Naming, Periodic Table Charges, Atomic/Molecular Elements

a positively charged ion
Cation
a negatively charged ion
Anion
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1+
Group 1 (Element Charge)
2+
Group 2 (Element Charge)
3+
Group 3 (Element Charge)
Not Charged
Group 8 (Element Charge)
1-
Group 7 (Element Charge)
2-
Group 6 (Element Charge)
3-
Group 5 (Element Charge)
(Transition Group) charge varies
Groups 4-14 (Element Charge)
Diatomic Elements (aka Molecular Elements)
Br I N Cl H O F
Always exist as a pair (Br I N Cl H O F)
Molecular Element
exists as one atom by itself
Atomic Element
Avagadro’s number (6.022 x 10^23 atoms) equivalent
1 mole equivalent
(a substance formed by) chemical union of two or more elements
Compound
form between a Cation (metal) and Anion (non-metal) (held together by electrostatic forces)
Ionic Bonds
form when electrons are shared between atoms (Between two NON metals)
Covalent Bonds
shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound
Molecular Formula
Base name of (cation) metal, followed by base name of (anion) non-metal with the suffix changed to -ide.
Ionic Nomenclature – Type I
Roman Numeral I goes between the cation and anion names when it is a transition metal (varied charge) to show charge
Ionic Nomenclature – Type II
charges must balance so it equals out the charge of the anion (type II ionic)
How do you get the cation charge? (Ionic Type II)
Group of atoms with a charge that acts as a unit
(Naming) Polyatomic Ions
First Letter(s) = Element of Polyatomic Ion
# of Constanants = # of Oxygen
# of Vowels = Charge
NICK the CAMEL ate a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX (Pneumonic)
2+
Zinc Charge
2+
Cadmium Charge
1+
Lead Charge
Type I suffix
-ite
Type II suffix
-ate
(Name based on ANION – often (aq))
H+(cation) combined with an anion (varies)
Hydro + Element Stem +ide=ic (I)
Element Stem + ate=ic (type II)
Element Stem + ite=ous (polyatomic)
Acids (naming)
Hydro + Element Stem +ide=ic
Type I Acid Naming
Element Stem + ate=ic
Type II Acid Naming
Element Stem + (ite =)ous
Polyatomic Acid Naming
Hydro + Element Stem +ic (acid from type I)
Hydro + Element Stem +ide (name Acid)
Element Stem + ic (acid from type II)
Element Stem + ate (name Acid)
Element Stem + ous (acid from polyatomic)
Element Stem + ite (name Acid)
Composed of two NON-METALS and uses prefix+element name, prefix+element name structure (if first element is mono no prefix used)
(mono di tri tetra penta hexa hepta oct non deca)
Covalent Naming
Binary Ionic
Uses Periodic Table for charges to name
gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound
Empirical Formula
chemical bonds hold together…
Compounds are made of atoms held together by…
…are forces of attraction between atoms
Bonds are forces of attraction between…
…comes from attractions between protons and electrons
bonding attraction…
uses lines to represent covalent bonds
structural formula
a chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms.
molecular formula
Uses balls to represent atoms and sticks to represent chemical bonds.
(Shows how the atoms are arranged in a compound & the bonds and angles between them)
Ball and Stick model
Shows the relative amount of space each atom actually takes up and orientation but doesn’t show bond lengths clearly
space-filling model
Structural, Molecular, Ball-and-stick, and Space-filling
Four types of Chemical Formulas
elements whose particles are single atoms
atomic elements
elements whose particles are multi-atom molecules
molecular elements
compounds whose particles are molecules made of only nonmetals
molecular compounds
compounds whose particles are cations and anions
ionic compounds
the unknown compound undergoes combustion (burning) in the presence of pure oxygen then water and carbon dioxide are isolated and weighed.
combustion analysis
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