Quantity Surveying And Construction Management Construction Essay

The Qatar Construction Industry aims to organize a complete waste direction program make honest with the province maestro program and with a strong emphasis on recycling. The marks are to recycle 38 % of solid waste, up from the current 8 % , and cover domestic waste group at 1.6 kg/day, the Qatar National Development Strategy ( NDS ) 2011-2016 has exposed.

Qatar produces more than seven hundred thousand metric tons of solid waste every one twenty-four hours. Much of it is crowded into landfills, with the developing recycling industry managing merely 8 % of the waste

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At soon 91 % of nondomestic waste is taken in a consecutive line to landfills, and the majority of what is finally recycled is picked through by companies that sift through the waste at the landfills. Qatar will take on an involved scheme to cover the degrees of waste produced by industry and to recycle much more of what waste is produced.

The authorities published a policy text ( QSAS ) in 2010 in order to seek and originate better waste direction activities within the building sector.

This chapter appraises to present the thesis harmonizing the undermentioned subdivisions: background of the research ; the research purpose and aims, outline methodological analysis for the research ; and the construction of the thesis. The intent of this chapter is to research the background of the research set out the scene for inside informations of the thesis, the importance, and farther more continue with an geographic expedition of the research aims and the chapter conclude with an lineation of the aims ; literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and analysis. Its comprise the full chapter which are contain in the thesis and finalise with an account of the thesis construction.

Background

The waste direction has been a long issue concern for the populace, Increasing the Sum of waste by increasing the population bring forthing, therefor continually been a concern that where waste drives or sprits. It is being determined by the most economically executable choice and with little concern for the earth natural environment

The chief importance is in waste escaping. Waste decrease can be defined as “ any technique, procedure or activity which avoids, eliminates or reduces a waste at its beginning, typically within the confines of the production unit ” ( Williams, 2005 ) . Manufacturers must take duty for making long-run green goodss with increased lastingness ( Cooper, 1994 ) . Waste lessening is the chief to cut downing the lifting waste mountain and that is the chief to sustainable waste direction.

In a building site whether you can be as a contractor, subcontractor, site manager or a site member of staff, find that how to cut down, reuse and recycle building wastes is of import. It will non merely profit to salvage money at site, but it besides permits you to pay an of import portion to cut down the building injury that building waste effects to the environment.

Purpose

The purpose of the research is to place and set up sustainability of waste cut down, reuse and recycle the waste in building industry and analysing the existent presentation in the Doha – Katar Construction Industry.

Aim

To place the per centum waste direction pattern within the building industry in relation to barrier/block.

Finding out how does the waste in building been produced

To place the replies why wastes are arise in building site and the solution on it

To place the solutions for incredulous barrier and urge more sustainable methods.

To place the executable reply to get the better of barrier and to rede practical recommendation utilizing best available method on how waste can be achieved progress sustainably.

Identify the solution for work outing the waste cut down, reuse and recycle the waste for a better environment.

OUTLINE RESEARCH METHODOLGY

The Outline of the research methodological analysis is limited to literature reappraisal, informations aggregation and analysis. The involved reappraisal of set up waste direction theory signifier Books, diaries and cyberspace determination. The of import concerns were found on this research to research more and from the research geographic expedition to be used questionnaires to assembled facts.

The explorative questionaries ‘ assemble to enlarge the research in an excellence method. The questionnaires was focused more than 150 organisation within the Doha – Katar Construction Industry and the enquiry was chiefly conducted through the Email and on-line questionnaires

The information which are collected would so be analyzed to derive a decision towards the thesis. More inside informations about the methodological analysis are mentioned in chapter 4 of this thesis.

STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH

The thesis is fundamentally contains three chief parts which are debut, literature reappraisal and analysis of the collected informations through questionnaires. The thesis topic into six chapters, start with the debut of the waste direction, its consisting background to the survey, purpose and aims and the account for set abouting the research. The 2nd chapter comprises the construct of the waste and waste direction. The three chapters comprise the construct of alternate stuffs used in building. The chapter four comprises the research methodological analysis used to data aggregation. The chapter five comprises analysis the questionnaires result effect and treatment of the indispensable find for the research and the concluding chapter six completes the research procedure reappraisal and recommendation.

Summary

The chapter set out to present the through a treatment of background to the research, its purpose and aims, the methodological analysis to be employed and the inside informations of the thesis content. The research chiefly concern to the purpose of the thesis is to research sustainable waste direction in Doha – Katar Construction Industry and research the research aims of the research. As a concluding point, the chapter accomplishes with an history of the thesis construction.

Chapter two

Literature reappraisal

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Introduction

The chapter chiefly consist the basic principal of sustainable waste direction within Doha Qatar Construction Industry. It is chiefly concentrating the alternate stuff recovered and recycled form the building waste every bit good. And reappraisal of the per centum building industry in Doha – Katar.

2. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The Waste direction in building demands planning as it is a necessary part in the beginning of the tendering and in the complete undertaking planning. Construction planning is completed in characteristic, the manner to present the undertaking on period, the quality of the undertaking and within an proper fiscal program. ( Karim. K, 2000 ) A related method wants to be completed for waste direction besides. A waste direction program is a chief part of the path, similar other be aftering rudimentss of the planning development.

By and large in obverse country of the undertaking topographic point will be used as a loading country, by agencies of the stuff which are nearing to the site can be kept at this point and the back portion will be used for storage the waste stuff, which will be kept in non the same hops, and small by small transported on position of the site with a loading truck ( Guthrie and Mallet, 1995 ) .

