Term |
Definition |
Marrow |
a porous inner core of bones where blood cells are produced |
Axial Skeleton |
the bones that keep the body upright |
Cranium |
the skull |
Vertebra |
the bones of the backbone |
Appendicular Skeleton |
the bones of the appendages and the bones where these attach to the axial skeleton |
Sternum |
the breastbone and the pelvis |
Pelvis |
the ring of bones n the lower torso where the hips attach to the body (consists of 2 hip bones/ each is a coxa) |
Joints |
the places where two or more bones connect |
Ligaments |
the connective tissue that holds joints together |
Tendons |
connective tissue that attach muscles to bones |
Atrophy |
the decrease in size of wasting away of the body tissue |
Striated |
marked by stripes or bands |
Axon |
a long extension of a neuron that transmits messages |
Brain Stem |
the portion of the brain that controls reflexes and involuntary mechanisms such as respiration, heart beat, and swallowing |
Central Nervous System |
the brain and spinal cord |
Cerebrum |
the part of the brain that controls all thought and other voluntary acts and detects sounds, smells, sight, taste, pain, heat, and cold |
Cerebellum |
the part of the rain that keeps track of the position of the body |
Dendrites |
short, branched extensions of a neuron that receive messages from other cells |
Myelin Sheath |
a protective layer of neuroglia covering some axons |
Neurons |
cells that send messages throughout the body in the form of electrical energy |
Stimulus |
anything that effects the activity of an organism |
Peripheral Nervous System |
the nerves and sensory receptors |
Synapse |
a gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron |
Adrenal Glands |
glands that produce hormones called adrenaline |
Glands |
organs that secrete hormones and other chemicals |
Hormones |
chemicals that carry information from one part of an organism to another |
Hormone Receptor Molecules |
molecules that fit with hormone molecule and affect cell function |
Ovaries |
glands in the female body that produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone: eggs also develop in the ovaries |
Pancreas |
a gland that produces insulin which regulates the transport of sugar molecules into body cells |
Parathyroid Glands |
glands that produce a hormone to regulate calcium levels in the blood |
Pineal Body |
a gland that produces a hormone that seems to inhibit the development of the reproductive system and plays a role in daily rythems |
Pituitary Gland |
a gland located in the center of the brain that secretes nine hormones |
Target Tissue |
the tissues that respond to specific hormones |
Testes |
glands in the male body that produce testosterone; sperm cells are also produced in the testes |
Thymus Gland |
a gland that produces a hormone important in the development of the immune system |
Thyroid Gland |
a gland that produces a hormone to regulate body metabolism rates |
Cone Cells |
light-sensitive cells used for color vision and fine detail |
Cornea |
a transparent layer of cells through which light can travel into the eye |
Iris |
the colored part of the eye |
Optic nerve |
the nerve that carries electrical impulses from the eye to the brain |
Papillae |
tiny projections on the tongue's surface, which contain taste buds |
Pupil |
the opening in the center of the eye through which light enters |
Retina |
the back lining of the eye, on which visual images are focused |
Rod Cells |
light-sensitive cells used in noncolor vision and low-light situations |
Tympanic Membrane |
the eardrum |