| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Hot mean? | Higher Temperature |
| What does cold mean? | Lower Temperature |
| What is "matter" made up of? | Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. |
| Do particles always move? | Yes particles are always moving. When they are hot they move fast. When it is cold they move slow. |
| The energy of motion is called? | Kinetic Energy. Therefore, moving particles of matter have Kinetic Energy. The faster particles move the more Kinetic Energy they have. |
| Temperature is a measure of? | Kinetic Energy of the particles of an object. |
| Do particles move fast or slow in hot coffee? | Fast, so it has a higher temperature |
| Do particles move fast or slow in an ice cube? | Slow, so it has a lower temperature |
| What are the 3 temperature scales? | (1) Fahrenheit Scale, F. Used in America (2) Celsius Scale, C Used in most parts of the world except America (3) Kelvin Scale, K Used in Science for measurements. |
| What Temperature does water freeze at for each scale, F, C, K? | 32 Fahrenheit, 0 Celsius, 273 Kelvin |
| What Temperature does water boil at for each scale? F, C, K? | 212 Fahrenheit, 100 Celsius, 373 Kelvin |
| What temperature is absolute zero? | -460 Fahrenheit, -273 Celsius and Zero Kelvin, |
| What is thermal energy? | The total energy of all of the particles in a substance is called thermal energy. |
| Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles. | |
| Name three common temperature scales? | F, C, K |
| Are thermal energy and temperature the same? | Thermal energy is the total energy of all particles. Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy. |
| How is the motion of the particles within a substance related to the thermal energy of the object? | The faster particles move the hotter the temperature is. |
| What is Heat? | Heat is thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object. |
| What are the 3 ways heat is transferred? Hint: Cond, Conv, Radi | Conduction, Convection, Radiation |
| What is Conduction? | Conduction is when heat is transferred from one particle to another without the move of matter itself. A pot of water on a stove. The stove heats up and then heat up the pot, then heats up the water. |
| What is Convection? | Convection is the movement that transfer heat within a boil pot of water. The water moves as it heats up and boils |
| What is Radiation? | Radiation is the transfer of energy through the air. The sun on your face. |
| Heat moves one way | Heats moves from hot objects to cooler objects. |
| What is a conductor? Not the one on a trainer. | A conductor is an object that transfers heat or cold very well. It conducts heat. Hot soup. Cold tile floor. |
| What is an Insulator? | It protects you form the heat or cold. Animals have feathers or fur. |
| What is specific heat? | Specific heat is the amount of energy required to raise 1 kilogram of material by 1 degree. |
| Water is the specific of water? | 4,180 joules. Water can absorb a great amount of heat. Swimming pool warms up. |
| Three stages of matter are? | Solids, Liquids, Gases |
| What is a change of state? | When there is a physical change from one state to another state. Ice melting into water. |
| Matter will change form one state to another if thermal energy is absorbed or released. | Matter will change form one state to another if thermal energy is absorbed or released. |
| When ice (solid) melts into water(liquid), what is this called? | Melting. When an object changes from a solid to a liquid. |
| What is melting point? | Melting point is the temperature that a solid changes to a liquid. |
| What are the change of states: Solid, Melting, Liquid, Vaporization, Gas. | Solid, Melting, Liquid, Vaporization, Gas. or Gas, Condensation, Liquid, Freezing, Solid |
| What is a change of state? | When an object goes form one state to another. Ice melts to water. or Water freezes to ice. |
| what is freezing? | The change of state from a liquid to a solid. Water freezing to become an ice cube. |
| What is the freezing point? | The temperature when a liquid changes state to a solid. |
| Liquid to a gas, change of state. | Vaporization(steam in a shower) and condensation(cold glass) |
| What is vaporization | When matter changes from a liquid to a gas. An example is water boiling into steam. |
| If vaporization takes place at the surface of a liquid it is called? | Evaporation. |
| If vaporization takes place below the surface it is called? | Boiling. |
| What is boiling? | It is when evaporation takes place below the surface of the water. |
| What is the boiling point? | It is the temperature at which a liquid boils. |