The whole of labours on site want to be good knowing around the method and techniques that are predictable of them in respects to recycling and recycling green goodss. Definite coloured baskets will cover positive sort of waste. There would be baskets for recycling and rubbish chiefly, every clip the baskets are full, they will be deserted in the filling trucks, and in bends transported off site for farther patterns.

In progress, the plants bring into being, allow easy right to utilize to hive awaying zones to do certain that the stuffs are secure from some harm, and besides allow every individual worker cognize where to discovery the hive awaying zone for the specific sorts of stuffs. It is greatest to stock the stuffs off from waste stuffs.

2. Concept OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

The waste direction is the behavior of waste stuffs. It can be about anything and a primary aim of waste direction today is to protect the populace and the environment from potentially harmful effects of waste. The waste stuff is harmful by merchandise of constructing patterned advance in the building sector and waste direction is an indispensable method of happening and trating waste in order to minimise ( BRE, 2003 ) . One of the largest waste manufacturers is the building industry and the waste is bring forthing 32 dozenss for disposal per twelvemonth [ Over position Construction waste in Doha Qatar, 2007 ] .

3. Recycling AND RECOVERY

The recycling and recovery is the point if the waste can non be re-used. Recycling and recovery merely be carry out when the merchandise no bigger maps or can non be repaired ( Cooper, 1994 ) .

Recycling can be defined as the followerss ;

Collection

Separation

Clean-up

Processing – “ To bring forth the market productiveness ” , Williams ( 2005 )

4. WASTE TREATMENT

The waste to decrease is traveling to landfill. Alternate waste intervention which create a negligible impact on environment as followers ;

Recycling

Composting

Energy from waste

Mechanical Biological Treatment

Pyrolysis

Gasification

Combined pyrolysis-gasification

Anaerobic digestion

Mechanical Heat Treatment. Williams ( 2005 ) .

5. KEY CONCERNS ON CONSTRUCTION WASTE

The Qatar Construction Industry aims to organize a complete waste direction program make honest with the province maestro program and with a strong emphasis on recycling. The purposes are to recycle 38 % of solid waste, up from the current 8 % , and cover domestic waste group at 1.6 kg/day, the Qatar National Development Strategy ( NDS ) 2011-2016 has exposed.

Qatar produces more than seven hundred thousand metric tons of solid waste every individual twenty-four hours. Much of it is crowded into landfills, with the developing recycling industry managing merely 8 % of the waste. The Domestic waste about 30 % and, with nondomestic waste from building industrial accounting for the remainder.

At this clip 91 % of nondomestic waste is taken in a consecutive line to landfills, and the majority of what is finally recycled is picked through by companies that sift through the waste at the landfills. Qatar will take on an involved scheme to cover the degrees of waste produced by industry and to recycle much more of what waste is produced.

Ministry of Department of Environment MoE ( 2022 ) sort that the building and destruction waste into five groups which are following ;

Construction and renovation- wood, roofing, fixtures, wall board, ductwork and piping, insularity stuffs and rug.

Roadwork- asphalt, concrete and Earth filling.

Excavated- Earth, sand and rock.

Constructing demolition- assorted debris, concrete, steel beams and pipes, bricks, lumber, fixture and adjustment wastes.

Site clearance- trees, coppice, Earth and the potency for assorted concrete rubble and sand.

Most of the issues contribute to the building waste coevals on site. Most normally documented beginnings of building waste are design, operational, material handling and procurance. Designated that the considerable sum of building waste on site is straight associated to plan errors.

The building industry is nature ; it is indispensable that relies on good communicating and close intersection for positive undertaking bringing. It is average the practical waste decrease schemes can merely be expressed and implemented when interested party understand the original and grounds of the building waste.

5. DIRECT AND INDIRECT WASTES

Indirect wastes are ever bring forthing from the design phases of the building undertaking. These wastes are able to be forestalling by holding a good waste direction, planning and foresight and as for direct wastes are produce form the building undertaking advancement phases ( Chris, 2009 ) .

5.1 DIRECT WASTES

Substitution of other stuff

Impropriate graduated table of pulling have been produce

Builder mistake such as over-digging in dimension and incorrect puting out

Tax return of work to finish unfinished work.

5.2 INDIRECT WASTES

Transport waste

Site storage

Conversation and cutting waste

Material handling

Lack of direction in building undertaking

Streaming from stuff that are wrongly specified

5. THE WASTE HIERARCHY

The Gulf Cooperation Council – GCC provinces accepted a uninterrupted waste direction strategy and a specialist upkeep fast one for waste devising, aggregation, screening, intervention and disposal. Most of the waste direction credos and programs applied are based on universally recognized scientific method counted in Waste Management Hierarchy as shown on figure 00.

Description: Degree centigrade: UsersirfanDesktop186567195.gif

Figure 00: Waste hierarchy

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Figure 00: Waste hierarchy

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The waste is get awaying in the best perfect pick in the hierarchy. The theory dishonesties within the footing of non doing the waste during the building making.

6. LANDFILLS IN DOHA QATAR

The waste direction located in Mesaieed in Doha Qatar is expected to diminish the waste disposed of in landfill to 3 % to 5 % , in this mode cut downing the portion of entire waste sent to landfill from 92 % to 64 % ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thepeninsulaqatar.com ) .

