Proposal Energy Audit: An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy, flows for energy conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output(s). Energy audit identifies opportunities for financial savings by elimination of wasteful use of electricity, coal and fuel oil, without affecting the process or quality of product.
Need for Energy Audit: It has been established that Energy savings of the order of 5 to 20% are possible by optimizing use of Energy with better house keeping, low cost retrofitting measures and use of Energy efficient equipment at the time of replacement, renovation or up gradation. Pakistan Electrical Energy Scenario: Electrical power is indeed the blood supply to the muscles of our industrial and informational societies.
We take the ready availability of electricity for granted as a source of light, propulsion, heat and refrigeration and only seem to notice its importance if it is suddenly unavailable. Our information and telecommunications systems, our transport systems and modern medicine all depend on electricity as an energy source. The economic engine and the wheels of industry, agriculture and business need energy to move forward. On the social aspect, energy consumption per capita is a key indicator of the quality of life of the citizens and community.
Unfortunately in Pakistan, in spite of all claims and rhetoric by all governments, real solutions to meet the energy equirements of the nation have never been formulated or achieved. As a consequence, Pakistan’s economic, industrial and social growth has been greatly constrained. Due to an increasing gap in energy demand versus capacity. The crisis, of course, needs long-term energy generation solutions. But it also needs immediate energy conservation. And one important way of doing this is through Energy audit
HESCO Profile HESCO is a public utility company, providing electricity to the entire Sindh province, except for Karachi and parts of the Thatta district. HESCO was incorporated in 1998 under the Companies Ordinance 1984. My research leads to Energy Audit of particular Industry that comes in Hyderabad Circle of Hesco. Area of Operations of HESCO Hyderabad Circle-I (5 Divisions, 22 Sub-Divisions) Hyderabad Circle-II (4 Divisions, 16 Sub-Divisions) Nawabshah Circle (3 Divisions, 19 Sub-Divisions)
Sukkur Circle (5 Divisions, 22 Sub-Divisions) Larkana Circle (4 Divisions, 20 Sub-Divisions) Dadu (4 Divisions, 12 Sub-Divisions) The purpose of an energy audit is twofold: to control and reduce energy usage and to lower energy costs. Supply and Demand of Electricity in Pakistan Supply and Demand Position: 2008-2020 (MW) 2008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020 Existing Generation15,90315,90315,90315,90315,90315,90315,90315,90315,90315,90315,90315,90315,903 Proposal / Committed
Generation5304,2357,22610,11510,55613,30713,52014,60716,13418,44818,44818,44818,448 Total Existing/Committed Generation16,48420,13823,12926,01826,45929,21029,42330,51032,03734,35134,35134,35134,351 Expected Available Generation13,14616,11018,50320,81421,16723,36823,53824,40825,63027,48127,48127,48127,481 Demand (Summer Peak)16,48417,86819,35220,87422,46024,12625,91928,02930,22335,50434,91837,90741,132 Surplus/Deficit Generation-3,338-1,758-849-60-1,293-758-2,381-3,621-4,593-8,023-7,437-10,426-13,651 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan
This page was last modified on 25 August 2010 at 00:58. The salient features are mentioned below: ?General Energy Saving Potential Areas : Compression / Illumination Loads, De rating of Blowers / Fans, Control Mechanism ?Application of Motor Controllers, Sizing Of Pumps, Usage Of TOD Tariff. ?Percentage Loading Of Motors, Evaluation Of Compressed Air, Refrigeration, Cooling Water Systems, Illumination Levels In Lighting Systems The process of an energy audit consists of collecting and then processing data, specifying changes, and finally producing an action plan.
