) the automatic adjustment in focal length of the lens of the eye
accommodation
sharpness of vision
acuity
an accessory or adjoining anatomical parts or appendages (especially of the embryo)
adnexa
A joint that moves
articulating
any fluid or semifluid of the body
humor
a complex system of interconnecting cavities
labyrinth
not letting light through
opaque
the bodily fluid that fills the space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
perilymph
a special pigment found in the rods and cones of the retina
photopigment
capable of changing the direction (of a light or sound wave)
refractive
layer or coat of tissue; also called membrane layer
tunic
dull, dim
ambly/o
water
aque/o
eyelid
blephar/o
choroid; membrane
choroid/o
eardrum
tempanic membrane
the externally visible cartilaginous structure of the external ear
auricle
either of the passages in the outer ear from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
external auditory canal
pupil
core/o, pupill/o
cornea
corne/o
ciliary body of eye; circular; cycle
cylc/o
tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac, or gland)
dacry/o
the ossicle attached to the eardrum
malleus
tear duct
dacry/o
the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by the Organ of Corti
cochlea
tears
lacrim/o
either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx
eustachian tube
lacrimal sac
dacryocyst/o
gray
glauc/o
angle
goni/o
iris
irid/o
three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement
semicircular canals
eye, vision
ocul; opthalm/o; opt/o; optic/o
lens
phac/o
light
phot/o
old age
presby/o
retina
retin/o
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
scler/o
darkness
scot/o
vitreous body (of eye)
vitr/o
hearing
Audi/o
severe congenital deficiency in color perception (color blindness)
acromatopsia
small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland (meibomian gland) along the margin of the eyelid
chalzion
inability to see clearly in dim light
nyctalopia
disease of the retina
retinopathy
extreme dissieness
mineres disease
exam of the angle of th cornea and iris
goniscopy
abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects
hyperopia
a unit of measurement of the refractive power of a lens which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in meters
diopter
bruise
ecchymosis
brain
encephalo
Linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis. Ex. scratches, abrasions, chemical or thermal burns
excoriations
small slit or crack like sore that extends into the dermal later
fissure
an open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring
Ulcer
(skin cancer) carcinoma type that may occur in many different organs, including the skin, mouth, esophagus, prostate, lungs, and cervix. It is a malignant tumor of epithelium that shows squamous cell differentiation.
squamous cell carcinoma
Cancerous black tumor
Malignant melanoma
the deep vascular inner layer of the skin
dermis
are somewhat cube shaped. They consist of a core of spongy bone, also knows as (cancellous bone) enclosed in a thin surface layer of compact bone. EX (ankles, wrists, and toes)
short bones
include the bones that cannot be classified as short or long because of their complex shapes (vertebrae and the bones of the middle ear)
Irregular bones
they provide broad surfaces for muscular organs. (skull, shoulder blades, sternum)
flat bones
are found in the appendages (legs, arms, fingers)
Long bones
bone forming cells
osteoblast
an abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column
scoliosis
an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column
kyphosis
an abnormal inward (forward) curvature of the vertebral column
lordosis
cerebrum
cerebr/o
cranium (skull)
crani/o
brain
encephal/o
ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)
gangli/o
movement
kinesi/o
meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)
mening/o
Bone marrow; spinal cord
myel/o
stupor; numbness; sleep
narc/o
nerve
neur/o
nerve root
radicul/o
pain
-algesia -algia
weakness. debility
-asthenia
feeling
-esthenia
movement
-kinesia
seizure
-lepsy
partial paralysis
-paresis
speech
-phasia
paralysis
-plegia
order, coordination
-taxia
thick
pachy-
inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements
ataxia
impaired ability to learn to read
dyslexia
an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain
hydrocephalus
weakness characterized by a lack of vitality or energy
lethargy
a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction
neurosis
congenital defect in the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of spinal membranes or tissue
spina bifida
a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which a sac containing part of the spinal cord and its meninges protrude through a gap in the vertebral column
myelomeningocele
Severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve
sciatica
recording of electrical activity in the brain
electencephalography
series of chemical, microscopic, and microbial tests used to diagnose disorders of the central nervous system
CSF cerebrospinal fluid analysis
roentgenographic examination of blood vessels after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium
angiography
a method of examining body organs by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis
computed tomography
using a computerized radiographic technique to examine the metabolic activity in various tissues (especially in the brain)
positron emission tomography
using the reflections of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body organ (a sonogram)
ultrasonography
cutting the vagus nerve to reduce stomach stimulation, used to treat an ulcer
vagotomy
dull, dim
ambly/o
eyelid, disparity of the eye axes
stabismus
esotropia or exotropia
heterotropia
strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose
esotropia
inflammation of the middle ear
otis media
sever congenital deficienct in color, Complete color blindness
achromatopsia
inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye
conjunctivitis
protrusion of the eyeball from the socket
exophthalmos
swelling of the optic disc (where the optic nerve enters the eyeball)
papilledema
a ringing or booming sensation in one or both ears
tinnitus
severe dizziness; giddiness
vertigo
measuring sensitivity of hearing
audiometry
without hearing
anacusis
pain of the nerves
neurodynia
abnormally acute sensitivity to sounds
hyperacusis
alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles
clonic spasm
incision of a hard piece of skin
corneotomy
speech difficulty resulting from brain injury
dysphasia