The proficiency besides will change waste to energy and lift the degree of waste recycling organize 8 % to between 20 % and 25 % . It will be the five transportation places as “ South Doha, West Doha, Industrial country, Dukhan and Al khor ” . Prepared with aggregation sand traps for dividing reclaimable such stuffs as concrete ( sum ) , concrete ( Block ) metal ( steel ) , lumber and, glass are be % instance in points of how companies can make pattern or usage of such stuffs. This will be helped to understate the waste coevals in the Qatar Construction Industry.

At % 91 % of nondomestic waste is taken straight to landfills, and the majority of what is finally recycled is picked through by companies that sift through the waste at the landfills. Qatar will take on a involved scheme to cover the degrees of waste produced by industry and to recycle much more of what waste is produced.

7. Tendency OF WASTE GENERATION IN DOHA QATAR

In December 1997, the Gulf Cooperation Council – GCC states adopted a unvarying waste direction system and an detection instrument for waste production, aggregation, screening, intervention and disposal. Most of the waste direction ordinances and schemes adopted are based on universally accepted scientific attack enumerated in Integrated Waste Management Hierarchy.

186567197

Figure 00: Waste Trend

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8. WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DOHA QATAR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

The Qatar Ministry of Environment – MoE has arranged the fresh criterions for the building and destruction of waste stuff, specifying what are the stuffs are satisfactory for recycling and re-usable in the building industry in Doha Qatar. The new criterion have been arranged with a position to set uping a fresh waste direction endowment, in positive techniques like to the Ministry of Environment ‘s Domestic solid waste direction Centre already in procedure near to Mesaieed Industrial City.

The MoE said that a new installation to organize neat the bing landfills to treat Twenty Thousand metric tons of building waste produced in Doha Qatar Industry. Around 40-50 % of building and destruction waste is re-useable, but at the minute most of it is deposited in landfills.

The following Table 00, 00 are display the agreement of waste produced during the building activities in Doha Qatar.

NO

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS

1 %

10

Chemicals or Paint

1 %

Table 00- Doha Qatar Construction Waste Arrangement

Beginning: Qatar Construction Site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.qc-sites.com/ )

No

Description of Materials

Waste Type

1 %

Table 00- Doha Qatar Construction Waste Arrangement

Beginning: Qatar Construction Site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.qc-sites.com/ )

9. Recovery Option

The Qatar purposes to set up a broad ranging solid waste direction program aligned with the maestro program and with the strong on recycling. Recovery is defined by the QDS in its papers, aid on MWMS as the worth to derive value signifier waste through recycling, other signifier of stuff, or recovery of energy and compositing. The Doha Qatar mark to recycle 38 per centum of solid waste, up from the per centum 8 % , and incorporate domestic waste group 1.6kg/ twenty-four hours, the Qatar National Development Strategy – QDS 2001 to 2006 has revealed ( QDS 2009 ) . Therefor gives value to blow, and efforts to make a state of affairs where the landfill of waste, becomes an economically un-viable disposal path ( Waite 1995 ) .

10. RECOVERIES AND ENERGY FROM WASTE

The recovery from waste as chiseled within the Waste Strategy is to accomplish done of the followerss. The statutory recovery marks as set by the Doha Qatar Ministry of Environment ( MoE ) are ;

Composting

Recycling

Energy Recovery

Other signifiers of Materials Recovery

Beginning: QSAS

11. WHAT IS Sustainable Construction

Sustainable building is run intoing environmental and societal responsibilities, and same while successful effectivity. The of import characteristics of sustainable building are similar to those set for sustainable development. The terminal consequence is to diminish a house ‘s damaging things on the environment. Sustainable building is normally used to depict the application of sustainable development to the building industry, and balances 4 elements are following ;

Effective protection title of the environment

Prudent usage of natural resources

Social growing which recognizes the wants of everyone

Care of high and stable degrees of economic growing and employment ( CIRIA1, 2001 ) .

The industry is distinguishable by a figure of subdivisions, all who plan, design, construct, alter or keep the reinforced environment. Besides its subordinates, those who doing stuffs, providers, and terminal of life residents or proprietors. The full life rhythm of any construction, from initial construct to demolition must be encompassed in the significance of sustainable building. Buildings and constructions alteration the face of towns and countryside, and their building, usage, fix, care, and destruction consume huge sums of energy and resources compared to many other industrial sectors, ( DETR, 2000 ) .

13. WHAT THE Construction INDUSTRY CAN PREPARE

There is the first measure in traveling to sustainable development ; it is acknowledging the strategic benefits of concern environmental direction can transport and to guarantee that committedness to the environmental development exists in company ( Welford1, 1998 ) . In concern, the construct of sustainability besides embraces the three subjects of the environment, economic system and society. Bring conversion to sustainable building, single houses must grok and have the lay waste toing things their activities are holding upon the environment, and the position of operating in an environmentally friendly mode.

They will so hold to perpetrate to non merely O.K.ing to modification how they function, but truly put up a pro-active lineation for all employees, providers, and sub-contractors to adhere to. Sustainable concerns that show societal corporate duty net income financially through more efficient actions and usage of resources expand their corporate image ; and keep a modest advantage, ( MaSC, BRE, 2005 ) .

There are a figure of stairss houses can take towards sustainable building, as identified by CIRIA, ( 2000 ) .

Make a committedness to turn to their influences

Aim to be the finest and standard their public presentation

Life rhythm costs of merchandises and their impacts

Communicate with stakeholders with environmental and societal studies

Work with others in the supply concatenation to increase the act

Develop staff consciousness through preparation

14. Net incomes OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

The 10 subjects for action discussed above merely do good industry intelligence, e.g. planing a undertaking for minimum waste ( DTI1, 2003 ) .

