Naming and Formula Writing

What are the two type of compounds?
Ionic Compounds & Molecular Compounds
What is the overall charge of any formula unit?
Zero
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Atoms are electrically _____.
Neutral
What are ions?
Groups of atoms with a charge
Nonmetals can _____ electrons.
Gain
What is the rule for naming cations of metals form the transition elements?
Indicate the charge with the Roman numerals in parentheses
What are the exceptions to the transition metal rule
Zinc and Silver
Ca2+
Calcium Ion
Fe3+
Iron (III) ion
Cu+
Copper (I) ion
What is the rule for naming monatomic anions?
Change the element ending to -ide
S2-
Sulfide
Br1-
Bromide
As3-
Arsenide
Selenide ion
Se2-
Carbide ion
C4-
What are polyatomic ions?
Groups of atoms that stay together and have a charge
NaCl
Sodium Chloride
Ca3(PO4)2
Calcium Phosphate
CuO
Copper(II) Oxide
SnBr2
Tin(II) Bromide
Na3N
Sodium Nitride
CrN
Chromium(III) Nitride
If two oxidation numbers are NOT the same magnitude,
You will need to “criss-cross” the superscripts. These numbers now become subscripts
Aluminum Sulfide- Al3+ S2-
Al2S3
Lithium selenide
Li2Se
Tin (IV) Oxide
SnO4
Copper (II) Sulfide
CuS
Gallium (III) Nitride
GaN
Tin (II) oxide
SnO
Iron (II) phosphide
Fe3P2
Ternary ionic compounds are composed of at least _____.
3 elements
LiCN
Lithium Cyanide
(NH4)2CO3
Ammonium Carbonate
NaNO3
Sodium Nitrate
Fe(OH)3
Iron (III) Hydroxide
NiPO4
Nickel (III) Phosphate
CuSO3
Copper (II) Sulfite
The process of writing formulas for ternary compounds is the _____.
The same for that of binary compounds
Ammonium Chloride
NH4Cl
Barium Nitrate
Ba(NO3)2
Sodium Hypochlorite
NaClO
Ammonium Sulfide
(NH4)2S
Chromium (III) Acetate
Cr(C2H3O2)3
What are acids?
Compounds that contain hydrogen ions (H+)
What determines the name of the acid?
The anion
What do binary acids contain?
Hydrogen and an anion whose name ends in -ide.
What is the rule to naming binary acids?
When naming the acid, put the prefix “hydro-” and change “-ide” to “-ic” acid
HCl
Hydrochloric Acid
H2S
Hydro Sulfuric Acid
HF
Hydrofluoric Acid
H3P
Hydrophosphoric Acid
Hydrobromic Acid
HBr
Hydrotelluric Acid
H2Te
Hydroiodic Acid
HI
Hydroselenic Acid
H2Se
What is the rule to naming Ternary acid?
Change the suffix “-ate” to “-ic” acid. Change the suffix “-ite” to “-ous” acid. The “hydro-” prefix is NOT used
HNO2
Nitrous Acid
H3PO4
Phosphoric Acid
H2CO3
Carbonic Acid
H2CrO4
Chromic Acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric Acid
HClO2
Chlorous Acid
The lack of the prefix “hydro-” from the name implies the acid is _____.
Ternary, made of the hydrogen ion and a polyatomic ion
Acetic acid
HC2H302
Sulfurous acid
H2SO3
Perchloric Acid
HClO4
Iodic Acid
HIO3
Dichromic Acid
H2Cr2O4
Hypochlorous Acid
HClO
2 (+) elements where one is a metal
Alloy
positive ions
Cation
an ionic compound resulting from an exchange of electrons from a metal (cation) to a nonmetal (anion)
Binary Ionic Compound
an exchange of valence electrons from one substance to another; creates cations and anions
Ionic Bond
compounds composed of cations (metals) and anions (nonmetals)
Ionic Compounds
Luster
Malleable
Ductile
Conducts Electricity
Conducts Heat
Properties of Metals
an orderly repeating 3D pattern of cations and anions locked in position due to their mutal attraction
Ionic Crystal
the covalent bonding between atoms in metals, in which the valence electrons are free to move through the crystal
Metallic Bonding
The Criss-Cross Rule
a way to write the formula for an ionic compound in the lowest whole number ration of cations to anions
The Criss-Cross Rule
1. write the charges of ion above each atom
2. “Criss-cross” the charges (chare of anion becomes the cation; charge of cation becomes subscript of the anion)
3. reduce the charge ratio at the end
Criss-Cross Rule Method
1. Crystalline solids
2. High melting and boiling points
3. Conduct electricity when melted
4. Many soluble in water
Ionic Properties
1. Gases, liquids, or solids (made of molecules)
2. Low melting and boiling points
3. Poor electrical conductors in all phases
4. Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in water
Covalent Properties
The Lewis structure of an ion is placed in brackets and its charge is written as a superscript outside of the brackets, on the upper right.
Lewis Structure for Ionic Bonds
have at least one polyatomic ion; stil electrically neutral; first substance is either a metal, or amonium
Ternary Ionic Compound
Magnesium sulfate hex hydrate
Mg(SO4)2. 6H2O
Ethane, Methane and Propane
C2H6, CH4 and C3H8
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