Project And Risk Management Strategy Contributions Commerce Essay

Most organisation develops aims for its operations in the long tally, as operations contribute to the success of an organisation. Operations map is the cardinal portion to organisation, it produces all the value added goods and services. Once operations maps have been understood, an organisation needs to explicate rules to be guideline for them to accomplish aims. This is Operations scheme of an organisation. In the long tally, the operations scheme needs to be improved to keep operations public presentations. This assignment is really of import it tend to explicate how can operations scheme been improved by hazard and undertaking direction to bridge the spread between the current public presentation and the coveted public presentation ( Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2001 ) . This assignment will hold three subdivisions.

Section one will cover with operations scheme.

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Section two will discourse undertaking and hazard direction and their parts to the betterment of operations scheme.

The last subdivision will indicate out challenges of bettering operations scheme, recommendations, decision and brooding research

Section ONE

2.0 OPERATIONS STRATEGY

Before any account about operations scheme, first Lashkar-e-Taiba ‘s see what is ‘Strategy ‘ ? . A scheme is plus of guide line about where an organisation privation to be, how to positioning itself and how it will make at that place so as to accomplish the desirable aims ( Grant, 2010 ) .He pointed out 4 factors for successful scheme.

An organisation determines long term, simple and agreed aims.

Understanding the environment in which organisation is viing.

Objective assessment of organisation ‘s resources by working internal scheme of an organisation while protecting countries of failing.

Last is an affectional execution, otherwise the scheme will be of less usage.

After the treatment of scheme now we account for operations scheme. ( Slack et al. , 2001:65 ) argue that

It is a portion of organisation ‘s entire scheme which has four content/perspectives. ( See figure 1 at appendix ) .

Top down position, this reflects by and large on what concern wants to make or to be in and how to apportion resources in its assorted concerns.

Bottom up positions, which describe operations betterments and organisation entire scheme edifice.

Market demand position is about operations scheme affecting in interpreting client demands into operations determinations by doing certain that an organisation satisfies its targeted market.

The operations resources perspective ; place the organisation ‘s resources capableness in the chosen markets. This aid to derive sustainable competitory advantage on the country they are making better than rivals. Although they argue that this has important impact in organisation if operations resources will non be allocated careful, in the long term an organisation will non recognize its operations objectives/goals.

2.1 THE ROLE OF OPERATIONS STRATEGY.

Operationss differ from one organisation to another depending on which concern an organisation or size of an organisation. Regardless of these differences the fact is that, every organisation need operations scheme ( Slack, et al. , 2009 ) discusses four functions of operations scheme.

1. Operationss scheme articulate a vision for the part of operations maps. This is the statement on how operations will add value to the concern. ( Hayes and Wheelwright as cited by Slack et al. , 2009 ) argue that, this construct can be good explained in four phase theoretical accounts. ( See figure 2 at appendix ) .

Phase 1: Internal neutrality where it describes that operations vision demand to be internally impersonal that is to state it needs to avoid large error and seek to rectify the worst jobs so as to convey the organisation back.

Phase 2: External neutrality. In this phase an organisation compares itself with its rivals in similar concern or in different market from which it operates and adopts the best pattern on its operations.

Phase 3: At internal supportive, the province of operations is being supportive by supplying value operations scheme and associate the scheme to the operations while doing certain that it will increase operations capablenesss.

Phase 4: This is an externally supportive where it gives organisations advantage by seeking to make its operations in different manner than rivals.

2. It defines operations public presentation aims for an organisation ; it pursues these aims to fulfill demands of its stakeholders. An organisation must see these five public presentation aims as they can impact the manner to fulfill their clients which will impact organisation ‘s fight. ( Slack et al. , 2004 ) pointed out these operations public presentation aims as:

Quality-Is the ability of an organisation bring forthing their products/services in the right manner with no mistakes while besides bring forthing harmonizing to specification.

Cost- Is the ability to bring forth in low cost which enables an organisation to portion this with clients in low monetary value. This can be achieved when an organisation construct a good relationship with providers so that they get input in low monetary value every bit good as keeping their operations cost.

Dependability- Is about presenting goods and services on the promising clip to your clients.

Speed- Is the manner an organisation do things quick in response to the demand where there is a short clip between when the client needs the product/service and when having it.

Flexibility- Is ability to alter, it may be altering the operations to get by with immediate fortunes or altering harmonizing to the demand of client every bit good as presenting new merchandises or services. Flexibility in organisation has four facets:

Ability to alter measure of your production

Ability to alter production clip.

