| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Pamgeaea? | Pangeaea is the name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents. |
| What is Compression? | Compression is stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. |
| What is Tension? | Tension is stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. |
| What is Shearing? | Shearing is stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions. |
| What is an Earthquake? | An Earthquake is the shaking of the Earth's crust, moving as a result of the plates underneath being in motion. |
| What is the Richter scale? | The Richter scale is a scale that rates seismic waves of an earthquake. It is a mechanical seismograph. |
| Is a mechanical seismograph still used today for the Richter scale ? | The mechanical seismograph was used in the late 1980s. The scale used now is the moment magnitude scale. It is an electronic seismograph. |
| What is a Fault-block Mountain? | It is a mountain that forms where two normal faults "lift up" another block of rock. |
| What are Shield Volcanoes? | Shield Volcanos are a wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of thin lava formed by quiet eruptions. |
| What is a Cinder Cone Volcano? | A Cinder Cone Volcano is a steep, cone shaped hill or mountain made of ash, cinders and bombs (thick lava from explosive eruptions) piled up around a volcano's opening. |
| What is a Composite Volcano? | A Composite Volcano is a tall, cone shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic material. |
| What is Magma? | Magma is the molten mixture of rock-forming substance, gases and water from the mantle. |
| What are Crystals? | Crystals are the shape a mineral takes because its atoms are arranged in a definite pattern. |
| What is the Moh's Scale? | The Moh's Scale is a scale for determining the hardness of a mineral, named after Friedrich Moh. |
| What are Solicates? | Silicates are any member of the largest group of minerals. |
| What is Cleavage? | Cleavage is the property of some minerals that causes them to easily break along a smooth, flat surface. |
| What is Fracture? | Fracture is the property of some minerals that cause them to break unevenly or along a curved surface. |
| What is Luster? | Luster is the way minerals reflect light. Example: Glassy, Earthy, Waxy, Metallic. |
| What is Streak? | Streak is the colored powder left behind when a mineral is rubbed against an unglazed tile. |
| What is Hardness? | Hardness is the property of minerals in which they are tested to see how easily they can be scratched. |
| What is a Diamond? | A diamond is the hardest known material. It can scratch all other substances/materials and is rated a 10 on the Moh's Hardness scale. |
| What is Talc? | Talc is the softest known mineral that flakes easily when scratched by a fingernail. It is used in powders. |
| What is Quartz? | Quartz is a mineral in the silicate family that is used in watches, computers, glass and as gemstones. |
| What is Ore? | Ore is a rock that has a useful metal in it. It can be crushed and melted to remove the useful metal. |
| What is Igneous Rock? | Igneous Rock is a rock that is formed from magma or lava that has cooled and hardened. |
| Part of Igneous rock – What is Intrusive Rock? | Intrusive Rock is a type of igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| Part of Igneous rock – What is Extrusive Rock? | Extrusive Rock is a type of igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface. |
| What is Sedimentary Rock? | Sedimentary Rock is a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed together. It has a 4 step process. |
| What are the 4 steps that form Sedimentary rock? | (1) Erosion. (2) Deposition. (3) Compaction. (4) Cementation. |
| What is erosion? | Erosion is the process in which wind or water carries away fragments of rock. |
| What is Deposition? | Deposition is the process in which fragments of rock that have been carried by erosion(wind or water) settles in one place and piles up. |
| What is Compaction? | Compaction is the process inw hich sediments are squeezed together by pressure. |
| What is Cementation? | Cementation is the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together. |
| What is Metamorphic rock? | Metamorphic rock is a type of rock that forms when existing rock is changed by heat pressure and chemical reactions into another rock. |
| What is Gneiss? | Gneiss is a metamorphic rock that formed from granite. |
| What is the rock cycle? | The rock cycle is the process in which rocks change into other types of rock or magma. |
| What is weather? | Weather is to break down due to rain, snow, wind or sand storms due to weather conditions. |
| What is a Rotation? | Rotation is the spinning motion of a planet about its axis. |
| What is a Revolution? | A Revolution is the movement of an object around another object. |
| What is a Solar Eclipse? | A Solar Eclipse is the blocking of the sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is between the sun and Earth. |
| What is a Lunar Eclipse? | A Lunar Eclipse is the block of sunlight to the moon that occurs when the Earth is directly between the sun and moon. |
| What is a Gas Giant? | A Gas Giant is the name given to the first four outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. |
| What is a Comet? | A Comet is a ball of ice and dust whose orbit as long, narrow ellipse. |
| What is an Asteroid? | An Asteroid are objects revolving around the sun that are too small and too numerous to be considered planets. |
| What is an Meteoroid? | A Meteoroid is a chunk of rock or dust in space. |
| What is a Meteor? | A Meteor is a streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere. |
| What is a Meteorite? | A Meteorite is a meteoroid that had hit Earth's surface. |
| Where do most earthquakes occur? | Earthquakes occur at fault lines. |