Reducing energy means decreasing the time the equipment operates. Lights left on in a warehouse area, when no one is around are a waste of light and waste of energy. Turning the lights off when unneeded will save energy. PROCESS OF AN ENERGY AUDIT When and energy auditor visits the facility what should you expect him/her to do? An auditor is there to collect data. It includes energy bills, equipment data, and how the facility and equipment operate. Energy Audit Methodology: The stepwise methodology of energy audit is as given below: Phase- I: Real Data Collection
Phase- II: Data Analysis Phase-III: Recommend Energy Conservation with Cost Effective Phase- I: Real Data Collection The first phase of an energy audit is to obtain the data. It is helpful to have the electric bills available to view before looking at the facility. Each bill can then be matched to its physical meter and the meter to the equipment it serves as the walk-thru is conducted next, data is obtained from the name plates of all the energy using equipment. The volts, amps, phase, and frequency are noted for each piece of equipment. Installed dates are also useful.
Finally, operators are asked how many hours a day and days a week each particular piece of equipment is operated. If lights are supposed to be turned off after work hours but the data shows that they are “on” 24/7, there is an in congruency between plan and fact. It is this first phase where you, the facility manager, can watch the work of the energy auditor to make sure he does not miss any equipment and allocates the equipment to their right meters. Phase-II: Data Analysis The second phase expected of an energy audit is an analysis of the data obtained at the facility.
Here the auditor leaves the facility and returns to his place of business to use his skills and computer programs to analyze the data collected. When he/she has analyzed your existing equipment’s operation, it should match the demand and energy consumption on the electric bills. The analysis should show a breakdown of the percent of demand and energy used by various types of equipment such as air conditioning, heating, lighting, motors, etc. It should bench mark the facility’s energy use index to similar facilities.
Phase-III: Recommend Energy Conservation with Cost Effective The third phase of an energy audit is to recommend energy conservation measures in equipment and operations. This would include replacing inefficient with high efficiency lighting, air conditioning, and motors, adding window tint to south and west facing windows, installing motion sensors, and purchasing there energy saving devices. Each item would have a cost and an annual savings associated with it so as to calculate a payback period and rate of return percent.
They should be graphed to show individual as well as overall values. All this data is then printed and gathered into booklet form for presentation to the facility manager. The facility manager should carefully examine the report with the auditor for accuracy of the input data. Tools of an Energy Audit When an energy auditor comes to your facility, you should ask him/her about their tools of the trade. This is not only to learn what tools might be helpful in checking your energy usage yourself, but to make sure they are prepared to do a thorough audit.
Instrumentation Part of Energy Audit Activity: To carry out energy audit, different measurements are required to carry out which require different instruments for measuring energy usage, energy leakage etc. Some of these instruments are: The basic tools include: (a) Lux meter, (b) digital temperature meter, (c) Power Factor meter, (d) volt/amp/watt meter. More advanced tools would be (a) ultrasonic meter Lux Meter: This meter determines whether fluorescent lights have magnetic or electronic ballasts and record the intensity of light at the work level. i) Thermometer: Used to measure temperature between 50 to 100 F. (ii) Surface pyrometer: It measures the surface temperature. It is useful in assessing the heat losses through walls and for testing steam traps. They come in two ranges i. e. low range (up to 250 0F) and high range (up to 700 0F) Digital Electric Meter: The V/A/W Digital electric meter allows instantaneous electric power measurements to be taken which help determine if equipment is operating as efficiently as designed or is partially loaded. Power Factor Meter:
This meter helps to find power factor of motor and different electrical loads, which is a basic parameter to calculate the usage of electrical energy. Ultrasonic Meter: The ultrasonic meter is able to locate air and steam leaks and determine if motor bearings are functioning properly. The combustion analyzer determines if a boiler or furnace is operating properly. Conclusions: 1. Audit process starts by collecting information about a facility (operations and past record on utility bills of the facility). 2. This collected data is then analyzed to get a picture of energy consumption pattern and ways of energy wastage of facility.
It also helps the energy auditor to learn about areas to be examined in order to reduce energy cost. 3. Specific changes which are called as “energy conservation opportunities” (ECOs) are then identified and evaluated to determine their benefits and their cost effectiveness. 4. These ECOs are assessed in terms of their cost and benefits and an economic comparison is carried out to rank them. 5. Finally, an action plan is prepared where certain ECOs are selected for implementation and actual process of saving energy and money begins.