14.1 ENVIRONMENTAL

Sustainable act can present important concern efficiency & A ; success.

Thin building and pollution disincentive can make the calculable cost nest eggs.

Recycling farther waste stuff will minimise landfill revenue enhancement and stuff buying costs.

Improve competency through regulative obeisance

Improve populace and enhanced peculiar standing.

Evasion of pollution events, debaring punishments, jurisprudence tribunal operating expenses and bad public dealingss.

14.2 SOCIAL

Bettering cogent evidence of end product betterments for staff complicate in environmental and societal presentation betterment commissariats.

Get downing a societal point of view, fiscal AIDSs rise from better personal businesss with the clients, local groups and other patrons.

Well wellness and safety performs to develop competency and minimize accidents, salvaging both managerial clip and legal costs and mulcts.

14.3 ECONOMICAL

There are important opportunities available to better or stand market place Point.

Making and concern Behaviors will non be forced by local resistance, regulative organic structures or client necessities.

Bettering undertaking supply is indispensable to build trust with the clients, better success and advantage.

Inspire common, favourable long term dealingss with the clients.

Beginning: CIRIA1, 2001

15 THE TEN THEMES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

The indispensable to develop public presentation in the building industry is necessary for it to go more sustainable. Pull offing and diminishing the environmental influences of edifices and constructions, and the methods of building, is a common get downing for many administrations wishing to turn to sustainability ( DETR1, 2000 ) .

Re- usage bing built assets, and restitute which develops their sustainability, where probably.

Design for minimal waste. Design out waste at all phases of merchandise, edifice or construction, think about utilizing recycled stuffs.

Aim for thin building, working on uninterrupted betterment and high quality work.

Decrease energy in building ; be cognizant of energy ingestion during building.

Decrease energy in usage, see more energy efficient solutions in the design phase.

Do non foul, understand environmental impacts and follow an EMS or ISO to pull off.

Preserve and enhance biodiversity throughout the building procedure, from extraction of stuffs to landscaping edifices.

Conserve H2O resources, design for H2O efficiency in edifices.

Respect people and their local environment, be antiphonal to community and see your work force.

Set Targets to mensurate and compare your public presentation against others, set marks for Continuous betterment.

( DETR1,2000 & A ; DTI1, 2003 )

16. CONCLUSIONS

The Chapter is by and large specifying to set up recommendation for Sustainable Waste Management in Doha Qatar Construction industry. The chapter will reexamine the research aim of the thesis ; the chapter will so come to an terminal with an probe of suited recommendation of sing Sustainable waste direction system in Doha Qatar building industry.

Chapter three

Alternate stuffs for building

Chapter THREE

Alternate MATERIALS USR FOR CONSTRUCTION

1. Introduction

Maximum of the waste will be produced from the building industry and the beginning of the waste is produced must be known at the early phase as it will enlargement good consequence in waste direction development. The stuffs identical like concrete ( sum ) , concrete ( Block ) metal ( steel ) , lumber and glass.

2. CONCRETE ( AGGREGATE )

Each measure of concrete waste that is recycled for sum in fresh concrete would protect about a measure of cardinal sum that comes from the countryside or dredged from the seas. Recycling concrete supports money, and has farther environmental AIDSs.

2.1 THE KEY REASONS OF THE WASTE OF CONCRETE ON THIS SITE COMPRISE

Unexpected alterations on design

Improper proportions of sum, H2O and cement

Buying excessively much

Over pouring

Pumping waste

Incorrect usage of stuff

2.2 METHODS IN WHICH TO RECYCLE CONCRETE

Recycle the concrete and utilize it as sum for other local site as new concrete ; it will protects/save the sum and waste disposal charges.

The Recycle concrete waste as sub base in roads or fill-in plants.

The remnant sum can be transported off the site, by the loading vehicles every bit shortly as the endorsed amount has been used on site.

concrete-disposal

Figure 0: Concrete Waste ( Aggregate )

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3. CONCRETE ( BLOCK )

Approximately 6 % to 28 % of concrete blocks consequences in waste in building ( QCS. 2007 ) .

3.1 THE CHIEF BASES OF THE WASTE OF CONCRETE BLOCKS COMPRISE

Unexpected alterations on design

Over buying the measure

Incorrect behavior of the blocks and stacking

The agreement of the concrete walls and the columns

3.2 METHODS IN WHICH TO RECYCLE CONCRETE BLOCKS COMPRISE

Practice greater pieces for eroding control

Castoff as a replacement for landscaping rock

Castoff as new sum for other sites

Castoff as sub base on new roads

3.3 RECYCLING CONCRETE WASTE

Initially, when the concrete waste has been elated from the baskets on site to the lading trucks to be extra elated off-site, we need to detect, waste of concrete can be used for it, Then extinguish whatever within the concrete that could pollute the concrete, ( CIRIA, 1995 ) and so oppress the concrete with a nomadic crusher to the size of sum, if need be. Then store the crushed concrete in a separate country, so no other stuffs are dumped at that place. Then utilize it for other demands.

Construction Waste Recycling

Figure 00: Concrete Waste ( Block )

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4. REUSE OF METAL ( STEEL ) RECOVERED FORM WASTE

“ Steel is an ideal stuff to recycle. In fact 30 % of all steel merchandises in building are now made from recycled steel ” ( Guthrie, P M, 1997 ) and the steel waste in building it is able to recycle up to an about 90 % of the sum ( Karim. K, 2000 ) .

