Later, the ancient Chinese, Indian, and Egyptian civilizations had traditions of physical education and activity, most commonly acted out in sporting competitions, military tactics and training, and martial arts. However, the real history of physical education is in the changing methodologies used to transmit physical skills and, to a lesser extent, the varying intentions of the educator, and thus together influence is often argued to be the most fundamental to how the discipline is viewed today.
The ancient Greek emphasis on anatomy, physical achievement and abilities was for the first time in the ancient world blended with a humanistic and scientific approach to balancing one’s life. The first known literary reference to an athletic competition is preserved in the ancient Greek text, the Iliad, by Homer, and the ancient Greek tradition of the Olympic Games, which originated in the early eighth century B. C. E. The Japanese tradition of physical exercise integrated into daily life derived from Bushier (“the way of the warrior”).
The father of modern physical education as we know it today was Frederica Ludwig Kahn. During the nineteenth century, Kahn established the first gymnastic school for children in Germany. A fervent German nationalist, Kahn believed that the best kind of society was one that had established standards of physical strength and abilities. The first Tarantula, or open-air gymnasium, was opened by Kahn In Berlin in 1811, and the Traveling (gymnastics association) movement spread rapidly.
Around the same time, but independent of John’s developments, the Swedish teacher Peer Henries Ling started to see the benefits of gymnastics. In 1813 he was successful In developing the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute with the cooperation of the Swedish government, which went far to advance physical controlling. Soon, many European nations followed suit, first with private schools mostly for gymnastics. In the early twentieth century, with the advent of organized sports, public schools around the world started to develop physical education curricula.
Before physical education came popular In school systems, private gyms started to crop up In Europe and America. The first indoor gymnasium In Germany was probably the one built In Hess in 1852 by Adolph Espies, an enthusiast for boys’ and girls’ gymnastics in the schools. In ten unlace states, ten lurker movement teenager In ten nineteenth Ana early twentieth centuries. The first Turners group was formed in Cincinnati in 1848. The Turners built gymnasium in several cities, including Cincinnati and SST. Louis which had large German American populations. Adults and youth utilized these gyms.