| What is condensation? | It is drops of water on the outside of a cold glass or steam on a mirror during a hot shower. |
| Condensation is what? | A change from a gas state to a liquid state. |
| What is the difference between boiling and evaporation of a liquid? | Boiling is when vaporization occurs below the surface. Evaporation is when vaporization takes place at the surface of the liquid. |
| What is thermal expansion? Hint: Hot expands | When something gets hot it expands. |
| What is a thermostat? | It controls the heat or cold air in your house. |
| What does a thermostat do? | It has a small piece of metal that expands or contracts to turn on/off the heat or air conditioning. |
| What is a bimetallic strip? | It is the small piece of metal in a thermostat that expands when it gets hot or contracts when it gets cold. |
| what is a heat engine? | It is when thermal energy is converted from thermal energy to mechanical energy. Gas is burned to make a car move. |
| What is combustion? | Is the burning of gas or fuel or coal in an engine |
| What is a combustion engine? | It is an engine that burns gas or coal to make it move. |
| What does a heat engine do? thermal to mechanical | It converts thermal energy to mechanical energy. |
| What is an external combustion engine? | A combustion engine is when gas or coal is burned to make it move. "External" is the gas or coal is burned outside the engine. |
| What is an Internal combustion engine? | A combustion engine is when gas or coal is burned to make it move. "Internal" is when the gas or coal is burned inside the engine. |
| What are the parts of an engine? | Gas tank, Carburetor, spark plug, piston, cylinder, muffler |
| What does a piston do inside an engine? | When the spark plug sparks, causes the gas to burn in the cylinder and moves the piston down. |
| What is it called when a piston moves? | It is called a stroke. |
| Most engine are # stroke | Four stroke engines |
| What are the four strokes? Hint: like you breath? In and out. | Intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, exhaust stroke. |
| What is the intake stroke? | When air is drawn into the cylinder. |
| What is the compression stroke? | When the air and gas are compressed in the cylinder. |
| What is the power stroke? | After ignition the heated gas pushes the piston down turning the motor. |
| What is the exhaust stroke? | When the piston moves down it exhausts, breathes out the smoke/waste |
| What is an oven? | It heats up and cooks food. |
| What is a refrigerator? | It keeps food cold. |
| What is radiation? | It is energy by light waves. |
| What does a refrigerator do? | It transfers thermal energy from the cold space inside to the warm room outside. |
| What is a refrigerator do? | A refrigerator uses an outside energy source to transfer thermal energy from a cool are to a warm area. The energy comes from a electric motor. |
| Where does the energy come from in a refrigerator? | The energy comes from an electric motor. |
| What is temperature a measure of? | Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of each particle within an object. |
| Thermal energy is what? Hint: total | Thermal energy is the total energy of the particles that make up an object. |
| What is heat? Hint: transfer of thermal energy | Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature. |
| How is heat transferred? Hint: conduc, conv, radi | Heat is transferred by conduction, convection and radiation. |
| A conductor does what well? Hint: cold tile floor | A conductor transfers heat well. |
| An insulator does what well? Hint: A jacket in the winter | An insulator does not transfer heat well. It holds heat in. |
| What is specific heat? Hint: raise temperature 1 degree | The amount of heat necessary to raise a given mass by a specific unit of temperature is called specific heat. |
| Matter can exists in three states: | Solid, Liquid, Gas. Matter can undergo a change of state when thermal energy is added or removed, |
| Does matter expand when it is heated? | Yes, matter expands when it is heated. It contracts, gets smaller when it is cooled. |
| What is a heat engine? Hint: converts thermal energy to ? | A heat engine converts thermal energy to mechanical energy to do work. |
| What are the different types of heat engines? Hint: Ext or Int | External and internal combustion engines. It depends where the fuel is burned. Externally or internally. Car is an internal combustion engine. |
| A refrigerator transfers thermal energy from…. | A refrigerator transfers thermal energy from a cool region to a warm region. |