4.1 CAUSES FOR METAL WASTE

Over-ordering

Faulty craft

Incorrect handling

Improper type of metal

Scope of cut-offs on site

Approach of workers

4.2 REDUCE Metallic elements

The greatest method to diminish any metal waste is to order a “ made to mensurate ” saloon from the maker, it would be set for usage and will non essential any ornament or bending.

4.3 RE-USE OF METALS

Principal is to look into the chances on site, and if it is non, you might stock the stuffs someplace else, for it to be used another clip. When hive awaying the metal, it is necessary to divide it from other metals. Loading trucks are wanted to transporting the metal waste off-site.

4.4 Recycling Metallic elements

The greatest method to recycle metal is to switch scrap metal by the measure to local salvage operators, the monetary value of metal differs harmonizing to the assortment. Materials indistinguishable like aluminium will be more valued than say ferric metals. The metal waste that is made on site, will so be disposed of in the harmonizing basket, and extra later dumped into the burden trucks for it to be used someplace else.

1641988-91588-james-hardy-altopress-maxppp-construction-waste-rebar-from-reinforced-concrete

Figure 00: Metallic element Waste ( Steel )

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5. Lumber

The lumber creative activity waste can come in assorted methods, from palettes which other goods were shipped with, engineered lumber and treated lumber. Wood wastage typically happens in residential building industry and redevelopment plants behaviors as the chief green goods. This is faced to concrete waste, which is more frequently produced in commercial sites affecting destruction. Other factors such as the geographical location of the site and the framing methods used consequence the sum of lumber waste made.

5.1 REDUCE TIMBER

The method to diminish the lumber waste is best that those who are comprise to timber work are proper train with carpentering accomplishment to manage for minimum the off cut or wrong cut of the measuring. All lumber are wanted to hive away in dry country due to H2O wet will damage the lumber.

5.2 RE-USE OF TIMBER

Most of the lumber that are non wholly loss are to cut and hive away for progress usage in storage or un-nailing all other lumber after usage and travel them for more usage if are refillable.

5.3 RECYCLING Lumber

Chipped timber, away cut and harm lumber are to dump in selected bin and conveyance to local lumber recycles operators to make recycled ply wood or other timber stuff.

Construction Waste: Construction wood waste texture.Many thanks to H. Walfridsson and co-workers at RGS90 for giving me entree to the disposal area.Link to my other waste exposures: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sxc.hu/browse. ..

Figure 00: Timber Waste

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6. Glass

Effectss of Glass Waste

Over ordering/purchasing

Lowly Handling of the Glass

Accidents incorporating smashing or breakage of glass

Poor transit managing

Faulty craft

Incorrect storage

Recycling GLASS

After the glass has been elated from on-site to the burden and so off-site, the glass waste used on site is crushed, the cullet is normally assorted with new glass in order to make new goods. The glass is transported to the furnace, it is so heated and melted at about 1500A°C, which are so molded and complete into other signifiers. Glass can be recycled 1000000s of times over. ( Wikipedia, 2010 )

3.5 Summary

Use of stuffs such as cured and recycled stuff from building and destruction of waste, more research should be carried out in order to retrieve and recycle more waste types from building the waste.

Chapter four

Research methodological analysis

Chapter FOUR

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Introduction

This chapter will besides include the method of the thesis was conducted and the ground why it has been conducted under a positive manner. The principal used in the purpose of the methodological analysis and questionnaires study will be discussed what the each inquiries in the inquirer seeking to sort. It besides comprises information on how data aggregation has been used on this thesis.

VARIETY OF RESEARCH METHODS

There are assorted methods or technique can be carried out the research. On the other manus when we consider the information aggregation method there are ab initio 2 methods are available which are good known Quantitative and Qualitative methods. The manner depends on the research are and incident of which the research is done.

2.1. QUANTITATIVE Method

The point of Quantitative method consideration of the size and magnitude and perceived as being more analytical as good. This will be incorporating the structured interviews, surveyors, symbolic theoretical accounts and physical experiment besides ( Dr. Holt 1988 ) . The ultimate end of Quantitative research, as stated by Miller and Brewer ( 2003:193 ) is to happen as promenade a set of variable as possible which explain every bit much as possible.

The aim of this method is to be verified the theory and it non to do a new advancement. In attending for by utilizing the base theory and roll uping information related to it utilizing as construction work to the research

2.2. QUALITATIVE Method

The Qualitative method is done by utilizing subjective methods really frequently based on personal sentiment perceptual experience. This is directed by making observation, sentiment, amorphous interview and unfastened inquiry studies ( Dr. Holt 1988 ) . The method typically includes “ in depth probe of phenomena through such agencies as participant observation, interviewing, other documental analysis or ethnographic survey ” ( Regin 1004:91 ) . The grounds that is collected under this method is classified in to 2 units which are expletory research and attitudinal research ( Dr. SG Naoum 2007 ) .

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE METHOD

Description

Method

Quantitative

Qualitative

Function

Detailss find bases on the cogent evidence or records

Based on sentiments, viewing audiences and perceptual experiences

Connection between research worker and capable

Distant

Near

Scope of finds

Nomothetic

Idiographic

Connection between theory/concept and research

Trying or Validation

Development

Nature of informations

Hard and dependable

Rich and deep

Table 00 – Quantitative and Qualitative Method

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

The research aims are consisting, chapter two review the sustainable waste direction, chapter three method of waste direction, the research electronic mail and online questionnaires study has been conducted in Doha – Katar building industry. The research purpose to analyze the study of sustainable waste direction in Doha – Katar building industry.

