Microbiology Test 2: Practice Questions

Sieve
The agarose used in electrophoresis acts as a
Ethidium bromide
A dye often used for its ease and sensitivity to visualize nucleic acid after agarose gel electrophoresis
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Binary fission
Prokaryotic cells divide by a process known as
Lowering the activation energy
Enzymes speed up reactions by
Pure culture
All the bacterial cells that result from the replication of a single organism are said to be a
Southern blotting
This method transfers DNA from agarose gels to nitrocellulose membranes
Phototrophs
Bacteria that can absorb light energy and convert it into ATP are commonly called
Mutation
A change in the sequence of a cell’s DNA that is passed on to daughter cells
Light
The prefix photo- indicates that an organism will make use of
Exergonic reactions
Occurs when there is more free energy in the reactants than in the products
DNA fragments of a particular size
PCR produces
Thymine dimmers
Irradiation of cells with UV light may cause
RNA
A Northern blot detects specific
Coenzymes
They are organic molecules.
They transfer atoms from one molecule to another.
They may bind to a number of different enzymes.
They are synthesized from vitamins.
Death
During which phase of the bacterial growth curve does the total number of viable cells decline?
Pasteur
Experiments designed by __________ suggested that living cells caused the fermentation of sugar to produce alcohol.
The genotype of a bacterium that lacks a functional gene for histidine synthesis and bacteria that are auxotrophic for histidine.
The designation his- refers to
Oxidation
The name given to the reaction involving removal of electrons or hydrogen atoms from a compound is termed
Temperature, pH, salt
Environmental factors that may affect enzyme activity include
Plasmids
A common vector used for cloning genes is/are
Plasmolysis
High concentrations of salt and sugar to preserve foods
Vitamins
Coenzymes are derivatives of
Obtain pure culture of microbes
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a valuable tool to
7.0
The optimum pH for growth of most species of bacteria is
Enzyme
The use of the suffix “ase” on a word denotes a
E. coli
The gene for human insulin has been successfully cloned in
Phenotype
The characteristics displayed by an organism in any given environment is its
Amplifying a small sample of DNA
PCR is particularly useful in
Southern blot/colony blot
DNA hybridization is used in
Glycolysis
What is another name for the Embden-Meyerhof pathway?
Metabolically active cells
The lag phase of the bacterial growth curve is marked by
Chemoorganotrophs
Organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing organic compounds such as glucose
DNA microarray technology
Consists of molecules of single-stranded DNA, immobilized on glass slides, silicon chips, or nylon membranes; used to screen patients, prospective, parents, and unborn children for mutant genes
The enzyme used to amplify DNAs in PCR
Taq polymerase is
Alkylating agents
The largest group of chemical mutagens consists of
Transposons
Segments of DNA capable of moving from one area in the DNA to another
Major elements
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur may be considered
Vector
Host cells containing recombinant DNA can be selected on the basis of the properties of the
Oxygen, nitrate, inorganic molecule.
The terminal electron acceptor in respiration may be
Electricity
The energy to separate fragments during agarose gel electrophoresis is supplied by
Substrates, products
Enzymes act on _________ to produce _________.
Capacity to do work
Energy is defined as the
Superoxide dismutase, catalase
The enzymes that deal with toxic oxygen-containing molecules is/are
Mutation
The source of variation among microorganisms that were once identical is
Size
Agarose gel electrophoresis separates nucleic acid fragments according to
Streak plate method
The simplest technique for isolating bacteria in growth media is referred to as the
Recombinant DNA
Two different pieces of DNA linked together
Antiseptic organisms/antiseptics
For use on the skin
Staphylococcus aureus
Hexachlorophene has been particularly effective against
Heat resistant endospores are unaffected
Boiling is not reliable for sterilization because
Bacteria
1. Often grow in close association with many other kinds of organisms
2. May remain in a prolonger exponential phase
3. Frequently synthesize structures such as slime layers
4. May adhere to surfaces by means of pili and slime layers
Fermentation, respiration
Pyruvate can be metabolized along two major routes
Links glycolysis to the TCA cycle
The transition step
Replica plating
Is useful of indirect selection and for identifying auxotrophs and conditional lethal mutants
Autoclave treatment
The __________ __________ may be monitored by heat sensitive tape and heat resistant endospores of Bacillus stearothermophilus
Buffers
Products which limit pH changes are often incorporated into media and are referred to as
Need for cooler temperatures
Mycobacterium leprae is typically found infecting the ears, toes, and fingers of its host due to its
Phenotype
Visible characteristics of an organism
Growth factors
Compounds that must be provided to the organism
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Cationic detergents which help wash surfaces and are attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface
Production of secondary metabolites
Late log phase of the bacterial growth curve is marked by
Pasteur
Lister developed his ideas on asepsis after studying the work of
Vitamins
Coenzymes are derivatives of
Trace elements
May be needed for enzyme function and may include Zinc, Copper and Magnesium
Chlorine
Readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes; an effective, inexpensive disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms
Electron trasport system
Requires a membrane and generates a concentration gradient of protons
Glutaraldehyde
If given enough time, is able to destroy all forms of microbial life; is very good for use on heat sensitive medical items
True
T/F The TCA cycle must turn twice in order to complete the oxidation of one glucose molecule
Fermentation
Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor
Genome
DNA and plasmids of an organism
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