pairs of chromosomes that correspond in body cells
homologous chromosomes
two sets
diploid number of chromosomes
the process that separates homologous pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell, forming a haploid gamete
meiosis
cells contain only one set of chromosomes, example gametes
haploid cells
the result of replicated chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome
tetrad
the process of alleles exchanging between chromatids
crossing-over
each replicated chromosomes pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome
prophase 1
paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
metaphase 1
spindle fibers pull each homologous pair toward opposite ends of the cell
anaphase 1
nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes
telophase 1
resulting in two new cells
cytokinesis
chromosomes do not replicate
meiosis 2
chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids become visible
prophase 2
similar to meiosis 1 – 4 haploids cells from that are gametes
metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2, and Cytokinesis
this if formed during fertilization when tow gametes unite
zygote
ONE CELL DIVISION that results in TWO genetically IDENTICAL DIPLOID cells
Comparing meiosis and mitosis, MITOSIS IS
TWO CELL DIVISIONS that result in FOUR genetically DIFFERENT HAPLOID cells
Comparing meiosis and mitosis, MEIOSIS IS
on the same chromosome
Alleles tend to be inherited together if they are located where?
independently
Chromosomes, not genes segregate how?
cross over
The farther apart genes are on a chromosome makes them more likely for this to happen
information of linkage and the frequency of crossing-over
What information do geneticists use to construct maps of the locations of genes on chromosomes
gene
The offspring of two parents obtains a single copy of every what from each parent?
one complete set of genes
What must a gamete contain?
spindles
Genes or located at specific positions of what?
a haploid
What is a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes called
sexually reproducing
Haploids are the gametes of what type of organisms
3
If an organism’s haploid number is 6 what is it’s diploid number
2-4
A diploid cell that enters mitosis with 16 chromosomes will divide to produce how man daughter cells, and each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?
16
If the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism is 16, each daughter cell after mitosis will contain how many chromosomes
4 – 8
A diploid cell hat enter meiosis with 16 chromosomes will pass through mitosis cell divisions, producing how many daughter cells, each with how many chromosomes?
1/2 the number of chromosomes
Gametes have how many chromosomes
10
If an organism’s haploid number is 5 what is it’s diploid number?
18
If an organism’s haploid number is 9 what is it’s diploid number?
6
If an organism’s diploid number is 12 what is it’s haploid number?
10
If an organism’s diploid number is 20 what is it’s haploid number?
double the haploid and even
While a haploid number of chromosomes may be even or odd, a diploid number is always what?
homologous chromosome
During Meiosis 1 each replicated chromosome pairs with its corresponding what?
tetrads
During Meiosis 1 crossing-over occurs between what
across the center of the cell
during Meiosis 2 each paired homologous chromosome lines up where?
spindle fibers
During Meiosis 1 what pulls each homologous chromosome pair toward an opposite end of the cell
2 new cells
During Meiosis 2 a nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes and cytokinesis follows. What does this form
They don’t pair to form tetrads
During Meiosis 2 chromosomes consist of 2 chromatids, but what don’t they do?
4 new cells are formed
During Meiosis 1 a nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes and cytokinesis follows. What is formed when this happens?