COMMON DATA COLLECTION METHOD

There are three method of informations aggregation available as following Table 00

Data aggregation Method

Desk top survey

Questionnaires

It can be look into what is sustainable waste direction, recycling work, advantage and disadvantage of selected company. This can be search library & amp ; Journal articles on the cyberspace

It sent to Quantity Surveying houses in add-on to obtain current waste schemes information. The manner was selected because of speedy and inexpensive to administrate than carry oning interview from every authorization ( Bayman, 2004 )

Table 00 – Method of informations aggregation

THE METHOD USED ON THIS DISSERTATION

The questionnaires study was more utile in this research. On the other manus, electronic mails and on-line questionnaires study were preferred and the questionnaires result which will be describe by the undermentioned information analysis chapter.

Questionnaire

The questionnaires were used to roll up some informations which is associated to this thesis. The format of the questionnaire which was sent to the campaigners is attached with the appendix. The portion of the inquiry comprises 12 inquiries. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.esurveyspro.com/Survey.aspx? id=5c9b324e-0b8b-4f81-a8e8-638fa6d7a252 ) .

DATA ANALYSIS

Once the information has been collected, the information was analyzed based on the questionnaires. The response was evaluated with the MS Excel as followers ;

The responses was estimated

The inquiry was evaluated with the per centum in an single format

Finally the graph was created based on the above noted information

The informations collected signifier the questionnaires was more utile to understand the issues for the Sustainable Waste Management in the Doha – Katar building industry.

Interviews

Interviews were done in order to acquire a better apprehension of line of work waste recycling aggregations and how they are set up. Interviewees were chosen founded on the done questionnaire, their understanding to take parting in an interview, and the notes they had prepared. A scope of interviewees were chosen numbering certain of with trade waste recycling and aggregations. The unwritten interviews are the figure one system for this sort of survey as it allows for hypertrophied assignment of the interviewee ( Holbrook et al, 2003 ) , and allows for responses to facial looks such as bewilderment ( Bryman, 2004 ) . Afore each interview, a communicating account what the interview would consist, and appropriate day of the months was mailed to the designated suspects. Succeeding this, the phone call was prepared harmonizing to place an interview, if the suspect had non responded to the correspondence by now. Subsequent to the interview a common interview music director was made harmonizing to let for a semi-structured interview ( Bryman, 2004 ) . The choice in the appliers ‘ patterns meant that for each interview the usher had to be adapted. The inquiries on the usher were non surely requested in the peculiar direction, and permitted the interviewee to reply in their ain words ( Bryman, 2004 ) .

Decision

The survey of the Dissertation topic in Sustainable Waste Management in Doha – Katar building industry. Where the simple rules of the survey portion were known through the literature and research were carried out to explicate. The literature reappraisal was chiefly to sort the worlds that are associated to the capable portion. The electronic mail and online questionnaires study attacks were used in this research. It was existent easy and effectual method to carry on the questionnaires studies.

Chapter five

Analysis the questionaries

Chapter FIVE

ANALYSIS THE QUESTIONNAIRES

1. Introduction

The chapter will depict the questionnaires analysis to detect the success of waste and happening the blocks of sustainable waste direction in Doha – Katar building industry. The questionnaires analysis conducted within the Doha – Qatar building companies.

2. QUESTIONNAIRES ANALYSIS

The questionnaires are made up of 12 inquiries ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.esurveyspro.com/Survey.aspx? id=5c9b324e-0b8b-4f81-a8e8-638fa6d7a252 ) . The taking 3 inquiries are common and the go oning ( nine inquiries ) inquiries are based on the research focal point. Sing the above mentioned 12 questionnaires, I have send more than two hundred ( 150 ) questionnaires to the Doha – Katar ‘s Construction Companies through the mail and online questionnaires study. Harmonizing to my petition, I have received merely 9 response from varies organisations. For the ground that the companies was busy at that blink of an eye. ( Mention the affiliated appendix AA )

QUESTION – 01

No

Description of Organization

Responses ( Nos )

Responses ( % )

Contractor

22.222 %

Adviser

77.777 %

Interior designers

–

0.00 %

Others

–

0.00 %

Entire

100.00 %

Table 00 – Demonstrate what is the organisation and Reply

Figure 00 – Demonstrate what is the organisation

Sing the consideration of above chart, the interior decorators, others have been responded as 0 % and the adviser house has been responded as 77.777 % , the remainder of 22.222 have been responded by the contractor. Harmonizing to the above statement, it is clearly stated that the contractor and adviser are largely affecting with the current building in Doha – Katar.

QUESTION – 02

No

Description of Profession

Responses ( Nos )

Responses ( % )

Project Director

33.333 %

Engineer

44.444 %

Quantity Surveyor

22.222 %

Others

–

0.00 %

Entire

100.00 %

Table 00 – Demonstrate what is the profession and Reply

Figure 00 – Demonstrate what is the profession

Sing the consideration of above chart, the others has been responded as 0 % and the Project Directors or Undertaking Directors have been responded as 33.333 % , the Engineers have been responded as 44.444 % and the remainder of 22.222 have been responded by the Quantity Surveyors. Harmonizing to the above statement, it is clearly stated that the Engineers are largely affecting with the current building activities in Doha – Katar.

