Image manipulation is everywhere on are daily life. It is a type of digital art. It is a unique way to describe editing photos and adding filters and special effects to photographs in order to make an illusion or define through digital means. Photo manipulation has been commonly used to deceive or convince viewers. It can be simply a photo which colors have been converted, or a photo that has been painted over, usually they use photoshop, but there are other softwares what can we use for manipulating images, image manipulation is an art as well.
Photo manipulation is done for a number of purposes. More infamously, it is for political or sensational purposes. However, photo manipulation is also an art form in its own right (www. brightclub. com). The photographs have been manipulated in darkrooms for decade. Before computers, photo manipulation was achieved by retouching with ink, paint, double exposure, piecing photos or negatives together in the darkroom, or scratching Polaroids. Airbrushes were also used, whence the term “airbrushing” for manipulation.
The first recorded case of photo manipulation was in the early 1860s, when a photo of Abraham was altered using the body from a portrait of John C. Calhoun. The 1980s saw the advent of digital retouching with Quantel computers running Paintbox, and Scitex imaging workstations being used professionally Silicon Graphics computers running Barco Creator became available in the late 1980s which, alongside other contemporary packages, were effectively replaced in the market by Adobe Photoshop (wikipedia).
Here are few recent approaches of computer technology on image manipulation are the ethics of using image manipulation on the covers of magazines, using image manipulation in photojournalism, techniques used for image manipulation. Ethics are the rules that we invent and explain what we think is good or wrong. The dictionary says ethics are “a set of moral principles or values” and that ethical means “conforming to accepted professional standards of conduct”. The Ethics of Using Image Manipulation on the covers of magazines. Every day people spend millions of ollars on products to try to look they best and to be beautiful, to look good as men and women on the covers of magazines. What they don’t realize that most of the photographers and photo editors usually retouch, or add things on photographs. Image manipulation used in journalism. The writings are growing, committed to the ethical use of digital editing in photojournalism. In the USA for example, the National Press Photographers Association (NPPA) have set a Code of Ethics promoting the accuracy of published images, advising that photographers “do not manipulate images [… that can mislead viewers or misrepresent subjects. ” [http://www. nppa. org/professional_development/business_practices/ethics. html NPPA Code of Ethics webpage]Infringements of the Code are taken very seriously, especially regarding digital alteration of published photographs, as evidenced in a recent case in which a Pulitzer prize-nominated photographer resigned his post following the revelation that a number of his photographs had been manipulated. [ [http://www. pdnonline. com/pdn/newswire/article_display. jsp? nu_content_id=1003571795 Blade Editor: Detrich Submitted 79 Altered There are lots of techniques what they can use for manipulating images. Before we had computers there also were techniques in the darkroom, such as multiple printing, hand coloring dodging and blurring. And here are some Digital manipulation techniques, such as retouching its used To improve appearance for example removing wrinkles, sliming down or remove distracting or unwanted items. Pasting details to change facial features, adding color, add elements to a scene in order to change the tone of a photograph.
Photomontage to combine images to suggest a relationship or create a new image with a compound meaning. the realignment of the Egyptian pyramids on the cover of National Geographic (1982) Firestorms have erupted in the media over O. J. Simpson’s darkened mug shot on the cover of Time (1994) But there is something amazing in image manipulations, image manipulation is an art by itself, what needs, skill and accuracy, it is a creative form of the digital age. And the manipulated image becomes more impressive when
