| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heterozygous (hybrid) | has both dominant and recessive allele. ALWAYS has DOMINATE phenotype. |
| homozygous (purebred) | same alleles (dominant or recessive). ex. RR or rr |
| dominant allele | capital (big) allele represents dominant trait. |
| recessive allele | lowercase (small) allele represents recessive trait. hides if dominant allele is present. |
| Base pair rules of DNA sequencing | Cytosine (c) goes with Guanine (g). Adenine (a) goes with Thymine (T). |
| Base pair rules of RNA | Cytosine (c) goes with Guanine (g). Adenine (a) goes with Uracil (u). NO THYMINE! |
| What controls the production of proteins? | genes control the production of proteins. |
| genotypes | letter combination of the alleles. for example, BB, Bb, or bb |
| phenotypes | the form of the trait that an organism displays or looks like. for example, tall or short, purple or white, smooth or wrinkled. |
| shape of DNA molecule | double helix |
| punnet square | a tool used to show all the possible gene combinations from both parents. |
| What is a trait? | a characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring. |
| Who is the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| What makes up the proteins in our cells? | 20 amino acids |
| What two molecules make up the sides of the DNA ladder? | sugar and phosphate |
| How many alleles do each sex cells give? | 1 (from both female and male) |
| What is the study of genetics? | Heredity |
| Which pair of chromosomes make a male offspring? | xy |
| Which parent's genes decides if a human baby will be boy or girl? | Father because he can give xy. Mother can only give xx. |