QUESTION – 03

No

Description of Experience

Responses ( Nos )

Responses ( % )

01 – 10 Old ages

22.222 %

11 – 20 Old ages

44.444 %

21 – 30 Old ages

22.222 %

& gt ; 30 Old ages

11.111 %

Entire

100.00 %

Table 00 – Show the experience and Reply

Figure 00 – Show the experience

Sing the consideration of above chart, between 1 to 10 old ages ‘ experience have been responded as 22.222 % , between 11 to 20 old ages ‘ experience have been responded as 44.444 % , between 21 to 30 old ages ‘ experience have been responded as 22.222 % and the remainder of 11.111 % have been responded by above 30 old ages ‘ experience. Harmonizing to the above statement, the % record of the best Doha – Katar Companies hired between 11 – 20 old ages ‘ experience people in related to the field.

QUESTION – 04

No

Description of Waste Estimate

Responses ( Nos )

Responses ( % )

00 – 10 %

66.666 %

10 – 30 %

33.333 %

30 – 50 %

–

00.00 %

& gt ; 50 %

–

00.00 %

Entire

100.00 %

Table 00 – Demonstrate waste estimation for the old undertaking and Answer

Figure 00 – Demonstrate waste estimation for the old undertaking

Sing the consideration of above chart, between 0 to 10 % have been responded as 66.666 % waste, between 10 to 30 % have been responded as 33.333 % waste and between 21 to 50 % and above 50 % have been responded as 0.00 % waste. So, Harmonizing to the above statement, the % record of the Doha – Katar Companies are tried to cut down the waste during the building works.

QUESTION – 05

No

Description of Response

Responses ( Nos )

Responses ( % )

Yes

77.777 %

22.222 %

Entire

100.00 %

Table 01 – Demonstrate waste neutrality on the building undertaking and Answer

Figure 00 – Demonstrate waste neutrality on the building undertaking

Sing the consideration of above chart, the most of the Doha – Katar Companies have been responded as ‘Yes ‘ ( 77.777 % ) and the remainder of the companies have been responded as ‘No ‘ ( 22.222 % ) . So, Harmonizing to the above statement, it is clearly stated that utmost the Doha – Katar companies are non confident about the waste neutrality on the building undertaking by Following twelvemonth.

QUESTION – 06

No

Description of Response

Responses ( Nos )

Responses ( % )

Yes

100.00 %

–

00.00 %

May be

–

00.00 %

Entire

100.00 %

Table 00 – Demonstrate Important for sustainability waste direction and Answer

Figure 01 – Demonstrate Important for sustainability waste direction

Sing the consideration of above chart, the Doha – Qatar Construction Companies have been responded as ‘Yes ‘ ( 100.00 % ) and 0.00 % has been responded as ‘No ‘ and ‘May be ‘ . Harmonizing to the above statement, all the companies have been responded positively as Sustainable waste direction is of import to the bottleneck workss.

QUESTION – 07

No

Description of Response

Responses ( Nos )

Responses ( % )

Most Important

11.111 %

Important

66.666 %

Not Important

22.222 %

Entire

100.00 %

Table 00 – Demonstrate SWM is of import of manage well on undertaking and Answer

Figure 00 – Demonstrate SWM is of import of manage well on undertaking

Sing the consideration of above chart, the Most Important have been responded as 11.111 % , Important have been responded as 66.666 % , and the remainder of 22.222 have been responded by Not Important. Harmonizing to the above statement, most of the Doha – Qatar building companies are saying that the waste direction is cardinal to pull off H2O efficaciously on building undertaking so that the cost deduction ( cost salvaging ) to the client.

QUESTION – 08

No

Description of Waste

Responses ( Nos )

Responses ( % )

Material Storage

33.333 %

Craft

33.333 %

In surplus of stuff ordination

Responses ( % )

Other ( Specify ) – 1

100 %

Other ( Specify ) – 2

83.33 %

Other ( Specify ) – 3

66.66 %

Table 00 – Demonstrate Issues for the block of waste direction and Answer

Figure 00 – Demonstrate Issues for the block of waste direction

Sing the consideration of above chart, 100.00 % have responded at least one, 83.33 % have responded by 2 replies, 66.66 % % have responded by all three replies. In soon Doha Qatar building industries aspect so many barriers for the sustainable waste direction.

QUESTION – 12

No

Description of Waste

Responses ( Nos )

Responses ( % )

Other ( Specify ) – 1

100 %

Other ( Specify ) – 2

83.33 %

Other ( Specify ) – 3

66.66 %

Table 00 – Demonstrate best reply for the waste blocks and Reply

Figure 00 – Demonstrate best reply for the waste blocks

Sing the consideration of above chart, 100.00 % have responded at least one, 83.33 % have responded by 2 replies, 66.66 % % have responded by all three replies. There are some best replies available to get the better of these barriers.

In Doha Qatar some of the building companies are holding formal waste direction system but all the Doha Qatar building companies are practising the waste direction for the period of their building periods.

The respondent/replay states sustainable waste direction is respectable and valuable for the building. The most of replies province this sustainable waste direction is diminish the budget for the waste and, besides sustainable waste direction is most suited for high value Constructions.

3. Summary

The chapter proposed to specify the fact-finding questionnaires study consequences and the questionnaires was established form the informations aggregation from the Doha – Qatar Construction Industries. In add-on to happen the success of waste direction and issues which are blocks apply to sustainable. The undermentioned chapter will traveling to make the decision and recommendation for the research.