Ability to alter the assortment of your merchandises and services which you are bring forthing.

Ability to larn, introduce by bring forthing new merchandises and services.

Organizations win in any or all of these five public presentation aims can be able to accomplish its concern scheme which will be tantamount to accomplish its competitory factors.

In other manus literature reappraisal argue that it is impossible for an organisation to win in all these public presentations aims in the same clip and at all facets of its operations, it must take which public presentation objective it desire to cover with and foregone others ; this consequence to the construct of “ tradeoffs ” where by an organisation demand to give up the public presentation in one facet of operation so as to make good in another operation. This construct was brought foremost by Skinner in 1969. He argues that an organisation needs to place the individual end and trade with it to win, as operation scheme can win if and merely if it based in one clear end. This construct of trade -offs was rejected by some of operations direction bookmans as ( McGraw-hill online, 2007 ) reported that these bookmans argue that some of organisations are capable of fulfilling their rivals in multiple ways, they have better quality, lower cost, greater dependableness every bit good as being flexible in their operations. ( See illustration one at appendix for companies achieved its operations scheme ) .

3. Another function of operations scheme is to place the wide determinations that will assist the operations achieve its aims. This is placing which best or on how operations will accomplish its operations aims by being specifically for case on how it will accomplish velocity, quality, cost, dependableness and flexibleness in organisation.

4. Lastly it reconciles strategic determinations to aims by associating the aims public presentation and every operations determination made in an organisation while seeking to joint the association between operations aims and the manner of accomplishing those aims.

Section TWO

2.3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Most organisations aim in fulfilling client ‘s demands and the major end of a undertaking is to fulfill client demands. A undertaking as defined by ( Gray and Larson, 2007 )

It has the undermentioned features.

Well defined aims

Estimate clip with a start and an terminal

Making something new

Normally need engagement of several sections in and professionals

Clearly defined clip, cost and public presentation demand

It can besides be explained through undertaking life rhythm. It passes through four phases. Specifying phase where specific undertaking is defined, be aftering phase which determine what the undertaking will imply and when will be scheduled, executing phase where the major occupation of the undertaking is done, eventually is project presenting to clients and redeploying it.

Project direction involves all the managerial activities which are required to oversee a undertaking to a successful terminal. These activities include specifying, planning and commanding undertakings ( Shenhar and Divr, 2007 ) .

Undertaking directors are responsible to do certain that it is good defined and its environment has been understood to make coveted terminal. Literature reappraisal indicate that understanding undertaking environment such as national civilization, local Torahs, geographics, political relations and users is of import as these factors may impact a undertaking in its life clip. ( Slack et al. , 2001 ) .

( Gray and Larson, 2007 ) argue that most organisations use undertakings in its operations, although a undertaking size depends on the size of an organisation. If a undertaking is proper managed it contributes to the betterment of operations scheme of an organisation in the undermentioned evidences:

Compaction of the merchandise life rhythm, this is most of import in organisation as it shortens the clip of new merchandise development which increases dependableness of an organisation. Time to market for new merchandise in organisation is really of import, when improved addition organisation ‘s public presentation. Example NIKE a shoe fabrication company has managed good their undertaking which reduced new shoe development clip from nine to six months.

A good undertaking direction can take to better quality products/ services which will take an organisation to planetary competition. Now a yearss clients do non merely demand for inexpensive products/services but besides quality. Quality direction and betterment depend on undertaking. .

If a undertaking is managed within its clip and estimated cost will better the public presentation and low cost operations which can do an organisation to offer its goods and services in low monetary values, which improve operations scheme of organisation.

It improves organisations flexibleness by increasing client focal point. It is critical both to develop customized merchandises as clients want those products/services that cater to their demands, every bit good as edifice relationship with clients which improve operations scheme. For case BMW a auto fabrication company construct autos to specific client orders through undertaking direction every bit good as velocity bringing where bringing day of the month is merely done in five proceedingss, this addition their net income.

It can besides better the velocity of presenting merchandise and services. It is planned within a clip and if will non infest the clip it can be able to present velocity to client hence betterment of operations scheme of an organisation.

Project direction can spread out cognition of organisation which improves invention ; new undertaking is about making new things every clip. It can increase the integrating of engineerings in an organisation which improves public presentations.

Furthermore project direction improves capacity of an organisation by doing certain that the capacity is in general base degree where demand and supply lucifer. If the capacity is high than demand, undertaking can downsize it while if is low undertaking direction can better it to reflect the of import of operations public presentation aims. ( See figure 3 at appendix ) .

