Mitosis/meiosis test

super coiled DNA and proteins. the DNA is wrapped around the protein.
what are chromosomes made of?
pair of chromosomes that are identical in size, shape, and genetic information
what are homologous chromosomes?
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a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes
What is a diploid number?
2N=46
What is the human diploid number?
a cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes
What is a haploid number?
N=23
What is the human haploid number?
repair, DNA effective communication, efficient transport of nutrients/waste, to grow
why is cell division necessary?
cell grows and performs metabolic activity
Interphase- Gap1
DNA copies itself
Interphase- Synthesis
organelles replicate and prepare for division
Interphase- Gap2
the division of body cells
what is mitosis?
4. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
how many stages is mitosis broken into? what are they?
-nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear
-chromatin/DNA condenses and chromosomes become visible
-centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
-asters and spindle fibers appear
what happens in prophase?
area where the chromatids of the chromosomes are attached
what is a centromere?
-chromosomes line upon the equator of the cell
-spindle fibers attach to each side of the centromere
what happens in metaphase?
-cell elongates
-sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite sides of the cell
what is anaphase?
-nucleolus and nuclear envelope reappear
-chromosomes unravel
-cell membrane pinches inward
what is telophase?
-division of cytoplasm
-2 genetically identical daughter cells enter into G1 of interphase
what is cytokinesis?
-DNA can communicate
-efficient transport
why is mitosis so important?
sex cells. testes and ovaries
what are gametes? where do we find them?
the division of sex cells
what is meiosis?
structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
what is a tetrad?
-homologous chromosomes pair up and form a structure called a tetrad
-crossing-over can occur (shuffling genetic information)
what happens in prophase 1 of meiosis?
-homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids
what is crossing over?
-homologous chromosomes line up on the equator pf the cell
-spindle fibers attach to ONE side of the centromere
what happens during metaphase of meiosis?
-homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell
what happens during anaphase 1 of meiosis?
-nucleolus and nuclear envelope reappear
-chromosomes unravel
-cytokinesis occurs
what happens during telophase 1 of meiosis?
-synthesis does not occur in meiosis
-DNA does not replicate
how is meiotic interphase different than mitotic interphase?
-nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear
-chromatin/DNA condenses and chromosomes become visible
-centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
-asters and spindle fibers appear
what happens in prophase 2 of meiosis?
-chromosomes line upon the equator of the cell
-spindle fibers attach to each side of the centromere
what happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis?
-cell elongates
-sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite sides of the cell
what happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis?
-nucleolus and nuclear envelope reappear
-chromosomes unravel
-cell membrane pinches inward
what happens in telophase 2 of meiosis?
the creation of sex cells
what is gametogensis?
the creation of sperm cells
what is spermatogenesis?
the creation of egg cells
what is oogenesis?
4
how many sperm cells are produced from one spermatocyte at the end of spermatogenesis?
1
how many egg cells are produced at the end of oogenesis?
-packed with nutrients so if it gets fertilized it can grow
-only have one child
why is it necessary that only one egg cell be produced?
23
how many chromosomes are in each gamete cell at the end of meiosis?
-there are 4 after meiosis and they aren’t identical
-there are 2 after mitosis and they are identical
how do the daughter cells in mitosis and meiosis compare?
to live, repair, and grow
why is mitosis so important to our lives?
so sex cells only have 23 chromosomes
why is meiosis important to our lives?
OPEN RESPONSE: List 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis.
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