Chapter six

Decision and recommendation

Chapter SIX

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Introduction

The chapter set out to happening and makes recommendation for the sustainable waste direction in Doha – Katar building industry and it will be revived the research aims of the thesis and will go on with the recommendation for the sustainable waste direction system in Doha-Qatar building Industry.

Decision

The information was done harmonizing to the procedure of Data Collection through the expletory Questionnaires and accounts of the consequences. It was besides the intent of the research to offer blessing and thoughts. The 1 ( 1 ) aim was to mention literature associated to the research. The Tow ( 2 ) , Three ( 3 ) and Four ( 4 ) aims were fulfilled, for the ground that literature and Questionnaires, sufficient questionnaires to bespeak and received replies of effectiveness/helpfulness of the waste direction and blocks put on to sustainable.

Use the alternate stuffs for case recover and recycle stuffs for the Demolition and Contraction waste and the municipality solid waste may possibly to be an another manner to near the overall hard or job of waste by the sectors. And such stuffs as concrete ( sum ) , concrete ( Block ) metal ( steel ) , lumber and, glass are be % instance in points of how companies can make pattern or usage of such stuffs. Certain types of engineering or methods are still developing and the necessity. Developing market to advance such as stuffs by the building sectors in Doha – Katar. Additional research has a responsibility to be carried out in order to retrieve and recycle excess waste type from Demolition and Construction waste.

Recommendation

Most of the building industry waste % ly drives into landfills, turning the weight on landfill lading and procedure. Waste bar is even more helpful than recycling. Behaviors that prevent waste industry, recycling edifice stuffs, non merely cut refuse and recycling assemblage costs but besides decreases stuffs outgos. Minor fluctuations to constructing perform and extra attention to detail can add up to important nest eggs to the manufacturer, homebuyer and the environment.

3.1 SOLUTIONS WANTED IN ORDER TO DECREASE THE WASTE

3.2 SOLUTIONS FOR CONCRETE ON CONSTRUCTION SITES

form certain occasions to any extra concrete on site is used for other utilizations, that will necessitate to planning and get down up to assist complete definite methods to re-use the extra concrete.

Use sand or issue representatives to pour pump waste back for recycling

Some extra autocratic mulcts for workers who are wrongly manage the stuff and hence create waste, which will be assisting to add the force per unit area to manage the stuffs with more certain attending, so that the sum of work is at the suited values.

Confirm the formwork status, so that there wo n’t be a warp, pouching or attempts.

Decrease the trouble of the design in an early phase of the building

Decrease the sum of alterations for the period of building

Make some preparation and motive to the workers.

3.3 RESULTS FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS ON CONSTRUCTION SITES

Correct wrapper is required in order to halt splintering and snap at junctions and borders on concrete

The blocks should non be loaded excessively much from top to bottom or else they are at hazard of falling and perchance destructive the stuff or go a danger to employee or personal in the building sites.

The blocks has to be put in storage on level sides to diminish as many hazards for extra outgos

Reuse off cuts in country might able to pattern.

Try to hedge surplus of ordering/purchasing and order within the clip divinely of construction.

Decrease of design alterations during the building phase.

Duty of attending, and quality should be developed in the center of workers

Storing topographic points has to be designated in order to degrees the waste

3.4 RESULTS FOR METALS ON CONSTRUCTION SITES

Try to hedge in surplus of ordering/purchasing and order within the clip divinely of construction.

Re-use bit metals. e.g. certain probationary work are required in building

The bead of design alterations during the building phase.

Decrease the trouble of the design in an early phase ( design hart ) .

Storing places has to be ready in order to degrees the waste

To be confirmed the metal is corrosion resistant.

3.5 RESULTS FOR GLASS ON CONSTRUCTION SITE

Try to get away in surplus of telling and order within the clip of divinely construction.

Put on the anti-scratch stuff for spectacless to halt defect stuff at site.

The greatest method to diminish any glass of waste is to order a “ prepared to mensurate ” from the builder, so that it wo n’t be any trimming or cut

3.6 WAY OUT FOR TIMBER ON SITE

The timber barricading on degree at the shop and screen to degrees the waste ( e.g. distortion, falsifying )

The pronounced and chosen portion, timber and plyboard component board cut-offs that can be used as fire blocking, parts in heading building and in other methods as followers ;

Alert readying to do certain aggregation and ordination of best economical sizes.

Protect from wastrel to hive away under shelter.

Partss and spots of lumber that are reclaimable are needed to cut and un-nailing for farther work.

Formwork should be designed to cut down the incidence of cutting.

Alert readying to recycle.

Careful denudation and motion of formwork to acquire the most out of the figure of usage before being discarded

Prevent utilizing timber formwork and promote to utilize metal or plastic formwork due to more lasting and able to recycle in future building undertaking.

3.7 WAY OUT FOR THE EXCAVATED MATERIAL

Limited Excavate

Use extra stuff at the same or any other site for grading ( e.g. landscape )

Keeping of surface soil has to be done providentially to avoid pollution.

Summary

The chapter concludes the thesis and makes recommendation for the farther research. And the chapter one time include with the debut, background, purpose, aims, outline research methodological analysis and construction of the research, the chapter two includes with reappraisal of literature, the chapter three continue with the alternate stuffs used in building industry, chapter four describe the methodological analysis of the research, chapter five explore the questionnaires and the chapter six conclude the research decision and recommendation