2.4 RISK MANAGEMENT.

A construct of hazard direction in an organisation is of import to be understood non merely by directors but besides by employees. The possibility of unwanted event go oning with negative impacts is known as hazard. Risk direction is a general direction map which identifies, analyze and control hazard which affects an organisation public presentation. This procedure should be uninterrupted within organisation to turn to all hazards and need to be developed ( Dickson cited by Khan and Burnes, 2007 ) . It is associated with procedures which differ depending on hazard direction system of an organisation. ( White, 1995 ) puts forward three phases of hazard direction in an organisation. ( See figure 4 at appendix ) .

First is to place hazard. The purpose is to find general hazard factors which are likely to go on in operations. It includes placing possible causes of failure illustration supply, human, organisation, engineering, client and environmental break.

Second is to analyse the hazard, where an organisation understands the chance and extent of the most important hazards.

Last is risk rating, which is done to make up one’s mind on the suited direction reply for each risk/combination of hazards, and which side most appropriate to pull off for all the identified hazards.

Literature reappraisal argue that if an organisation manage good its operational hazard there is an grounds of positive impacts while failure to pull off bring negative effects ( Hendricks and Singhal,2005 ) .The positive effects of proper hazard direction is the betterment of organisations operations scheme as discussed below:

It improve quality of goods/services as it cut down failure and mistakes in operations where by merchandises are produced without harm, this improve operations scheme

If hazards are managed decently within a undertaking the clip estimated for the merchandise to the market will be as promised which increase dependableness hence better operations scheme.

Speed of bringing will besides be improved as there will be no holds or failure in operations which increase organisation public presentation.

Risk direction addition the repute of the organisation in eyes of their client as everything is done harmonizing to client ‘s demands, which improve competitory advantage.

It decrease operational cost as failures are managed, therefore the undertaking will run in expected clip and estimated cost for case in new merchandise development if hazard is managed good the cost of production will be low every bit good as the monetary value of the terminal merchandises.

Furthermore pull offing hazard can take to greater organisation ‘s flexibleness as it will be easy to bring forth within clip and assortment products/services.

In other side if hazard direction is non done decently can convey failure and erstwhile prostration of an organisation.For case Daiwa instance survey ( see appendix 3 ) the procedure of pull offing hazard was non proper done. Risk-taking maps were non separated from record-keeping and hazard appraisal maps which bring operations failure. The company did non place its hazards as the instance analyze point out that many warning signals about the manner hazard direction was organized at the New York subdivision but chose to believe that local direction has learned its lesson. Furthermore Daiwa ‘s hazard direction did non affect all its employees which its failure in hazard direction menace the company by and large.

Section THREE

2.5 CHALLENGES OF IMPROVING OPERATIONS STRATEGY

There are challenges associate with bettering operations scheme through undertaking and hazard direction, this can be listed as follows ;

In some clip the undertaking estimated clip can non be achieved which may impact dependableness every bit good as flexibleness.

The cost estimated overrun which in bend lead to high cost of operations where organisation base on balls this to their clients through high monetary value of goods/services ( Flyvbjerg et al. , 2004 ) .

It is besides hard for an organisation to avoid hazards in its operations no affair how much attending has been kept in operations, as human being can non 100 per centum reliable in observing failures and mistakes. Strongly this shows that hazard direction is a complicated issue and sometimes can non assist in bettering quality in an organisation.

Recommendation

Company should do certain that it builds strong operations scheme because operations are the beginning of competitory advantage.

Directors and employees should be responsible for hazard direction in organisation

An organisation to concentrate on other ways of bettering operations scheme and doing their operations better than their rivals to be able to fulfill their clients in better ways than others.

2.7 Decision

In visible radiation of the above statements one can reason that the facet of operations scheme is of import to an organisation, it determines the survive of an organisation in this competitory environment every bit good as long term success.Organizations need to develop sound operations public presentation aims which will be guideline to them while developing operations scheme which will be their program to accomplish those aims. Furthermore they need to better their operations scheme which will better the public presentation of single procedures, operations and the whole supply webs. Undertaking and hazard direction can assist an organisation to better its operation scheme although there are challenges associated through the procedure of betterment, it is the occupation of an organisation to do certain that they stick to the betterment made and by every twenty-four hours being advanced and continue with betterment to increase public presentation of its operations.

Further research will be needed in the subject as available research did non associate on how undertaking and hazard can be able to better operations scheme within an organisation. These researches were discoursing each subject individually

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